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Articles 241 - 270 of 6206

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Surveying The Industry: A Professional Profile Of Cultural Resource Management In Canada, Sydney Rowinski Feb 2023

Surveying The Industry: A Professional Profile Of Cultural Resource Management In Canada, Sydney Rowinski

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Cultural Resource Management (CRM) has transformed the practice of archaeology; however, little is known regarding general make-up and demographics for this dominant form of archaeological practice. Even less is understood concerning the views and sentiments of its practitioners. In Canada, no jurisdiction maintains practitioner profiles; subsequently, their training or understanding of the roles they play in mediating heritage resource compliance requirements for clients, Descendant communities, or heritage stakeholders like the wider archaeological community, is relatively unknown. Despite recent discourse focused on the operational side of CRM (e.g., nature, output, and consequences) insight on the values, ideals, and level expertise of …

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Counsellors' Beliefs On Social Justice And The Medicalization Of Counselling, Christopher Mullin Feb 2023

Counsellors' Beliefs On Social Justice And The Medicalization Of Counselling, Christopher Mullin

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Counselling is becoming more standardized under a medicalized discourse of diagnosis and manualized treatment partly due to changing standards and administrative needs (Strong, 2017). Through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, this study explored how social justice-oriented counsellors are impacted by the medicalization of counselling. Counsellors stated medicalization was pathologizing individuals, marginalizing groups, and homogenizing therapeutic work. Driven by systems and industries gatekeeping resources, maintaining the social status quo, and the profession’s pursuit of prestige and profit through the medical model, the medicalization of counselling has been steadily growing. Counsellors centered the profession’s emerging identity as primarily relational in the nature …

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La Liberté D'Expression Et Les Propos Haineux: Les Attitudes Des Canadiennes Et Canadiens, Antoine Thériault Feb 2023

La Liberté D'Expression Et Les Propos Haineux: Les Attitudes Des Canadiennes Et Canadiens, Antoine Thériault

Reports

No abstract provided.

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C-Dem 2023 Annual Report, Consortium On Electoral Democracy Feb 2023

C-Dem 2023 Annual Report, Consortium On Electoral Democracy

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

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Stable Isotope Analysis Of Breastfeeding And Weaning Practices In 19th Century Montreal, Jess Sadlowski Jan 2023

Stable Isotope Analysis Of Breastfeeding And Weaning Practices In 19th Century Montreal, Jess Sadlowski

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

A plethora of changes occurred in nineteenth century Montreal including industrialization, population growth, urbanization, and women in the workforce. These changes likely affected how infants and children were cared for, including breastfeeding and weaning practices. Using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of serial dentine sections of 21 teeth from a French-Canadian population interred at Saint Antoine (AD 1799-1854), this study reconstructs infant feeding practices from a low-middle socioeconomic status population. Adult female diet emphasized C3 foods with variable terrestrial and aquatic protein. Lack of isotope results limited information about the diets of subadults. In one individual, weaning was …

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For The Love Of A'Se'k: Piktukowaq's (Re)Assertion Of Autonomy In Pursuit Of A Healthier Community, Lands, Waters, And Future Generations, Serena E. Mendizabal Jan 2023

For The Love Of A'Se'k: Piktukowaq's (Re)Assertion Of Autonomy In Pursuit Of A Healthier Community, Lands, Waters, And Future Generations, Serena E. Mendizabal

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Pictou Landing First Nation (PLFN) has experienced the impacts of being exposed to the effluent treatment facility for a pulp mill for decades, but in 2020, it was announced that the treatment facility would finally close. In my research, I will investigate and compare two sets of PLFN health data from 2014 and 2019 to answer the following research questions: 1) Does community health for the PLFN improve over time when community members have more autonomy over environmental decision-making?; and 2) Does Pictou Landing First Nation's relationship to place improve with more autonomy in environmental decision making? I will use …

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From Micro To Macro: Examining Potential Microbiome Mediated Influences On Human Growth And Health Outcomes Through Breastfeeding And Antibiotic Exposures, Nicole K. Phillips Jan 2023

From Micro To Macro: Examining Potential Microbiome Mediated Influences On Human Growth And Health Outcomes Through Breastfeeding And Antibiotic Exposures, Nicole K. Phillips

