The Athletic Body: Eating Disorders In Canadian Sport History, Kimberly Callander

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

Eating disorders in Canadian sport are and have been an ongoing issue for some time. In recent years, more research and education programs directed at athletes and their peers have been implemented. However, the topic has never been subjected to thorough historical analysis, specifically in Canadian history. The purpose of this research was to gain a complete understanding of sport-related eating disorder development in Canada.

To construct a social history analysis of eating disorders in Canadian sport, the exploration of Canadian policy statements, archived media sources, general history of eating disorders, and autobiographical accounts by Canadian athletes was conducted. The …

Modeling Weather Vulnerability Dynamically: Applications Of Multiple Linear Regression To Weather Index Microinsurance, Sophie Wu

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

This paper offers a broad overview of the philanthropic goals of microinsurance — namely, to provide vulnerable populations with more self-sufficient and sustainable methods of coping with risk — and through this lens, analyses the applications of multiple linear regression in developing dynamic models for microinsurance. We explain the foundations of MLR (multiple linear regression), and then give two examples for how a simple multiple linear regression model can be adapted with a novel outcome variable (famine) and dependent variables (climate change related costs). Overall, a better understanding of MLR can lend to a better understanding of how microinsurance can …

Does Aberrant Connectivity Underlie The Experience Of Misophonia?, Kate Raymond

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Misophonia is a condition characterized by an extreme aversion to certain ordinary sounds, such as chewing or breathing. These sounds are typically innocuous but elicit strong feelings of anger, anxiety, and disgust as well as physiological stress in people with misophonia. This misophonic reaction to “trigger” sounds is also marked by increased activity in regions of the brain that process sound, ascribe salience, and regulate emotion (Kumar et al., 2017; Schroder et al., 2019). It has therefore been theorized that aberrant connectivity between these brain regions (particularly the anterior insula, auditory cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus) may underlie the experience of …

'The Memory Of All That': The Effects Of Music On Paradoxical Lucidity In Older Adults, Sarah Klapman

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Some individuals with dementia experience unexplained periods of improved cognition in response to music. We examined the effects of music tempo and familiarity on a cognitively demanding task to replicate this improvement. We had 37 healthy older adults (21 females, mean age 67.5, SD = 5.49) complete a divergent thinking task before and after listening to a 25-minute personalized playlist. Playlists contained music that was either familiar or unfamiliar and either fast or slow. We expected participants in the familiar and fast conditions to score significantly better on the task after listening than those in the unfamiliar and slow conditions, …

Students Adrift: An Examination Of School Disengagement Among Clinically Referred Children And Youth, Janell A. Klassen

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

School disengagement is a significant problem experienced by many students and may be an indicator of or resultant from underlying difficulties. Indeed, the first onset of mental health difficulties typically occurs during childhood and adolescence. Utilizing large clinically referred samples of elementary and secondary school students at intake into community and inpatient mental health service agencies across the Province of Ontario, Canada, school disengagement was explored as associated with physical and mental health as well as peer and familial relationships, other and self-directed harm, and service intensity need. Age and sex differences were explored across studies to inform the development …

Audiovisual Integration In Cochlear Implant Users And Typical Hearing Controls: A Study Of Group Differences In Syllable Perception And Effect Of Asynchrony On Speech Intelligibility, Cailey A. Salagovic

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This study examined audiovisual integration in cochlear implant (CI) users compared to typical (acoustic) hearing control participants and investigated the effect of audiovisual temporal asynchrony on speech intelligibility across these groups. Additionally, this study evaluated the utility of online data collection for audiovisual perception research. In Experiment 1, CI users were found to integrate audiovisual syllables comparably to controls as demonstrated by perception of the McGurk illusion. However, group differences were revealed in the processing of the unisensory components and underlying distributions of responses to incongruent audiovisual trials when the illusory fusion syllable was not reported. In Experiment 2, intelligibility …

Virtual Support And Intimate Partner Violence (Ipv): A Knowledge Synthesis Report, Stephanie Baird, Sarah Tarshis, Michaeline Falla, Catherine Messenger

Social Work

No abstract provided.

Reframing Behaviour To Foster Safe And Supporting Schools, Shannon L. Cassidy-Rouleau

The Dissertation in Practice at Western University

This Organizational Improvement Plan (OIP) examines educator support to students who present with chronically challenging behaviours. Educators are experiencing an increase in the frequency and severity of interfering student behaviours affecting classroom learning, school climate, and educator mental well-being (RRDSB, 2018a, 2019b; Santor et al., 2019). Educators frequently disengage from these students and their discipline is managed by administration (RRDSB, 2019b). These students, often already members of marginalized communities (Bailey, 2015), are further marginalized by the use of exclusionary, punitive measures. This mandates a social justice framework that benefits from the moral dialogue evoked by transformative leadership (Shields, 2018). In …

Why Buffer Zones Could Combat The Ongoing War In Afghanistan, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

Amidst escalating conflict in Afghanistan, there's a growing call for buffer zones or Zones of Peace (ZoPs). These would be safe areas around key cities to protect civilians and promote stability amid ongoing violence. The idea is to create safe havens, truce corridors, and temporary lifelines managed by neutral parties like the United Nations.

