Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Self-Mixing Interferometry And Its Applications, Yanguang Yu, Yuanlong Fan, Bin Liu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper reviews the self-mixing interference (SMI) in terms of its operation principle, the features of SMI signals and its configuration. SMI refers to a phenomenon that occurs when a small fraction of the light emitted by a laser is backscattered or reflected by an external target and re-enters the laser active cavity, thus leading to the modulation of the laser output power. This is a remarkably universal phenomenon, occurring in lasers regardless of type. A few application examples are presented based on the research work done in our group, including SMI sensing for displacement measurement, material parameters and laser …

Detecting Multiple, Simultaneous Talkers Through Localising Speech Recorded By Ad-Hoc Microphone Arrays, Shahab Pasha, Christian H. Ritz, Yue-Xian Zou

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper proposes a novel approach to detecting multiple, simultaneous talkers in multi-party meetings using localisation of active speech sources recorded with an ad-hoc microphone array. Cues indicating the relative distance between sources and microphones are derived from speech signals and room impulse responses recorded by each of the microphones distributed at unknown locations within a room. Multiple active sources are localised by analysing a surface formed from these cues and derived at different locations within the room. The number of localised active sources per each frame or utterance is then counted to estimate when multiple sources are active. The …

An Accurate Approximation Formula For Pricing European Options With Discrete Dividend Payments, Song-Ping Zhu, Xinjiang He

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In this article, two relevant problems related to pricing European options with discrete dividend under the classic Black-Scholes framework are considered. For the case when a discrete dividend payment is proportional to the underlying asset value, we discuss an interesting phenomenon observed; the option price is independent of the dividend payment date. This appears to be at odds with one's intuition that dividend amount, as well as the dividend date, should both affect the price of a European call or put option. We reveal the fundamental reasons, from both mathematical and financial viewpoints, why this occurs. When the amount of …

Neutron Optics Upgrades To The Residual Stress Diffractometer, Kowari, Mark H. Reid, Scott Olsen, Vladimir Luzin, Mark New, Norman Booth, Douglas Clowes, Tai Nguyen, Ferdi Franceschini, Adrian Ogrin, Steven Pangalis, Ania Paradowska, Nathan P. Larkin, Zengxi Stephen Pan, Nicholas P. Hoye, Hiroshi Suzuki

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In the last 5 years a number of significant enhancements have been implemented on the neutron beam strain scanner Kowari at the OPAL reactor in Sydney Australia. These changes have resulted in reduced beam time losses when conducting experiments due to sample and stage alignment, and optics and sample changes. There have been 3 projects, starting in 2011 with a new manual slit system design and collision recovery system, in 2013 with a series of radial collimators and finally with the delivery of a 6 axis robot capable of texture measurements and of running up to 20 samples automatically.

Stress In Thin Wall Structures Made By Layer Additive Manufacturing, Vladimir Luzin, Nicholas P. Hoye

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Manufacturing of thin wall structures is one of the main applications of additive manufacturing, where it has significant advantages over traditional milling and machining techniques or welded analogues. Such thin walled structures are common in structural aerospace components, and are also frequently made from titanium alloys. For such large-scale components, layer deposition strategy is more advantageous rather than a pixel-wise deposition approach due to the demand for high productivity and size requirements. Several techniques can be used to produce layer-wise build-ups, including laser-powered Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) process or gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Although, in the general case of …

Experimental Investigation Of Welding Stresses In Mwic Weldability Test, Houman Alipooramirabad, Anna Paradowska, Reza Ghomashchi, Nicholas P. Hoye, Mark H. Reid

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The use of high-strength steels in the manufacture of energy pipelines, coupled with the transition to larger pipe diameters and greater wall thicknesses, has led to an increased potential for cracking including hydrogen assisted cracking of energy pipelines due to higher constraint induced stresses. In the present study, a modified version of the Welding Institute of Canada (MWIC) restraint test was used to simulate the constraint conditions of full-scale girth welds on energy pipelines, allowing the influence of welding process parameters on crack formation to be assessed. MWIC test samples of X70 grade high-strength low alloy pipeline steel were manually …

Residual Stress And Critical Crack Size Before And After Post-Weld Heat-Treatment, M Law, Anna Paradowska, Nicholas P. Hoye, P Grace

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Post-weld heat-treatment (PWHT) is performed to reduce residual stress, but is not always possible to perform. The residual stresses on a thick section weld on a gas pipeline were determined before and after PWHT to assess residual stress and critical defect sizes.