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Human microbiome research has rapidly developed over the past two decades yet absent from most research is the composition and dynamics of microbiomes within human populations. Given the limitations in longitudinal studies which requires decades of repeated microbe taxonomic testing of a population sample, an alternative option is to examine microbiomes and their influences via proxies using pre-existing health datasets. This research demonstrates preliminary associations between presumed disrupted and supportive microbiomes dynamics proxied by antibiotic and breastmilk exposure respectively. Using health record data across the life span from approximately 500,000 U.K. participants, this research demonstrates variable altered growth and health …

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Perceptual Benefits From Long-Term Exposure To Naturalistic Sound Patterns, Bruno A. Mesquita Jan 2023

Perceptual Benefits From Long-Term Exposure To Naturalistic Sound Patterns, Bruno A. Mesquita

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Our brains are proficient in learning recurring structures in the environment, in order to optimize perceptual inferences based on relevant information in a stochastic input. Sensory information is multi-dimensional, and the relationship between sound dimensions may be, in itself, a source of information. Many sounds in our environment covary dynamically, and these covariances may be learned, and therefore shape our perception, through exposure to them in our natural environment. In the present study we investigate how natural (long term), and experimental (short term), learning of statistical regularities in sounds may shape our ability to categorize them (Experiment 1) and to …

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2023-1 The Macroeconomic Consequences Of Subsistence Self-Employment, Juan Herreno, Sergio Ocampo Jan 2023

2023-1 The Macroeconomic Consequences Of Subsistence Self-Employment, Juan Herreno, Sergio Ocampo

Department of Economics Research Reports

We evaluate the aggregate effects of expansions of credit supply in environments where subsistence self-employment is prevalent. We extend a standard macro development model to include unemployment risk, which becomes a key driver of selection into self-employment. The model is consistent with the joint distribution of earnings and occupations, the reaction of wages to labor demand shocks, and the small effects of expansions in the supply of microloans on the earnings of the self-employed. We find that the elasticity of aggregate output to expansions in credit supply is proportional to the elasticity of individual earnings. This proportionality arises due to …

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2023-2 Dynamic And Stochastic Rational Behavior, Nail Kashaev, Charles Gauthier, Victor H. Aguiar Jan 2023

2023-2 Dynamic And Stochastic Rational Behavior, Nail Kashaev, Charles Gauthier, Victor H. Aguiar

Department of Economics Research Reports

We analyze consumer demand behavior using Dynamic Random Utility Model (DRUM). Under DRUM, a consumer draws a utility function from a stochastic utility process in each period and maximizes this utility subject to her budget constraint. DRUM allows unrestricted time correlation and cross-section heterogeneity in preferences. We fully characterize DRUM for a panel data of consumer choices and budgets. DRUM is linked to a finite mixture of deterministic behavior represented as the Kronecker product of static rationalizable behavior. We provide a generalization of the Weyl-Minkowski theorem that uses this link and enables conversion of the characterizations of the static Random …

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2023-3 Dynamic Programming For Pure-Strategy Subgame Perfection In An Arbitrary Game, Peter Streufert Jan 2023

2023-3 Dynamic Programming For Pure-Strategy Subgame Perfection In An Arbitrary Game, Peter Streufert

Department of Economics Research Reports

This paper uses value functions to characterize the pure-strategy subgame-perfect equilibria of an arbitrary, possibly infinite-horizon game. It specifies the game’s extensive form as a pentaform (Streufert 2023p, arXiv:2107.10801v4), which is a set of quintuples formalizing the abstract relationships between nodes, actions, players, and situations (situations generalize information sets). Because a pentaform is a set, this paper can explicitly partition the game form into piece forms, each of which starts at a (Selten) subroot and contains all subsequent nodes except those that follow a subsequent subroot. Then the set of subroots becomes the domain of a value function, and the …

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2023-5 History Of Economic Thought's Place In Macroeconomics Revisited, David Laidler Jan 2023

2023-5 History Of Economic Thought's Place In Macroeconomics Revisited, David Laidler

Department of Economics Research Reports

The History of Economics Society was founded at a time when the History of Economic Thought was being expelled from the Economics post-graduate curriculum in many universities, and was one of the key institutions around which the sub-discipline successfully re-organised itself and continued to develop. Laidler (2003) argued that Economics itself, especially Macroeconomics, was suffering serious damage from this expulsion. It has continued to do so since.

