Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Essays On Conflict Mediation, Ali Kamranzadeh

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

An important barrier to conflict resolution is asymmetric information. That is adversaries have private information about their objectives, resources, and strengths during the conflict and have incentives to misrepresent this information during the negotiations. Third-party institutions, like mediators, can help adversaries to reach an agreement by making a peace proposal. In this thesis, I explore the implication of asymmetric information of players to the design of an optimal peace proposal by a mediator.

Chapter 2, co-authored with Charles Zheng, studies a problem of conflict mediation where a mediator proposes a split of a good between two ex-ante identical contestants thereby …

Understanding The Impact Of Covid-19 On The Mental Health Of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder And Their Families, Carly B. Sugar

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

In March 2020, the world entered a state of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The isolation caused by the pandemic had an unprecedented effect on the lives and general wellbeing of individuals worldwide. The present study engaged 15 children with diagnosed Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and their parents in virtual interviews in order to explore the unique ways that the COVID-19 pandemic affected their mental health and the specific barriers they faced to maintaining optimal mental health. A thematic analysis revealed that the most frequently identified mental health effects were increased child anxiety and disconnectedness, as well as …

Evaluating The Impact Of A Safe Exercise Training Workshop On Knowledge And Self-Efficacy To Manage Dysfunctional Exercise Among Eating Disorders Clinicians At Alsana Eating Disorders Center, Danika A. Quesnel

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Engaging in dysfunctional exercise (DEX) is detrimental to eating disorders (EDs) prognosis, although common amongst clients. Though nutritionally supported exercise can improve ED treatment outcomes, without negatively impacting weight restoration, clinicians remain hesitant to address DEX, perhaps due to a lack of information and training. The current study examined the effects of a Safe Exercise at Every Stage (SEES) training on clinician knowledge and self-efficacy in managing DEX in ED treatment. Eating disorders clinicians completed measures before (n = 96) and after (n = 44) SEES training to assess their knowledge and self-efficacy around treating DEX, with a …

Recreational Nastiness Or Playful Mischief? Contrasting Perspectives On Internet Trolling Between News Media And Avid Internet Users, Yimin Chen

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The term “internet trolling” has come to encompass a wide range of disparate behaviours: ranging from abusive speech and computer hacking to sarcastic humour and friendly teasing. While some of these behaviours are clearly antisocial and, in extreme cases, criminal, others are harmless and can even be prosocial. Previous studies have shown that self-identified internet trollers tend to credit internet trolling’s poor reputation to misunderstanding and overreaction from people unfamiliar with internet culture and humour, whereas critics of trolling have argued that the term has been used to downplay and gloss over problematic transgressive behaviour. As the internet has come …

Introducing The Social-Ecological Model Of Cyberbullying And Uncovering Post-Secondary Students’ Perceptions Of Cyberbullying Through Interviews With Young Adults, Molly-Gloria R. Harper

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Cyberbullying is a problematic social-digital phenomenon impacting individuals at varying stages of the life course, bringing with it negative and potentially damaging consequences (e.g., increased depression and anxiety, suicide ideation). Despite this, the literature has been plagued by gaps, which have made a complete understanding of cyberbullying out of reach. For instance, cyberbullying scholars have overlooked the digital context (e.g., what aspects and features of digital media help facilitate cyberbullying; the overlap of the digital context with the individual and societal contexts). Also, limited research has investigated cyberbullying occurring among young adults, particularly from their own points of view (e.g., …

A Pilot Study Of The Effectiveness And Feasibility Of A Brief, Online, And Self-Guided Acceptance And Commitment Therapy Intervention For Intellectual And Developmental Disability Support Staff, Kristina Axenova

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The present research pilots a brief, online, and self-guided adaptation of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention for intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) support staff to reduce burnout and psychological distress and increase psychological flexibility and work performance. A randomized waitlist control trial was implemented with an intervention group (n=5) and waitlist control group (n=11). Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), the Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes (CompACT), the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Service Version (MBI-HS), the Individual Work Performance …

13. N-Bonding As A Morphological Ornament In Malagasy, Connie Ting

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

12. On The Other Side Of The Linguist Fence – The Consultant World, Vololona Razafimbelo

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

11. What Tagalog Can Teach Us: The Influence Of Word Order In Reflexive Processing, Jed Sam Pizarro-Guevara, Brian Dillon