Residual Stress Study Of Al/Al Laminates Processed By Accumulative Roll Bonding, Lihong Su, Cheng Lu, Hui Jun Li, Vladimir Luzin, Hui Wang, Anh Kiet Tieu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In this work accumulative roll bonding (ARB) was used to combine AA1050 and AA6061 sheets to produce AA1050/AA1050, AA6061/AA6061 and AA1050/AA6061 laminates with ultrafine grained (UFG) structure. Two sheets of starting materials were roll bonded with 200 °C preheating for 180 s before rolling. The through-thickness residual stress distribution of these laminates processed up to two cycles of ARB was determined by neutron diffraction with spatial resolution of 0.2 mm through 1.5 mm thickness. The measurements also required high accuracy of only few MPa since residual stresses in the laminates peaked at only about 15 MPa. The laminates composed of …

An Active Seat Suspension Design For Vibration Control Of Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Donghong Ning, Shuaishuai Sun, Jiawei Zhang, Haiping Du, Weihua Li, Xu Wang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper presents the design, fabrication and testing of an innovative active seat suspension system for heavy-duty vehicles. Rather than using conventional linear actuators, such as hydraulic cylinders or linear motors, which need to be well maintained and are always expensive when high force outputs are required, the proposed seat suspension system directly applies a rotary motor in order to provide the required active actuation, without changing the basic structure of the existing off-the-shelf seat suspension. A gear reducer is also applied to amplify the output torque of the motor so that a high output torque can be achieved using …

Visualisation For Large-Scale Gaussian Updates, Jonathon Rougier, Andrew Zammit-Mangion

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In geostatistics and also in other applications in science and engineering, it is now common to perform updates on Gaussian process models with many thousands or even millions of components. These large-scale inferences involve modelling, representational and computational challenges. We describe a visualization tool for large-scale Gaussian updates, the 'medal plot'. The medal plot shows the updated uncertainty at each observation location and also summarizes the sharing of information across observations, as a proxy for the sharing of information across the state vector (or latent process). As such, it reflects characteristics of both the observations and the statistical model.We illustrate …

Kinematical Limit Analysis For A Slope Reinforced With One Row Of Stabilizing Piles, Shiguo Xiao, Hong He, Jinxiu Zeng

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Stabilizing piles are commonly used to improve slope stability. The load that a pile should sustain and the associated slip surface under a prescribed factor of safety are two critical design parameters in practice. Based on the kinematically admissible failure mechanism, a limit analysis approach is introduced, which considers two potential slip surfaces that individually lie in the upslope and downslope of the piles. The explicit formulas for the upslope thrust force and downslope resistance on a pile are derived, which enables the calculation of the maximum load on a pile and the corresponding critical slip surfaces using a computer …

Evaluation Methodology And Implementation For Natural Ventilation Control Strategies, Massimo Fiorentini, Georgios Kokogiannakis, Warwick Jackson, Zhenjun Ma, Paul Cooper

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper describes a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of various control strategies for the operation of window actuators to control the indoor climate, and their implementation in a full scale case study building. In this study, the effectiveness of a control strategy is considered in terms of the capability of the controller for maintaining the indoor thermal comfort in a prescribed variable range, and its effect on the minimisation of the operational energy consumption of the building, due to a lower thermal energy demand to be met by the heating and cooling system. A model of the case study …

Building Characterisation And Retrofit Decision Support-Tools For Upgrading Homes Of Low-Income Older Australians, Paul Cooper, Clayton Mcdowell, Michael P. Tibbs, Georgios Kokogiannakis, Laia Ledo Gomis, Stephen C. Choi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper describes the development and implementation of a comprehensive methodology to select and implement energy efficiency upgrades to the homes of low-income, older (>60 years) Australians. This work was conducted as part of a project entitled, 'Energy Efficiency in the 3rd Age (EE3A)", which targeted lowincome older residents in the Illawarra Region of NSW, Australia, and was funded by an Australian Federal Government 'Low Income Energy Efficiency Program (LIEEP)' grant for AUD2.3M. The project included a social marketing and behaviour change component engaging ~650 households, and a retrofit program for a subset of ~183 of these homes. Households …