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The Effects Of Biometric Border Systems On Trans Travelers, Madison Binder Jan 2023

The Effects Of Biometric Border Systems On Trans Travelers, Madison Binder

2023 Undergraduate Awards

The Canada-United States border is the longest land border in the world, stretching more than five thousand miles. The narrative of the Canada-United States border as the “longest undefended border in the world” was reliant on racist images of Canada as a white state. Following the attack on September 11, 2001, this narrative was disrupted and the border became the site of a massive security reconstruction project. Not in the physical sense, but in the scale of funds allocated and technology implemented to control and monitor the flow of movement across the border. Canada’s 2001 budget allocated $1.2 billion towards …

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2023-01 The Insurance Implications Of Government Student Loan Repayment Schemes, Martin Gervais, Qian Liu, Lance Lochner Jan 2023

2023-01 The Insurance Implications Of Government Student Loan Repayment Schemes, Martin Gervais, Qian Liu, Lance Lochner

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

No abstract provided.

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Motivated To Forgive? Partisan Scandals And Party Supporters, Amber Hye-Yon Lee, Allison Harell, Laura B. Stephenson, Daniel Rubenson, Peter Loewen Jan 2023

Motivated To Forgive? Partisan Scandals And Party Supporters, Amber Hye-Yon Lee, Allison Harell, Laura B. Stephenson, Daniel Rubenson, Peter Loewen

Publications

In this study, we investigate how partisan motivations shape voters’ reactions to a political scandal by drawing on a unique survey experiment fielded immediately after Justin Trudeau’s brownface/blackface scandal broke during the 2019 Canadian election. We thus explore motivated reasoning in real time in a competitive and highly partisan election context. Are voters more willing to forgive politicians for past behavior when their own party leader’s impropriety is cued? To what extent do personal interests, such as cross-pressures or electoral concerns, affect the motivation to forgive? Our findings show that partisan-motivated reasoning is overwhelmingly powerful, producing politically biased judgments of …

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Between Here And There: Surveying The Global Work Of Diaspora, Migration, And Mobility-Engaged Museums, Simge Erdogan-O'Connor, Giada Ferrucci, Renée Macdiarmid, Julia Piccolo, Sascha Priewe, Sarah E.K. Smith Jan 2023

Between Here And There: Surveying The Global Work Of Diaspora, Migration, And Mobility-Engaged Museums, Simge Erdogan-O'Connor, Giada Ferrucci, Renée Macdiarmid, Julia Piccolo, Sascha Priewe, Sarah E.K. Smith

FIMS Publications

Diaspora, migration, and mobility-engaged museums are a growing sector amongst global cultural institutions. These museums play a significant role in shaping understandings of migration and representing diaspora identities, cultures, and experiences. Through their work, they also serve an increasingly diplomatic function in fostering mutual understanding amongst various groups and communities. At a time when migration is increasingly contested and politicized, the work of these institutions has never been more pressing. This report presents a global survey of the work of diaspora, migration, and mobility-engaged museums. Our study focused on understanding the sector, including the range and scope of institutions and …

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2023-02 Adverse Selection Among Early Adopters And Unraveling Innovation, Rory Mcgee Jan 2023

2023-02 Adverse Selection Among Early Adopters And Unraveling Innovation, Rory Mcgee

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

I provide an equilibrium analysis of “selection markets”: where consumers not only vary in how much they are willing to pay, but also in how much they cost to the seller. The model provides a joint explanation for three empirical phenomena: low uptake of existing products, slow demand for new products, and market inactivity despite unmet demand. I characterize when early adopters are more adversely selected in new markets. This lowers demand, increases costs, and leads markets to unravel prematurely. With endogenous market entry for new products (e.g., reverse mortgages, annuities), extended patents serve as de facto time-varying subsidies.

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The Chips And Science Act: The United States’ Race For Semiconductor Sovereignty, Jenna Kawar Jan 2023

The Chips And Science Act: The United States’ Race For Semiconductor Sovereignty, Jenna Kawar

MA Major Research Papers

This paper explores the CHIPS and Science Act in the United States. The microchip is extremely crucial to the function of technology as a whole, and its global supply chain is monopolized by countries such as the US, China, Taiwan, the Netherlands, South Korea, and Japan. The industry is fierce in competition, and holds many implications within political science, and international relations. The CHIPS Act is an Act that allocates funding toward the re-shoring efforts to manufacture and research the microchip on US territory. This paper explores the history leading up to the CHIPS Act, as well as the reasoning …

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The Ambiguity In International Law And Its Effect On Drone Warfare And Cyber Security, Amina Khan Jan 2023

The Ambiguity In International Law And Its Effect On Drone Warfare And Cyber Security, Amina Khan