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

10. Clausal Complementation In Malagasy, Ileana Paul, Holly Scott

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

09. Javanese Object Voice As An Undergoer Topic Construction: Insights From Pps, Hero Patrianto

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

08. Ergative Extraction And The Emergence Of The Active Voice In Sumbawa, Hiroki Nomoto

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

07. T-->C Movement In Polynesian: A Case Study Of Tokelauan, John Middleton, Saurov Syed

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

06. External Possession And The Vp Phase Edge In Pangasinan, Joey Lim

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

05. Argument Possibilities In The Object Voice Of East Javanese Indonesian, Austin Kraft

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

04. Gesture Alignment In A “Stressless” Language, Daniel Kaufman, Alessa Farinella

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

03. Deriving Categorical And Continuous Properties Of Javanese Speech Levels, Christopher Davis

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

02. Malagasy /Nr/-Strengthening Within And Across Prosodic Boundaries, Jake Aziz, Noah Elkins

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

01. Table Of Contents And Preface, Connie Ting

Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA)

No abstract provided.

Examining Elementary School Children’S Knowledge About Food And Nutrition In Southwestern Ontario, Canada, Paige Colley, Jamie A. Seabrook, Sarah J. Woodruff, Jason Gilliland

Geography & Environment Publications

Purpose: Knowledge is fundamental to helping children make nutritional choices that support lifelong healthy behaviours. This study (i) investigates elementary school children’s knowledge about food and nutrition and (ii) identifies sociodemographic factors influencing children’s reported knowledge. Methods: In 2017–2019, a survey was administered to 2443 students (grades 5–8) at 60 schools across southwestern Ontario, Canada, and a parent survey was used to validate self-reported sociodemographics. Multiple regression was used to analyse children’s knowledge scores and related sociodemographic factors. A total knowledge score was calculated by summing correct responses derived from 46 individual questions in the student …

The Predictive Validity Of Intimate Partner Violence Warning Signs, Nicolyn H. Charlot

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is harmful and prevalent, but leaving abusive partners is often challenging due to investments (e.g., time, cohabitation). Identifying warning signs of abuse is one primary prevention strategy to help people avoid abusive relationships. The present research sought to identify thoughts, feelings, and behaviors which are not considered abusive (Study 1), appear before abuse occurs in relationships (Study 2), and predict abuse (Studies 3 and 4). Study 1 distinguished potential warning signs of abuse from abusive behaviors using the ratings of professionals with experience in IPV. Study 2 established a timeline of when violent behaviors and possible …

Investigating Nonverbal Strategies To Support Communication With Persons Living With Dementia, Emma Bender

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Many persons living with dementia experience difficulties comprehending language and benefit from nonverbal communication (NVC). This research aimed to identify potential strategies for nonverbal behaviour adaptation to enhance communication with persons living with dementia, based on the Communication Enhancement Model. Studies included a scoping review of NVC strategies for caregivers with persons living with dementia and an analysis of whether NVC strategies used by personal support workers (PSW) co-occurred with verbal communication demonstrating person-centered indicators (recognition, negotiation, validation and facilitation). Video-recorded interactions (n=40) between PSW and simulated persons living with dementia were analysed using a codebook of NVC strategies (facial …

Essays On The All-Pay Auction, Henk Schouten

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Three all-pay auction models are examined. The first is a symmetric two-player binary-signal all-pay auction with correlated signals and interdependent valuations. The first chapter provides a complete characterization of each form of equilibrium and gives conditions for their existence. The main finding is that there generically exists a unique equilibrium. The unique equilibrium can only be one of four forms of equilibria. I apply my all-pay auction model to elections, where a candidate that receives good news from the polls behaves in a rationally overconfident manner and reduces her equilibrium effort. Consequently, the other candidate can win the election in …

Understanding And Preventing Suicide Terrorism, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

The January 6, 2021, Capitol riot, driven by President Donald Trump’s supporters, highlighted severe vulnerabilities in democratic institutions and terrorism prevention. Ashli E. Babbitt, a rioter with military experience, became a martyr for far-right groups despite her personal struggles. The riot underscores the growing threat of domestic terrorism, with potential future attacks requiring robust prevention strategies. While social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook attempted to curb extremist rhetoric, broader measures are needed to address “lone wolf” terrorists. Current and past cases, from the Oklahoma City bombing to failed plots like the Michigan governor kidnapping, reveal the complexity of preventing …

