Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Methods Of Vacuum Consolidation And Their Deformation Analyses, Jin-Chun Chai, John Philip Carter, M D. Liu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Two methods, namely the air-tight sheet method and the vacuum-drain method (sheetless), are generally used to conduct vacuum consolidation in the field. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods and the techniques for preventing vacuum leakage through a middle sand layer in a deposit, as well as the method for maintaining vacuum pressure when large settlement occurs, have been described. Vacuum pressure is an isotropic consolidation pressure applied to a soil deposit, and the deformation induced is different from that induced by a surcharge (e.g. the weight of an embankment). Two typical case histories in Japan are presented and deformation …

Anonymous Broadcast Encryption With An Untrusted Gateway, Hui Cui, Yi Mu, Man Ho Au

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

We propose a verifiable and anonymous broadcast encryption scheme, where an 'untrusted' gateway can verify incoming communication flows to ensure only the intended anonymous receivers in the target domain can receive them. This scenario is interesting while the privacy of receivers should be considered. The difficulty in this setting is how to achieve both confidentiality of the message and anonymity of receivers during the gateway verification. To achieve this goal, we introduce a new notion of encrypted identity search, which allows the gateway blindly verifies the incoming traffic. Our scheme captures security properties: confidentiality and anonymity against dishonest gateway, corrupted …

Generation Alpha At The Intersection Of Technology, Play And Motivation, Holly Tootell, Mark Freeman, Alison E. Freeman

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper considers the intersection of technology and play through the novel approach of gamification and its application to early years education. The intrinsic connection between play and technology is becoming increasingly significant in early years education. By creating an awareness of the early years adoption of technology into guiding frameworks, and then exploring the makeup of gaming elements, this paper draws connections for guiding principles in adopting more technology-focused play opportunities for Generation Alpha.

Effects Of Annealing On Microstructure And Microstrength Of Metallurgical Coke, Xing Xing, Guangqing Zhang, Harold Rogers, Paul Zulli, Oleg Ostrovski

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Two metallurgical cokes were heat treated at 1673 K to 2273 K (1400 degrees celsius to 2000 degrees celsius) in a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and microstrength of metallurgical cokes was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and ultramicroindentation. In the process of heat treatment, the microstructure of the metallurgical cokes transformed toward the graphite structure. Raman spectroscopy of reactive maceral-derived component (RMDC) and inert maceral-derived component (IMDC) indicated that the graphitisation degree of the RMDC was slightly lower than that of the IMDC in the original cokes; however graphitisation of the RMDC progressed …

Enhancement Of Removal Of Trace Organic Contaminants By Powdered Activated Carbon Dosing Into Membrane Bioreactors, Ngoc Luong Nguyen, Faisal Ibney Hai, Long Nghiem, Jinguo Kang, William Price, Chul Park, Kazuo Yamamoto

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This study compared the removal efficiency of 22 widespread trace organic contaminants by a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) with and without direct addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) into the activated sludge reactor over a period of 312 days. The removal of hydrophilic and biologically persistent trace organic contaminants was immediately improved to above 95% after the addition of PAC into MBR. However, a compound-specific gradual decrease in removal underscored the requirement for the addition of fresh PAC. Adsorption onto PAC-added sludge appeared to play a significant role in the relatively more effective aqueous phase removal of a few resistant …

Photonic Aharonov-Bohm Effect In Photon-Phonon Interactions, Enbang Li, Benjamin J. Eggleton, Kejie Fang, Shanhui Fan

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The Aharonov-Bohm effect is one of the most intriguing phenomena in both classical and quantum physics, and associates with a number of important and fundamental issues in quantum mechanics. The Aharonov-Bohm effects of charged particles have been experimentally demonstrated and found applications in various fields. Recently, attention has also focused on the Aharonov-Bohm effect for neutral particles, such as photons. Here we propose to utilize the photon-phonon interactions to demonstrate that photonic Aharonov-Bohm effects do exist for photons. By introducing nonreciprocal phases for photons, we observe experimentally a gauge potential for photons in the visible range based on the photon-phonon …