Development Of A Novel Magnetophoresis-Assisted Hydrophoresis Microdevice For Rapid Particle Ordering, Sheng Yan, Jun Zhang, Huaying Chen, Dan Yuan, Gursel Alici, Haiping Du, Yonggang Zhu, Weihua Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Focusing and ordering of micro- or nanoparticles is an essential ability in microfluidic platforms for bio-sample processing. Hydrophoresis is an effective method utilising hydrodynamic force to focus microparticles, but it is limited by the fixed operational range and the lack of flexibility. Here, we report a work to tune and improve the dynamic range of hydrophoresis device using magnetophoresis. In this work, a novel approach was presented to fabricate the lateral fluidic ports, which allow the flipped chip to remain stable on the stage of microscope. Diamagnetic polystyrene microparticles suspended in a ferrofluidic medium were repelled to the lower level …

Optimization Of A Ceiling Ventilation System With Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors And Phase Change Materials, Zhenjun Ma, Wenye Lin, Mohammed I. Sohel

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper presents the performance evaluation and design optimization of a ceiling ventilation system with integrated solar photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors and phase change materials (PCMs) by using a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Hooke-Jeeves Pattern search (PSO-HJ) algorithm. In this novel ceiling ventilation system, the PVT collectors are used to generate electricity and provide the low-grade heating energy for buildings by using the winter daytime solar radiation, while the PCM is integrated into the building ceiling as part of the ceiling insulation and at the same time, as a centralized thermal energy storage unit to temporally store the low-grade …

Balance Improvement Effects Of Biofeedback Systems With State-Of-The-Art Wearable Sensors: A Systematic Review, Christina Ma, Duo Wong, Wing K. Lam, Anson Wan, Winson Lee

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Falls and fall-induced injuries are major global public health problems. Balance and gait disorders have been the second leading cause of falls. Inertial motion sensors and force sensors have been widely used to monitor both static and dynamic balance performance. Based on the detected performance, instant visual, auditory, electrotactile and vibrotactile biofeedback could be provided to augment the somatosensory input and enhance balance control. This review aims to synthesize the research examining the effect of biofeedback systems, with wearable inertial motion sensors and force sensors, on balance performance. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were included in this review. All studies …

Wearable Vibrotactile Biofeedback Device Allowing Identification Of Different Floor Conditions For Lower-Limb Amputees, Anson Wan, Duo Wong, Christina Ma, Ming Zhang, Winson Lee

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Objective

To evaluate a newly developed biofeedback device enabling lower-limb amputees to identify various floor conditions.

Design

Self-control with repeated measures (with and without the biofeedback device) within the amputee group, and group control comparing between amputee and nonamputee groups.

Setting

University locomotion laboratory.

Participants

Five lower-limb amputees and 8 nonamputees (N=13).

Interventions

A wearable biofeedback device, which identified different floor conditions by analyzing the force patterns under the prosthetic feet and provided vibration cues in response to different floor conditions, was provided to the amputees.

Main Outcome Measures

The subjects stepped on a foam platform concealing a small object …

Energy Exchange Between Electric Vehicle Load And Wind Generating Utilities, Ahmad Tavakoli, Michael Negnevitsky, Duc Thanh Nguyen, Kashem M. Muttaqi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper proposes a novel approach to energy exchange between electric vehicle (EV) load and wind generation utilities participating in the day-ahead energy, balancing, and regulation markets. An optimal bidding/offering strategy model is developed to mitigate wind energy and EV imbalance threats, and optimize EV charging profiles. A new strategy model is based on optimizing decision making of a wind generating company (WGenCO) in selecting the best option among the use of the balancing or regulation services, the use of the energy storage system (ESS) and the use of all of them to compensate wind power deviation. Energy imbalance is …

Development And Optimization Of An Innovative Hvac System With Integrated Pvt And Pcm Thermal Storage For A Net-Zero Energy Retrofitted House, Massimo Fiorentini, Paul Cooper, Zhenjun Ma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper describes a novel solar-assisted HVAC system developed for the Team UOW 'Illawarra Flame' Solar Decathlon house, the winner of the Solar Decathlon China 2013 competition. This HVAC system consists of an air-based photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collector and a phase change material (PCM) thermal storage unit integrated with a reverse cycle heat pump, in a ducted system. The system was designed for operation during both winter and summer using daytime solar radiation and night-time sky radiative cooling, respectively. The PVT collector heats or cools fresh air from ambient and thereby provides heating or cooling either directly to the indoor space, …