Dental Health In The Aqllakuna From Farfán (Peru): A New Perspective On An Inca Female Institution (Ca. 1470-1532 A.D.) Using Micro-Ct And Histological Analysis, Émy Roberge

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This research aims to explore the lifeways of an underrepresented subgroup of females while reducing the use of destructive methods in bioarchaeology. The excavation of Farfán on the North Coast of Peru revealed a rare aqlla cemetery from the Late Horizon (1470-1532 A.D.). The aqlla was an Inca religious institution where young females were sequestered to brew chicha and weave in their aqllawasi. According to ethnohistorical sources, these “Chosen Women” were expected to represent a homogenous and advantaged subset of the population. This hypothesis is assessed by comparing their dental lesions to the general population using macroscopy, micro-CT, and …

New And Transferable Digital Skills In The Era Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: Mobilizing Social Support, Molly-Gloria Harper, Anabel Quan-Haase, William Hollingshead

Sociology Presentations

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global crisis that has had profound impacts on people’s lives. Under these circumstances, social support can buffer against pandemic-related stress. Yet, the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic with its stringent health guidelines have created unique challenges to the mobilization of social support. These challenges particularly affect vulnerable groups with limited digital life skills. Based on a qualitative study of 101 semi-structured interviews with East York residents in Toronto, Canada conducted in 2013–2014, we investigate what new and transferable digital life skills are needed in the pre- and post-pandemic era to mobilize social support. Our …

Essays On Market Design And Auctions, Mingshi Kang

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

My thesis consists of three chapters that contribute to redistribution-driven market design and sponsored link auctions.

Chapter 2 and 3 (co-authored with Charles Zheng) study redistribution-driven market design with endogenous buyers and sellers. In Chapter 2, we consider a large market environment with each individual endowed with equal shares of a limited resources and allowed to buy or sell the shares. We characterize the interim (incentive-constrained) Pareto frontier subject to market clearance and budget balance, and find that at most two prices are needed to attain any (interim) Pareto optimum. Under robust conditions of the primitives, the Pareto optimal allocation …

Gendered Language And Entrepreneurial Joiners, Mihwa Seong

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This dissertation explores the impact of gendered language in start-up job advertisements on the perceived attractiveness of start-ups among individuals (‘joiners’) interested in working for new firms. While entrepreneurship research has established the prominent role of entrepreneurial joiners in start-ups and the importance of building a gender-diverse team, we know relatively less about how start-ups can attract more women joiners. This dissertation seeks to investigate whether women’s ratings of the attractiveness of joining start-ups increases significantly when start-ups use more feminine language in place of male-centric gendered language. Compared to men, I theorize that women are more sensitive to the …

An Open Access Resource For Functional Brain Connectivity From Fully Awake Marmosets, David J. Schaeffer, L Martyn Klassen, Yuki Hori, Xiaoguang Tian, Diego Szczupak, Cecil Chern-Chyi Yen, Justine C. Cléry, Kyle M. Gilbert, Joseph S. Gati, Ravi S. Menon, Cirong Liu, Stefan Everling, Afonso C. Silva

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is quickly gaining traction as a premier neuroscientific model. However, considerable progress is still needed in understanding the functional and structural organization of the marmoset brain to rival that documented in longstanding preclinical model species, like mice, rats, and Old World primates. To accelerate such progress, we present the Marmoset Functional Brain Connectivity Resource (marmosetbrainconnectome.org), currently consisting of over 70 h of resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) data acquired at 500 µm isotropic resolution from 31 fully awake marmosets in a common stereotactic space. Three-dimensional functional connectivity (FC) maps for every cortical and subcortical gray matter voxel …

Early Gaze Behaviours In Infants At High Familial Risk For Autism Spectrum Disorder: Association With Brain Development, Julia Teixeira Pinto Montenegro

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show impairments in gaze-following and will seldom engage in joint attention (JA). The ability to initiate JA (IJA) can be more impaired than the ability to respond to JA (RJA). In a longitudinal study, 101 high-risk infants for ASD (62% males) completed MRI scans at 4 or 6 months of age. Subcortical volumes (thalamus, basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala) were extracted. Gaze and JA behaviours were assessed with standardized measures. The majority of infants were IJA non-responders (n=93, 92%), and over half were RJA non-responders (n=50, 52%). In the non-responder groups, models testing the …