Why The Observed Turbulence Intensities In Non-Uniform Flow Deviate From Those In Uniform Flow?, Ishraq Alfadhli, Shu-Qing Yang, Muttucumaru Sivakumar

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This study investigates a method to predict the horizontal/vertical turbulence intensiities distribution in steady non-uniform flow. It deals with the deviation of these turbulence characteristics from the unifrom flow distribution. The empirical results show that the flow acceleration causes the deviation of turbulence intensities from the standard linear distrubtion. By connecting the flow acceleration with turbulence intensities, the study demonstrates empirically that the linear distrubtion of turbulence intensities can be observed when the flow acceleration is zero; the concave distribution of these characteristics can be observed when the flow acceleration is negative or when the flow velocity is decreased along …

A Comparison Of Coordinate Systems For Use In Determining A Radiotherapy Delineation Margin For Whole Breast, Elise Pogson, Lauren Bell, Vikneswary Batumalai, Eng-Siew Koh, Geoff Delaney, Peter E. Metcalfe, Lois Holloway

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Cartesian co-ordinates, traditionally used for radiotherapy margins, calculated at 6 points, may not adequately represent changes in inter-observer contour variation as necessary to define a delineation margin. As a first step, this study compared the standard deviation (SD) in contour delineation using Polar and Cartesian co-ordinates for whole breast. Whole breast Clinical Target Volumes (CTV) were delineated by eight observers for 9 patients. The SD of contour position was determined for Polar co-ordinates at 1 degree increments for 5 slices and averaged across all patients. The mean centre of mass (COM) was used as the origin for the right breast, …

A Variable Stiffness And Damping Suspension System For Trains, Shuaishuai Sun, Huaxia Deng, Weihua Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

As the vibration of high speed train becomes fierce when the train runs at high speed, it is crucial to develop a novel suspension system to negotiate train’s vibration. This paper presents a novel suspension based on Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) damper and MRF based smart air spring. The MRF damper is used to generate variable damping while the smart air spring is used to generate field-dependent stiffness. In this paper, the two kind smart devices, MRF dampers and smart air spring, are developed firstly. Then the dynamic performances of these two devices are tested by MTS. Based on the testing …

Asymmetric Stochastic User Equilibrium Problem With Elastic Demand And Link Capacity Constraints, Qiang Meng, Zhiyuan Liu, Shuaian Wang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper focuses on model development and algorithm design for the general stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) problem with elastic demand, asymmetric link travel time functions and link capacity constraints. It first defines the generalised SUE conditions using generalised link travel time. An equivalent variational inequality (VI) model for these generalised SUE conditions is then developed and it is rigorously proven to be monotone and uniform Lipschitzcontinuous. These two properties of the proposed VI model ensure the global convergence of the self-adaptive prediction–correction algorithm incorporating cost averaging method as a solution algorithm. Finally, a numerical example is utilised to assess the …

Benchmarking And Validation Of A Geant4-Shadow Monte Carlo Simulation For Dose Calculations In Microbeam Radiation Therapy, Iwan Cornelius, Susanna Guatelli, Pauline Fournier, Jeffrey C. Crosbie, Manuel Sanchez Del Rio, Elke Brauer-Krisch, Anatoly Rosenfeld, Michael Lf Lerch

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a synchrotron-based radiotherapy modality that uses high-intensity beams of spatially fractionated radiation to treat tumours. The rapid evolution of MRT towards clinical trials demands accurate treatment planning systems (TPS), as well as independent tools for the verification of TPS calculated dose distributions in order to ensure patient safety and treatment efficacy. Monte Carlo computer simulation represents the most accurate method of dose calculation in patient geometries and is best suited for the purpose of TPS verification. A Monte Carlo model of the ID17 biomedical beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility has been developed, including …

