Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Human Security Or National Defense: The Question Of Conversion, Bruce Birchard

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

How can we convert the enormous human, financial and technological resources currently committed to military illusions of "national security" to programs and institutions which provide real human security? That is the central question of this paper.

Economic Conversion, Productive Efficiency And Social Welfare, Lloyd J. Dumas

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Traditional economic theory holds that there is a tradeoff between inflation and unemployment, and that accordingly price stability (i.e. 0% inflation) can only be achieved at the expense of increased unemployment, while full employment (corresponding to an unemployment rate of about 3%)' requires acceptance of an ongoing inflation. In 1960, the noted economists Paul Samuelson and Robert Solow published an analysis of annual data for the per d 1933-1958, from which they quantitatively estimated this tradeoff. It was their rough estimate that the elimination of inflation would require acceptance of a 5%-6% rate of unemployment while the achievement of full …

Anti-War Work By Discouragement Of Warriors: A Critique Of Anti-War Tactics Used Among Naval Personnel In The Vietnam War, Orabelle Connally

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

"Wars will end when men have ceased to fight" was a popular slogan of the anti-Vietnam War movement. It sounded quite practical and almost true on its face. However, we now have considerable information about wars and how people have refused to fight, and the relationship between them is not well described by this phrase. The specific military technology in use, the social organization of military authority, and the division of labor in producing war, all make a difference in the possibility of stopping a war by many refusals to fight. Campaigns emphasizing this tactic may even strengthen the organization …

A Comparison Of Defense And Welfare Spending In The United States And The United Kingdom, 1946-1976, James L. Clayton

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

One of the most important and absorbing questions of our time is whether governments should extend or retrench their efforts toward assisting people who do not seem to be able to make it on their own. Those who believe that governments should expand their programs to help the needy argue that a compassionate and affluent society has both the ability and the responsibility to do so; those who believe that governments have already pushed too far and too fast argue that the advance of the welfare state must be halted. Closely related to this basic disagreement is the question whether …

21-Archaeological Survey Of Proposed Sewer Line Rights-Of-Way In The City Of Portage, Michigan, Robert G. Kingsley

Reports of Investigations

On August 2 - 4, 1977, an archaeological survey was conducted at the request of Mr. Dallas Williams of the City of Portage, Michigan. The survey involved inspection of sewer line rights-of-way in an attempt to locate extant cultural resources in these areas prior to construction. The areas to be surveyed were outlined and identified by Dr. Jeffery Sutherland of Williams and Works, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

20-Archaeological Survey Of Proposed Sewage Treatment Facilities Site In White Pigeon, Michigan, Robert G. Kingsley

Reports of Investigations

An archaeological survey was conducted on July 26, 1977, near the town of White Pigeon, Michigan. The survey, done at the request of Mr. Michael Smith of Petrie and Associates, Inc., of Benton Harbor, Michigan, involved inspection of the proposed site to determine if the area contained cultural resources.

18-Archaeological Survey Of Proposed Portage Park, Portage, Michigan, Robert G. Kingsley

Reports of Investigations

On July 8, 1977, an archaeological survey was conducted at the request of Mr. Patrick L. Loeprich of the City of Portage, Michigan. The survey involved inspection of an area where the proposed Portage Park will be located; attention focused on the locating of historic or prehistoric sites in the area to be impacted.

14-Archaeological Survey Of Proposed Sewer Line Rights-Of-Way In Battle Creek Twp., Calhoun County, Michigan, Robert G. Kingsley

Reports of Investigations

On May 26, an archaeological survey was conducted in Battle Creek Twp., Calhoun County, at the request of Mr. Robert Boruszewski of the Calhoun Coun,ty Department of Public Works. The areas surveyed consisted of proposed sewer line rights-of-way that do not lie directly under or adjacent to existing road beds. The areas to be surveyed were identified by Mr. Wes Daining of Jones and Henry Engineers, Ltd., of Toledo, Ohio.

13-Archaeological Survey Of Proposed Sewer Line Rights-Of-Way And Treatment Facilities In Colon, Michigan, Robert G. Kingsley

Reports of Investigations

On May 24 an archaeological survey was performed at the request of Mr. James T. Nordlund of Richardson, Nordlund and Dunlap, Inc. of Ludington, Michigan. The survey involved inspection of proposed sewer line right-of- way and treatment facilities in the area of Colon, Michigan, to determine if extant cultural resources existed in these areas.