MA Major Research Papers

Drone warfare and artificial intelligence have considerably shaped cybersecurity and international law over the years. The rapid growth of technology has slowly forced entry into the international and domestic affairs of states. How countries conduct surveillance and practice defence does not look the way it did many years ago. One must observe how the rule of law is affected by technological advancement at the international level where many complexities are seen to rise to the surface. Balancing domestic and international law comes into question when drones and artificial intelligence become key components in state affairs that transcend geographical borders. This …

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2023-4 Macro’S Missing Link: The Unbridged Gap Between Monetarism And The Wicksell Connection, David Laidler Jan 2023

2023-4 Macro’S Missing Link: The Unbridged Gap Between Monetarism And The Wicksell Connection, David Laidler

Department of Economics Research Reports

Modern mainstream macroeconomics treats the economy “as if” always in equilibrium. Two older traditions, Monetarism and the Wicksell Connections have always dissented, arguing that how agents gather information and apply it to the coordination of their activities are prior problems requiring attention before equilibrium can, or cannot, be assumed. They have developed the implications of this claim along different lines, however, with the former dealing with questions raised by the existence of monetary exchange in general and the latter concentrating in particular on inter-temporal issues. This gap has persisted since Wicksell opened it up, and has never been satisfactorily bridged: …

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Faith, Source Credibility, And Trust In Pandemic Information, Jianing Li, Amanda Friesen, Michael W. Wagner Jan 2023

Faith, Source Credibility, And Trust In Pandemic Information, Jianing Li, Amanda Friesen, Michael W. Wagner

Political Science Publications

No abstract provided.

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Are Saviour Siblings A Special Case In Procreative Ethics?, Elizabeth Finneron-Burns, Caleb Althorpe Jan 2023

Are Saviour Siblings A Special Case In Procreative Ethics?, Elizabeth Finneron-Burns, Caleb Althorpe

Political Science Publications

Children conceived in order to donate biological material to save the life of an already existing child are known as 'saviour siblings'. The primary reasons that have been offered against the practice are: (i) creating a saviour sibling has negative impacts on the created child and (ii) creating a saviour child represents a wrongful procreative motivation of the parents. In this paper we examine to what extent the creation of saviour siblings actually presents a special case in procreative ethics. Although we do not deny that there is a unique feature present in the saviour sibling case—namely, that the child …

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Mapping Gothicism In Hiv/Aids Art, And The Importance Of Art In Understanding Queer Cultural Trauma: Canadian Perspectives, Riley Buist Jan 2023

Mapping Gothicism In Hiv/Aids Art, And The Importance Of Art In Understanding Queer Cultural Trauma: Canadian Perspectives, Riley Buist

2023 Undergraduate Awards

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Canada continues to be a defining moment in queer trauma and cultural production. Since the 1990s, queer academics and theorists have become increasingly interested in how queer people navigate and negotiate trauma. With the establishment of Queer Studies and Gothic Studies, the two fields have been considered complementary both historically and contemporarily. Queer academics and theorists have discovered that queer cultural production continuously evokes gothic themes, tropes, and atmospheres to understand cultural trauma. Previous research primarily focuses on literature, and my research seeks to expand the field into visual mediums. My research is interested in understanding …

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Leading From Between: Finding Meaning As A Third-Space Librarian, Heather Campbell Jan 2023

Leading From Between: Finding Meaning As A Third-Space Librarian, Heather Campbell

Western Libraries Publications

No abstract provided.

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Library Curriculum As Epistemic Justice: Decolonizing Library Instruction Programs, Heather Campbell, Dan Sich Jan 2023

Library Curriculum As Epistemic Justice: Decolonizing Library Instruction Programs, Heather Campbell, Dan Sich

Western Libraries Publications

Information literacy scholars and leaders are calling for the decolonization of library instruction, knowing that our work helps to maintain colonial systems. While there is no checklist or road map to program decolonization, academic libraries and instruction teams must start the work anyway. This article shares the story of curriculum decolonization at Western Libraries, so far, including the decolonization ‘cycle’ we followed and our resulting six learning outcomes. Grounded in epistemic justice, our new curriculum prioritizes living beings over information, and uses a broad, inclusive definition of knowledge throughout. Librarians at Western University acknowledge that the first step in decolonization …

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Acting "As If": Critical Pedagogy, Empowerment, And Labor, Rafia Mirza, Karen P. Nicholson, Maura Seale Jan 2023

Acting "As If": Critical Pedagogy, Empowerment, And Labor, Rafia Mirza, Karen P. Nicholson, Maura Seale