Electro-Mechanical Modelling And Identification Of Electroactive Polymer Actuators As Smart Robotic Manipulators, Rahim Mutlu, Gursel Alici, Xingcan Xiang, Weihua Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators, also known as artificial muscles, have remarkable properties such as low energy consumption, low weight, low actuation foot-print, compliance and bio-compatibility. Several methodologies have been proposed to model and analyse their quasi-static bending behaviour with negligible attention paid to their dynamic behaviour. We, therefore, report on an enhanced methodology to model their highly non-linear bending behaviour by treating them as smart and soft robotic manipulators. The methodology consists of an inverse kinematic model and a dynamic model. The proposed methodology accurately estimates the EAP actuator's whole shape deflection using optimization-based inverse kinematic solutions integrated with an …

A Hybrid Feature Extraction Technique For Face Recognition, Qasim Alshebani, Prashan Premarante, Peter James Vial

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The accuracy of any face recognition is important for many military and civilian real time applications. Based on current literature it has been proven that, the accuracy of a face recognition system can be extremely improved using a hybrid feature extraction technique. This paper presents a hybrid feature extraction technique to obtain high level of recognition accuracy. The facial topographical features are extracted using manual segmentation of facial regions of eyes, nose and mouth. The Gabor transform of the maximum of these regions are then extracted to calculate the local representations of these regions. In the classification stage, the Nearest …

N-Nitrosamine Rejection By Reverse Osmosis: Effects Of Membrane Exposure To Chemical Cleaning Reagents, Takahiro Fujioka, Stuart Khan, James Mcdonald, Annalie Roux, Yvan Poussade, Jorg Drewes, Long Nghiem

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Niobium Clustering And Precipitation On Strength Of A Nbti-Microalloyed Ferritic Steel, Andrii Kostryzhev, Abdullah Alshahrani, Chen Zhu, Julie Cairney, Simon Peter Ringer, Chris Killmore, E V. Pereloma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The microstructure-property relationship of an NbTi-microalloyed ferritic steel was studied as a function of thermo-mechanical schedule using Gleeble 3500 simulator, optical and scanning electron microscope, and atom probe tomography.

Closed-Orbit Dependence On The Field Direction In The Anisotropic Diamagnetic Kepler Problem, A Bruno-Alfonso, Colin Bleasdale, Gustavo Alvarez, R A. Lewis

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The classical orbits of an electron with anisotropic mass interacting with a Coulomb center in the presence of a magnetic field are investigated. It is shown that the shape and duration of the closed orbits depend on the magnetic-field direction. Reasonable agreement with available experimental results for donor-doped silicon samples in a magnetic field is found, when the energy value of the conduction electron is appropriately chosen.

Mean Curvature Flow Of Entire Graphs In A Half-Space With A Free Boundary, V.-M Wheeler

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

We study the mean curvature flow of graphs with prescribed contact angle on a fixed, smooth hyperplane in Euclidean space. We obtain long time existence and convergence to a self similar solution of the mean curvature flow orthogonal to the fixed hyperplane.

Attribute-Based Optimistic Fair Exchange: How To Restrict Brokers With Policies, Yang Wang, Man Ho Allen Au, Willy Susilo

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Optimistic fair exchange (OFE) is a kind of protocols for solving the fair exchange problem between two participants with the help of an arbitrator that only needs to be involved when dispute occurs. As far as we are concerned, all previous work on OFE does not take into account user's attributes such as nationality and age. We identify that in some applications, the attributes could play an important role in the exchange to take place, and OFE may not be suitable to these scenarios. We introduce a new notion named attribute-based optimistic fair exchange (ABOFE) to solve the fair exchange …

Optimization And Application Of Process Parameters In An Az61 Alloy Twin-Roll Strip Casting, Jintao Li, Guangming Xu, Hailiang Yu, Lihong Su, Guanyu Deng, Cheng Lu, Lizi He, Huijun Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Twin-roll strip casting is a concerned technology for economically producing magnesium alloys sheets. In this paper, numerical simulation of the twin-roll strip casting of an AZ61 magnesium alloy was carried out and the optimal process parameters were obtained. Then, under the conditions obtained through simulation, AZ61 strips of good surface quality were successfully manufactured. The microstructure of the alloy by twin-rolled strip casting is obvious refined compared with that by conventional casting.