12-Archaeological Survey Of Proposed 24th Street And Ab Avenue Project, Richland Twp., Kalamazoo Co., Michigan, Robert G. Kingsley

Reports of Investigations

On April 26 and 27, 1977, an archaeological survey was undertaken at the request of Mr. Ron Copping of the Kalamazoo County Board of Road Commissioners. The survey involved reconnaissance of the proposed 24th Street and AB avenue project in Richland Twp. The road commission has planned to widen and pave this gravel road and to construct a new curve at the point where 24th Street and AB Avenue meet; this survey was undertaken to inspect proposed impact areas before construction takes place.

16-Archaeological Survey Of Proposed Sewage Treatment Facilities Site In Nashville, Michigan, Robert G. Kingsley

Reports of Investigations

This project was performed on June 21 and 22, 1977. The project involved archaeological survey of a proposed sewage treatment facilities site west of Nashville, MI. The work was requested by Dr. Jeffery Sutherland of Williams and Works of Grand Rapids, MI; Dr. Sutherland also outlined the area to be examined.

17-Archaeological Survey Of Proposed Sewage Treatment Facilities At Duck Lake, Calhoun County, Michigan, Robert G. Kingsley

Reports of Investigations

On June 27 and 28, an archaeological survey was conducted at Duck Lake, Calhoun County, Michigan. The work was requested by Mr. Brian Lorence of the Calhoun County Department of Public Works. The project involved inspection of sewer line rights-of-way and a treatment facilities site prior to actual construction.

15-Archaeological Survey Of Proposed Sewer Line Rights-Of-Way In Pennfield Twp., Calhoun County, Michigan, Robert G. Kingsley

Reports of Investigations

On May 17, an archaeological survey was conducted at the request of Mr.Robert Boruszewski of the Calhoun County Department of. Public Works. The survey involved inspection of proposed sewer line rights-of-way in Pennfield Twp., prior to the start of construction. The areas to be impacted and surveyed were outlined by Mr. Philip Braswell of Snell Environmental Group, Inc. of Lansing, Michigan.

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 4, Nos. 3 & 4 (January/March 1977)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword

• Hon. George McGovern, United States Senator
• Chauncey Alexander, National Association of Social Workers

I. Introduction

• Warfare-Welfare as a Serious Social Problem for Study and Action - L. K. NORTHWOOD, Editor

II. Crisis in the Warfare/Welfare State

• Eighteen Leading Social Critics Comment: What is the Real Threat to World Peace and Social Security? - KENNETH A. KIRKPATRICK and L. K. NORTHWOOD
• A Moment of Truth in the Warfare-Welfare Debate: The Transfer Amendment - HON. ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN
• New York City and the Economic Crisis - JOSEPH HARRIS

III. The Rise of the Warfare/Welfare State

• The Warfare-Welfare Tradeoff: Health, …

The Military Establishment And Social Welfare: Past, Present (And Future?), George W. Ayers

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

As we move toward the decade of the eighties we are becoming increasingly aware of the difficulties and realities of economics on a national level. More and more we, as a people, are faced with difficult choices concerning the services that we either demand of our government or which government deems it necessary to provide.

Foreword To The Special Issue, George Mcgovern

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Foreword to the special Issue: Warfare or Welfare – Which Direction for America?

Economic Conversion, Productive Efficiency And Social Welfare, Lloyd J. Dumas

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Traditional economic theory holds that there is a tradeoff between inflation and unemployment, and that accordingly price stability (i.e. 0% inflation) can only be achieved at the expense of increased unemployment, while full employment (corresponding to an unemployment rate of about 3%)' requires acceptance of an ongoing inflation. In 1960, the noted economists Paul Samuelson and Robert Solow published an analysis of annual data for the per d 1933-1958, from which they quantitatively estimated this tradeoff. It was their rough estimate that the elimination of inflation would require acceptance of a 5%-6% rate of unemployment while the achievement of full …

The Conservative Program For The Welfare-Warfare State: The Response To The Korean, Algerian, And Vietnamese Wars, Clarence Y.H. Lo

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper explains why the leaders of conservative political parties were so successful in the aftermith of limited wars. Conservative parties are those parties whose constituency is large and small business, managers, upper income professionals, and some white collar workers and farmers, exemplified by the Republican Party in the United States, the Gaullist Party in France, the Christian Democrats in Germany and Italy, and the Conservative Party in England. Conservative political leaders rose to power because they addressed the problems intensified by limited wars-- budget deficits, political stalemate, and inter-imperialist rivalries-- and, to some extent, enacted short term solutions--budget cuts, …

Which Side Are You On?, Olga J. Northwood

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

No abstract provided.