FIMS Publications

In this chapter, we explore the labor of information literacy and its devaluation in professional discourse, which lends appeal to critical library pedagogy as means to reclaim agency in the classroom. We consider how discourses of agency and empowerment in critical library pedagogy fail to account for positionality, power, and context, with the result that critical pedagogy tends to center individual (heroic) efforts rather than collective action. Critical pedagogy thus becomes a decontextualized and disempowering fiction, a practice of “acting as if” the classroom were a safe space. Reframing critical library pedagogy as labor undertaken in solidarity with other workers …

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Rhythmically Modulating Neural Entrainment During Exposure To Regularities Influences Statistical Learning, Laura J. Batterink, Jerrica Mulgrew, Aaron Gibbings Jan 2023

Rhythmically Modulating Neural Entrainment During Exposure To Regularities Influences Statistical Learning, Laura J. Batterink, Jerrica Mulgrew, Aaron Gibbings

Psychology Publications

The ability to discover regularities in the environment, such as syllable patterns in speech, is known as statistical learning. Previous studies have shown that statistical learning is accompanied by neural entrainment, in which neural activity temporally aligns with repeating patterns over time. However, it is unclear whether these rhythmic neural dynamics play a functional role in statistical learning, or whether they largely reflect the downstream consequences of learning, such as the enhanced perception of learned words in speech. To better understand this issue, we manipulated participants’ neural entrainment during statistical learning using continuous rhythmic visual stimulation. Participants were exposed to …

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Characterizing And Predicting Canadian Adolescents’ Internalizing Symptoms In The First Year Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Haley E. Green, Andrew R. Daoust, Matthew R. J. Vandermeer, Pan Liu, Kasey Stanton, Kate L. Harkness, Elizabeth P. Hayden Jan 2023

Characterizing And Predicting Canadian Adolescents’ Internalizing Symptoms In The First Year Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Haley E. Green, Andrew R. Daoust, Matthew R. J. Vandermeer, Pan Liu, Kasey Stanton, Kate L. Harkness, Elizabeth P. Hayden

Psychology Publications

To date, most longitudinal studies of adolescents’ internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic include few time points, limiting knowledge about the long-term course of adolescents’ mental health during the pandemic. Moreover, examining intraindividual variability in symptoms, which may have important implications for adolescents’ adjustment beyond mean or “typical” symptoms, requires multiple time points. We examined the course of internalizing symptoms in 271 Ontario adolescents (mean n = 193 across time points) during the first year of the pandemic (March 2020–April 2021) via mixed-effect location scale models, drawing upon established internalizing symptom risk factors as predictors of mean trends and intraindividual …

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A Failure To Communicate: Assessing The Low Rate Of Materials Challenge And Censorship Reporting Among Canadian Public Libraries, Mike Nyby, Heather Hill, Richard Ellis Jan 2023

A Failure To Communicate: Assessing The Low Rate Of Materials Challenge And Censorship Reporting Among Canadian Public Libraries, Mike Nyby, Heather Hill, Richard Ellis

FIMS Publications

Record levels of materials challenges have affected libraries in both Canada and the United States in recent years, (American Library Association, 2023c; Canadian Federation of Library Associations, 2015-2022), but despite the apparent swell in censorship efforts, the ALA estimates that 82-92% of challenges go unreported (Doyle 2017). This study aims to identify factors contributing to the low rate of challenge reporting through a participation survey distributed to over 500 Canadian public libraries. Results indicate low awareness reporting mechanisms is likely the largest obstacle to greater participation, but obstacles related to library policy, including delegation and challenge policy structure, also exist.

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Documenting Privacy Dark Patterns: How Social Networking Sites Influence Users’ Privacy Choices, Dominique Kelly, Jacquelyn Burkell Jan 2023

Documenting Privacy Dark Patterns: How Social Networking Sites Influence Users’ Privacy Choices, Dominique Kelly, Jacquelyn Burkell

FIMS Publications

Dark patterns are user interface (UI) design strategies intended to influence users to make choices or perform actions that benefit online services. This study examines the dark patterns employed by social networking sites (SNSs) to influence users to make privacy-invasive choices. We documented the privacy dark patterns encountered in attempts to register an account, configure account settings, and log in and out for five SNSs popular among American teenagers (Discord, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, and Snapchat). Based on our observations, we present a typology consisting of three major types of privacy dark patterns (Obstruction, Obfuscation, and Pressure) and 10 subtypes. These …

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