Buffer zones draw on past successes and aim to provide refuge, aid, and a chance for peace amidst the turmoil. They could help mitigate humanitarian crises and support local communities, showing potential for easing tensions and fostering stability in Afghanistan.

Likelihood And Familiarity In The Simulation Of Future Events, Claudia Morales Valiente

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Episodic future thinking is the ability to project the self forward in time to pre-experience an event (Atance & O’Neill, 2001). Understanding how people think about potential future events is an important component of human memory research. We investigated whether and how episodic future thinking is influenced by a person's belief of the likelihood of its future occurrence in their lives, as well as a person's familiarity with that type of event based on their past experience. The combined and individual effects of these variables have been minimally studied, particularly likelihood. We used three norming studies to develop participant-specific sets …

Commemorating The Hiroshima-Nagasaki Bombings And A Call For Nuclear Disarmament, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

This year marks 76 years since atomic bombs devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki, highlighting the tragic impact on civilians. Debates continue on their role in Japan's surrender. The International Court of Justice urges global nuclear disarmament. Canadian groups like CNANW and CPRA push for disarmament amid ongoing modernization of nuclear arsenals. They call on Canada to prioritize disarmament, join treaties like the TPNW, and lead within NATO for a nuclear-free world. They stress the need for a strong security framework to prevent nuclear threats, inspired by survivors like Setsuko Thurlow.

Exploiting Semantic Similarity Between Citation Contexts For Direct Citation Weighting And Residual Citation, Toluwase Victor Asubiaro

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This study used the semantic similarity between citation contexts to develop one scheme for weighting direct citations, and another scheme for allocating residual citations to a publication from its nth citation generation level publication. A relationship between the new direct citation weighting scheme and each of five existing schemes was investigated while the new residual citation scheme was compared with the cascading citation scheme. Two datasets from biomedical publications were used for this study, one each for the direct and residual citation weighting aspects of the study. The sample for the direct citation aspect contained 100 publications that received 7317 …

Quebec’S Uninhabitable Community: Identity And Community Among Anglo-Quebecer Out-Migrants, Evan A. Mardell

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

How do Anglo-Quebecers who have migrated to Ontario in the past 45 years perceive and negotiate their identity in relation to Quebec? Since 1971, 600 000 anglophones have left Quebec for other parts of Canada. This out-migration coincided with political tensions that influenced a complete economic and linguistic shift in power from English to French. The symbolic and literal reclamation of Quebec as a French province set the conditions for the partial erasure of the Quebec anglophone (Anglo-Quebecer) community and sense of identity. From a series of semi-structured interviews with anglophones who left Quebec within the past 45 years, I …

Absent And Present: The Mental Health And Wellness Of Ontario Teacher Leaders Using A Catholic Social Justice Approach, Jennifer C. Wojcik

The Dissertation in Practice at Western University

Abstract

The purpose of this Organizational Improvement Plan (OIP) is to present a Problem of Practice (PoP) at Trinity Forever Catholic School (pseudonym: TFCS). This is the limited focus on teacher-leader mental health and wellness (MhW) stemming from a lack of resource organization by school and board leadership levels. Current MhW resources are not focussed on the health and well-being of educators. It is necessary to navigate resources that minister to the common good and dignity of all teacher-leaders. This exercise is important to the work of a teacher-leader who is serving TFCS under long-standing conditions that impair MhW. Catholic …

The Physical Properties Of Volcanic And Impact Melt, Gavin Douglas Tolometti

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The emplacement mechanisms of lunar impact melt flows, that form from hypervelocity impact events, have been a subject of debate in the lunar science community, because of their unique physical properties that separate them from other geologic features. Understanding how lunar impact melt flows were emplaced on the surface of the Moon will not only grant us new information about the flow dynamics of impact melt but provide insight into the production and distribution of impact melt and how it built and modified the surfaces of planetary surfaces.