A New Empirical Model For Shear Strength Of Reinforced Concrete Beam - Column Connections, Tung Tran, Muhammad N. S Hadi, Thong M. Pham

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

A new empirical model to estimate the joint shear strength of both exterior and interior beam-column connections is proposed. In the model, four parameters that have the most influence on joint shear strength are considered. Among these four, a new parameter is introduced to consider the bond condition and the possibility of beam bars transferring joint shear force into the columns. Consideration of this parameter in the model significantly improves the accuracy of the predicted joint shear strength. To calibrate the model, a large database of 98 reinforced concrete (RC) exterior and 73 RC interior beam-column connections displaying joint failure …

Impacts Of Pheromone Modification Strategies In Ant Colony For Data-Intensive Service Provision, Lijuan Wang, Jun Shen, Junzhou Luo

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In the provision of dynamic data-intensive services, the cost and response time of data sets as well as the states of services may change over time. An ant colony system for this problem is studied in this paper. Specifically, we consider changing the QoS attributes of services and replacing a certain number of services with new ones at different frequencies. In order to adapt the ant colony system to handle the dynamic scenarios, several pheromone modification strategies in reaction to changes of the optimization scenarios are investigated. The aim of the strategies is to find a balance between preserving enough …

A Review Of Technical Challenges In Planning And Operation Of Remote Area Power Supply Systems, Yingjie Tan, Lasantha Meegahapola, Kashem M. Muttaqi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Remote area power supply (RAPS) systems are being used for many years to supply power to rural or remote communities where the utility grid is not accessible. In order to avoid the high operating cost and environmental impact caused by conventional generators, renewable energy resources are currently being utilised in RAPS systems. However, the intermittency of such renewable energy resources greatly impacts on planning and operation of RAPS systems. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review with regard to the RAPS system planning and operation techniques published in the literature. This paper summarises different modelling approaches associated with the …

The Budget Will Be Big On Infrastructure But We Need More Than Just Roads, Garry Bowditch

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The Abbott government is preparing to give Sydney's WestConnex road project a A$2 billion boost in this week's federal budget, part of a broader $10 billion infrastructure package aimed at boosting productivity and private sector investment. Congestion in Sydney continues to escalate with gridlock on roads impacting passenger and freight logistics. The persistence of this situation reflects poorly on project selection and asset management processes, along with distortions that have arisen from poor interactions between the Commonwealth and the states. Reform is urgently needed where there is less focus on ribbon cutting and more use of well-targeted "pinch point" interventions. …

Thermodynamic Considerations Of The Corrosion Of Nickel Ferrite Refractory By Na3alf6-Alf3-Caf2-Al 2o3 Bath, Raymond Longbottom, Sharon Nightingale, Brian Monaghan

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Thermodynamic analysis was carried out to interpret the results of corrosion testing of nickel ferrite samples in cryolite-based baths. The equilibrium between cryolite-based baths and nickel ferrite was considered. Isopleths between cryolite-based baths and nickel ferrite confirmed that for the temperature range of interest (1223-1273 K) there was limited solubility of nickel ferrite in the bath. To better understand the formation of the metal from nickel ferrite, the effect of reducing potentials on nickel ferrite and nickel ferrite-cryolite-based bath systems were considered. The formation of a metal phase was predicted at relatively high pO2. The metal phase was nickel-rich at …

Effect Of Directional Solidification Rate On The Microstructure And Properties Of Deformation-Processed Cu-7cr-0.1ag In Situ Composites, Keming Liu, Zhengyi Jiang, Jingwei Zhao, Jin Zou, Zhibao Chen, Deping Lu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The influence of directional solidification rate on the microstructure, mechanical properties and conductivity of deformation-processed Cu-7Cr-0.1Ag in situ composites produced by thermo-mechanical processing was systematically investigated. The microstructure was analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. The mechanical properties and conductivity were evaluated by tensile-testing machine and micro-ohmmeter, respectively. The results indicate that the size, shape and distribution of second-phase Cr grains are significantly different in the Cu-7Cr-0.1Ag alloys with different growth rates. At a growth rate of 200 μm s-1, the Cr grains transform into fine Cr fiber-like grains parallel to the pulling direction from the Cr dendrites. …