The Informant Volume Ix, Number 2, Western Michigan University

Informant (1968-1981)

Volume IX, Number 2

Winter 1977

• Must and Müssen: A Study in Contrasts
• Faculty-Staff News
• Alumni News -- Graduate Majors
• Alumni News -- Undergraduate Majors
• Alumni News -- Undergraduate Minors
• Recent Graduates
• New Students in Linguistics Programs
• New Critical Language Minors
• New Undergraduate Minors
• New Undergraduate Majors
• New Graduate Majors
• Recent Publications
• Linguistics Department Fall 1977
• Diamond Jubilee Issue

Introduction: Warfare-Welfare As A Serious Social Problem For Study And Action, L. K. Northwood

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Throughout the Journal reference will be made to "The Warfare/Welfare State." When the term is used by the editors it refers to activities and programs in the public (governmental) sector having to do with the growth, development, and interrelationship of two of the major institutional complexes of society, the military and the social welfare.

Social Policy And War, Paul Adams

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

American writers on social policy usually treat war as a diversion or interruption of progress towards a welfare state. The progressive era was cut off by World War I, the New Deal was liquidated as a hostile Congress and indifferent President turned their attention to World War II , and the War on rove-ty gave way to the war on Vietnam. "War," Max Lerner said in 1940, ''generally puts an end to any period of social reform." British writers, however, see it differently.

Alienation Of Youth As An Unintended Consequence Of Military Assistance In Africa: Illustrations From The Ethiopian Experience, Quentin F. Schenk

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The development of global competition between Russia and the United States led to a dramatic diversion of the resources of the United States to military and quasi-military programs. Some of the objectives of the competition were to maintain United States influence and power over its empire in the Middle East and Africa: to monitor the Red Sea; to have a presence near Egypt, especially in view of the development of the Aswan Dam by the Russians; to have proximity to its Asian colony, Israel; to keep watch over its oil in Saudi Arabia; to establish and man satellite tracking stations …

Human Security Or National Defense: The Question Of Conversion, Bruce Birchard

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

How can we convert the enormous human, financial and technological resources currently committed to military illusions of "national security" to programs and institutions which provide real human security? That is the central question of this paper.

Anti-War Work By Discouragement Of Warriors: A Critique Of Anti-War Tactics Used Among Naval Personnel In The Vietnam War, Orabelle Connally

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

"Wars will end when men have ceased to fight" was a popular slogan of the anti-Vietnam War movement. It sounded quite practical and almost true on its face. However, we now have considerable information about wars and how people have refused to fight, and the relationship between them is not well described by this phrase. The specific military technology in use, the social organization of military authority, and the division of labor in producing war, all make a difference in the possibility of stopping a war by many refusals to fight. Campaigns emphasizing this tactic may even strengthen the organization …

A Disarmed World: Problems In Imaging The Future, Elise Boulding

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

One of the major handicaps to scholars, activists and would-be policy makers associated with the post-World War II peace research and peace action movements has been the inability to construct coherent and believable images of a post military industrial United States society. Even at the height of the economics of disarmament studies in the I960s' the most that economists could demonstrate was that disarmament could take place without severe economic dislocations, and that resources released from arms could be used for improving the global standard of living. The new peace research movement was also producing books in the sixties showing …

Foreword To The Special Issue, Chauncey Alexander

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Foreword to the special issue: Warfare or Welfare -- Which Direction for America?

Eighteen Leading Social Critics Comment: What Is The Real Threat To World Peace And Social Security?, Kenneth A. Kirkpatrick, L. K. Northwood

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

What is the real threat to world peace and social security? Is it the prevalent ideology of violence, aggressive nationalism, and militarism? Or is it the maldistribution of resources, technology, and social welfare benefits? How much of itsnational budget must the U.S. allocate to military expenditures? How can the national budget priorities be changed so there is a more realistic funding of social programs? Do we face as great a threat of nuclear annihilation in the '70's and the '80's as we did in the early '60's?

Edited by Kenneth A. Kirkpatrick and L. K. Northwood

A Moment Of Truth In The Warfare-Welfare Debate: The Transfer Amendment, Elizabeth Holtzman

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The controversy over the budget is much more than a debate about how much should be spent in 1977 on the military, or social programs. It is more than a struggle between two branches of the federal government--the legislative and the executive-- over which body should determine the national priorities. Ultimately questions are raised about the viability of the democratic planning process in the warfare/welfare state, and how the people--the governed--can be adequately represented in the process. All of these issues are touched on explicitly or implicitly by Congresswoman Holtzman in the debate (although, to be sure, she was most …

New York City And The Economic Crisis, Joseph Harris

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The crisis of New York City and the crises affecting many hundreds of other cities, counties, school districts, and other local and state governments are not accidents. They are a direct result of the neglect that social welfare receives at the hands of a government interested only in furthering the profits and position of the monopolies. Some people call the U.S. government a "warfare/welfare" state. I prefer to call it a state dominated by the giant corporations which control the economic and hence the political life of our nation. As long as federal policy continues to stress profits before people, …