Lunar impact melt flows exhibit surface roughness textures and morphologies that are …

How Affective Displaysand Self-Construal Impact Consumers’ Generosity, Rhiannon Macdonnell, Bonnie Simpson

Management and Organizational Studies Publications

Nonprofit brands vary widely in their positioning to consumers, ranging from crisis and desperation, to joy and optimism.The literature, however, provides limiteddirection for the many nonprofit organizations that seek to align their brand with positive emotions. Herein, we examine the relationship between affective displays (sad vs. happy) portrayed in charitable advertisements and consumer self-construal in shaping consumer generosity.We employ one field study (study 1) and one lab experiment (study 2), using different charitable causes (i.e., Kiva.org[study 1] and a fictitious children’s cancer charity [study 2]) and currencies (i.e., lending money [study 1] and volunteering time [study 2]).Taken together, we find …

Political Taste: Exploring How Perception Of Bitter Substances May Reveal Risk Tolerance And Political Preferences, Amanda Friesen

Political Science Publications

Risk is endemic to the political arena and influences citizen engagement. We explore this connection by suggesting that risk-taking may be biologically instantiated in sensory systems. With specific attention to gender and gender identity, we investigate the connections between self-reported bitter taste reception, risk tolerance, and both of their associations with political participation. In three U.S. samples collected in 2019 and 2020, participants were asked to rate their preferences from lists of foods as well as whether they detected the taste of the substance N-Propylthiouracil (PROP) and, if so, the strength of the taste. In this registered report, we find …

Municipal Property Taxation In Law And Practice: A Descriptive Comparative Study Between Alberta And Ontario, Arben Buzuku

MPA Major Research Papers

Municipal property tax is one of the most important revenue sources for most local governments across the world. The extent to which local governments have control over property taxes is a critical factor – it determines the local revenues in relation with expenditures of services as well as their equity and fairness in relation to taxpayers. In Canada, provincial legislation governs property taxation. As result, municipal autonomy in setting property taxation varies depending on the province. This paper provides a descriptive comparative research of legal aspects of municipal property taxation in 10 mid-size municipalities in Alberta and Ontario. The study …

Cognitive Neuroscience Of Schizophrenia: Stochastic Modelling Of Cognitive-Process Latencies And Nonlinear Dynamics Of Neuro-Signals, Colleen D. Cutler

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

We study known and potential numerical earmarks of schizophrenia through mathematical methods. One known numerical characteristic of schizophrenia is that of prolonged encoding latencies in response to cognitive stimuli. Motivated by the need to explain interaction patterns in 2 x 2 factorial data where one factor is encoding load and the other is diagnostic status, we define a class of general serial mixture models based on the number of encoding subprocesses executed and the speed at which they are executed. Mathematical derivations performed on these models yield closed form expressions for the mean encoding latency and average intertrial variance, which …

Indigenous Language Revitalization Efforts In Canada During Covid-19: Facilitating And Maintaining Connections Using Digital Technologies, Laura Gallant

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis explores how people involved in Indigenous language revitalization efforts in Canada have responded and adapted to the constraints of the COVID-19 pandemic from March to November 2020. Through virtual interviews, an online survey, an analysis of tweets about Indigenous language revitalization in Canada, and observations of webinars among people involved in language work, this research focuses on how people have adjusted and accelerated their Indigenous language activities during a prolonged period of social isolation. Genocidal policies and practices continue to reproduce inequities for Indigenous peoples and are affecting those involved in Indigenous language work during COVID. This thesis …

Nature, Nurture, Or Both? Study Of Sex And Gender And Their Effects On Pain, Maryam Ghodrati

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

As a pain researcher, in order to have a better understanding of pain, we should adopt a multidimensional view, such as the biopsychosocial (BPS) model and consider physical, psychological, and social elements altogether. The studies in this dissertation are part of the bigger project of SYMBIOME in which the aim is to help to create and develop a prognostic clinical phenotype in people post musculoskeletal (MSK) trauma. Chapter 2 presents a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in order to assess the structural validity of the first section of the new Gender Pain and Expectation Scale (GPES). Our analysis indicated a 3-factor …

Trends In Mental Health Service Use Among Youth And Emerging Adults In Canada, Thipiga Sivayoganathan

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Mental disorders among youth (age 12 to 17) and emerging adults (18 to 24) in Canada are common, but few receive mental health (MH) services. We examined trends in patterns and predictors of MH service use in this population. Secondary data analyses were conducted on six cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (2011 to 2016). From 2011 to 2016, the prevalence of MH service use increased by 4.3%. In 2016, 85.1% of those with poor self-rated MH accessed services, greater than in previous years; however, this subgroup represents only 1% of the total population. Psychiatrists had the largest provider …

More Than Just Shying Away From Conflict: The Relationship Between Social Anxiety And Workplace Incivility, Jocelyn Brown

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

For individuals who experience social anxiety, the workplace presents unique obstacles as they fear the social interactions. In particular, these individuals may struggle with workplace incivility. This study used questionnaires and vignettes to determine if the severity of social anxiety is related to heightened reports of social anxiety in their own workplace as well as increased negative valance associated with incivility events. In addition, the influence of various forms of self-efficacy and social support at work was measured. It was found that social anxiety increased reports of incivility at work. Self-efficacy had a nonsignificant influence and social support at work …