Economic-Emission Dispatch Problem: A Semi-Definite Programming Approach, A M. Jubril, O A. Olaniyan, O A. Komolafe, Philip O. Ogunbona

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

A semi-definite programming (SDP) formulation of the multi-objective economic-emission dispatch problem is presented. The fuel cost and emission functions are represented by high order polynomial functions and this was shown to be a more accurate representation of the economic-emission dispatch (EED) problem. Furthermore, the polynomial functions of both objective functions are aggregated into a single objective function using the weighted sum approach. This thus reduces the problem to a standard polynomial optimization problem which was formulated as a hierarchy of semi-definite relaxation problems. The resulting SDP problem was then solved at different degrees of approximation. The performance of the proposed …

Effects Of Hypochlorite Exposure On Morphology And Trace Organic Contaminant Rejection By Nf/Ro Membranes, Alexander R. Simon, Long D. Nghiem

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The impacts of membrane degradation due to chlorine attack on the rejection of inorganic salts and trace organic contaminants by nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were investigated in this study. The rejection of trace contaminants was examined at environmentally relevant concentrations. Changes in the membrane surface morphology were observed as a result of chlorine exposure. A small increase in rejection was consistently observed with all four membranes selected in this study after being exposed to a low concentration of hypochlorite (100 ppm). In contrast, a higher concentration of hypochlorite (i.e., 2000 ppm) could be detrimental to the membrane …

Magnetization Curves Of Sintered Heavy Tungsten Alloys For Applications In Mri-Guided Radiotherapy, Stefan Kolling, Bradley Oborn, Paul Keall, Josip Horvat

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Purpose: Due to the current interest in MRI-guided radiotherapy, the magnetic properties of the materials commonly used in radiotherapy are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, mea- surement results for the magnetization (BH) curves of a range of sintered heavy tungsten alloys used in radiation shielding and collimation are presented.

Methods: Sintered heavy tungsten alloys typically contain > 90% tungsten and < 10% of a combina- tion of iron, nickel, and copper binders. Samples of eight different grades of sintered heavy tungsten alloys with varying binder content were investigated. Using a superconducting quantum interference detector magnetometer, the induced magnetic moment m was measured for each sample as a function of applied external field H₀and the BH curve derived.

Results: The iron content of the alloys was found to play a dominant role, directly influencing the magnetization M and thus the nonlinearity of the BH curve. Generally, the saturation magnetization increased with …

Characteristics Of Oxide Scale Formed On Ferritic Stainless Steels In Simulated Reheating Atmosphere, Xiawei Cheng, Zhengyi Jiang, Dongbin Wei, Jingwei Zhao, Brian J. Monaghan, Raymond J. Longbottom, Laizhu Jiang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The aim of this study is to optimise the stainless steel oxidation behaviours during hot rolling. The high temperature oxidation behaviours of ferritic stainless steels B443NT and B445J1M were studied over the temperature range from 1000 to 1150 °C in a humid atmosphere containing 18% water vapour, as measured by a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). The results indicate that breakaway oxidation occurs at 1090 °C for the B443NT steel, which is 60 °C lower than that for the B445J1M steel. The occurrence of iron oxide nodules on the steels marks the onset of breakaway oxidation; however, the breakaway oxidation phenomenon of …

Facilitating Social Collaboration In Mobile Cloud-Based Learning: A Teamwork As A Service (Taas) Approach, Geng Sun, Jun Shen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Mobile learning is an emerging trend that brings many advantages to distributed learners, enabling them to achieve collaborative learning, in which the virtual teams are usually built to engage multiple learners working together towards the same pedagogical goals in online courses. However, the socio-technical mechanisms to enhance teamwork performance are lacking. To meet this gap, we adopt the social computing to affiliate learners’ behaviors and offer them computational choices to build a better collaborative learning context. Combining the features of the cloud environment, we have identified a learning flow based on Kolb team learning experience to realize this approach. Such …