Visual Perception In Hearing Sign Language Users, Jessica M. Lammert

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Deaf signers exhibit superior visual perception compared to hearing controls in several domains, including the perception of faces and peripheral motion. These visual enhancements are thought to compensate for an absence of auditory input. However, it is also possible that they reflect experience using a visual-manual language, where signers must process complex moving hand signs and facial cues simultaneously. Thus, the current study sought to isolate the effects of sign language experience by examining how visual perception is altered as a function of American Sign Language (ASL) proficiency in hearing individuals. Hearing signers completed an online test of ASL proficiency …

Political Perceptions Of Modern Quantitative Easing A Qualitative Study Examining The Relationships Between Political Affiliation, The Perceived Institutional Legitimacy Of Central Banks, And Monetary Policy, Patrick Doodnauth Persaud

MA Major Research Papers

The variety of policy and philosophical positions that exist with respect to the legitimacy and functionality of central banking is vast, and this paper aims to address how these positions align with the traditional notions of the ‘left-right’ political spectrum. This research project aims to create a typology of monetary policy and central bank philosophies based on political ideology. The project will attempt to identify group differences in the perception of central bank legitimacy, central bank functionality, monetary policy, and the role of central banks in broader society.

The Relationship Between Neighbourhood-Level And Family-Level Factors And Sleep Problems Among Children And Youth, Katarina Mckenzie

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

There is little research on the effects of neighbourhood factors on child sleep outcomes. No study to date has investigated the interactive effects of neighbourhood and family socio-economic characteristics (SECs) on child sleep outcomes. This study aimed to fill this gap. Secondary data analyses were completed on two samples (children and youth) from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study, a cross-sectional, province-wide sample of 10,802 children aged 4 to 17. Multi-level modeling was used to assess the relationship between child- (e.g., age), family- (e.g., negative parenting) and neighbourhood-level factors and their relationship to sleep outcome variables: problems falling asleep, problems …

On The Estimation Of Heston-Nandi Garch Using Returns And/Or Options: A Simulation-Based Approach, Xize Ye

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

In this thesis, the Heston-Nandi GARCH(1,1) (henceforth, HN-GARCH) option pricing model is fitted via 4 maximum likelihood-based estimation and calibration approaches using simulated returns and/or options. The purpose is to examine the benefits of the joint estimation using both returns and options over the fundamental returns-only estimation on GARCH models. From our empirical studies, with the additional option sample, we can improve the efficiency of the estimates for HN-GARCH parameters. Nonetheless, the improvements for the risk premium factor, both from empirical standard errors, and sample RMSEs, are insignificant. In addition, option prices are simulated with a pre-defined noise structure and …

The Mobility Of Experiential Learning Pedagogy: Transferring Ideas And Practices From A Large- To A Small-Campus Setting, Roza Tchoukaleyska, Ken Carter, Emily Dluginski, Marilyn Forward, Andrew King, Olivia Leblanc, Christopher Ratcliffe

Geography & Environment Publications

In this article, we examine the development of a new, experiential learning human geography and planning course at a smaller campus in Newfoundland, Canada. Our interest is twofold: to consider how pedagogical approaches can be transferred between a large urban campus and a small-town location; and to examine the benefits and complications of such transfers through a reflective examination of the resulting experiential learning program. The article captures the experiences of students, faculty, and university engagement staff in the deployment of the course. From these perspectives, we situate the decision to transfer an existing program across universities, the nuances of …

Individual Differences And Social-Comparative Feedback, Kabir N. Daljeet

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The purpose of the overall program of research was to investigate whether there are individual differences that facilitate the acceptance of, or preferences for, social-comparative performance feedback. In doing so, we aimed to establish how individual differences could be leveraged to mitigate the negative reactions that some individuals experience in response to social-comparative feedback (Feeney, Goffin, & Schneider, 2016; Roch et al., 2007). Likewise, we sought to determine whether individual differences were associated with a preference for social-comparative feedback. The results of the first study (N = 255) advanced a novel experimental design and found that, with limited exception, …

Testing Competing Mediation Models Of The Effects Of Weight Bias Internalization And Weight Suppression On Disordered Eating In Young Adults, Samantha J. Withnell

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The current study investigated a novel theoretical model of longitudinal relations between weight bias internalization (WBI), weight suppression, and disordered eating. Undergraduate students (N = 787) completed surveys at three time points. Path analysis was used to test competing models representing the temporal order of effects between WBI and weight suppression on disordered eating symptoms. Neither pathway was supported by the data, indicating that WBI and weight suppression were not related over time. However, results supported distinct effects of WBI versus weight suppression on the prediction of overall disordered eating, binge eating, and body dissatisfaction over six-month follow up. …