A Distributed Broadcast Algorithm For Duty-Cycled Networks With Physical Interference Model, Dianbo Zhao, Kwan-Wu Chin

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Broadcast is a fundamental operation in multi-hop wireless networks. Given a source node with a message to broadcast, the objective is to propagate the message to all nodes in an interferencefree manner while incurring minimum latency. This problem, called Minimum-Latency Broadcast Scheduling (MLBS), has been studied extensively in wireless networks whereby nodes remain on all times and has been shown to be NP-hard. However, only a few studies have addressed this problem in the context of duty-cycled wireless networks, which unfortunately, remains NP-hard. In these networks, nodes do not wake up simultaneously, and hence, not all neighbors of a transmitting …

Behaviour Of Perforated Gfrp Tubes Under Axial Compression, Weiqiang Wang, M Neaz Sheikh, Muhammad N. S Hadi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This study investigates the influences of various parameters on the behaviour of perforated Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) tubes under axial compression. A total of 15 GFRP tubes with and without perforations were tested under axial compression. All the GFRP tubes were divided into two groups: 12 tubes with 89 mm outer diameter and 6 mm wall thickness and 3 tubes with 183 mm outer diameter and 8 mm wall thickness. The influences of hole diameter, vertical hole spacing, tube diameter, perforation pattern, transverse hole spacing, and hole reinforcement on the axial compressive behaviour of perforated GFRP tubes were experimentally …

Performance Monitoring: Case Studies Of Tracks Stabilised By Geosynthetic Grids And Prefabricated Vertical Drains, Buddhima Indraratna, Sinniah K. Navaratnarajah, Sanjay Nimbalkar, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn, Tim Neville

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper focusses on assessing the performance of rail track through field trials conducted in the towns of Bulli, Singleton, and Sandgate in the state of New South Wales, Australia. In Bulli and Singleton, different types of geosynthetics (geogrid, geotextile and geocomposite) were installed to investigate their relative advantages in relation to various aperture sizes and types of subgrade. A key objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of these artificial inclusions on the vertical and lateral track deformation as the largescale laboratory tests provided evidence that grids reduce particle breakage by restraining the movement of aggregates and …

Design Of Earth Retaining Structures And Tailing Dams Under Static And Seismic Conditions, S S. Nimbalkar, D Choudhury

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In this paper the seismic active earth pressure is determined by using pseudo-dynamic method. Mononobe-Okabe method by pseudo-static approach gives the linear distribution of seismic earth pressure behind retaining wall in an approximate way. A rigid vertical retaining wall supporting cohesionless backfill material with horizontal ground has been considered in the analysis with planar rupture surface. Results highlight the non-linearity of seismic earth pressures distribution. Applications of pseudo-dynamic method for stability assessment of gravity dams and tailing dams are presented. A new simplified method to include soil arching effect on determination of earth pressures is also proposed.

Geotechnics Of Granular Materials For Railways And Port Reclamation, Buddhima Indraratna, Sanjay Nimbalkar, Ana Heitor

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Rail is one of the largest transportation modes offering freight and passenger traffic in rapidly developing nations, including India. Concerted efforts to improve productivity, modernization and technology upgrading have led to an impressive growth in railways and port infrastructure. Large-scale physical modelling and full-scale field monitoring often provide significant knowledge to better understand performance and to extend the current state-of-the-art in design of rail and port. A series of large-scale laboratory tests were conducted to analyse behaviour of granular materials (ballast, sub-ballast) under cyclic and impact loads. Effectiveness of using geosynthetic grids, geocells and shock mats was also studied. Comprehensive …

Using Diffusion Of Innovation Theory To Understand The Factors Impacting Patient Acceptance And Use Of Consumer E-Health Innovations: A Case Study In A Primary Care Clinic, Xiaojun Zhang, Ping Yu, Jun Yan, Ir Ton A M Spil

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Background Consumer e-Health is a potential solution to the problems of accessibility, quality and costs of delivering public healthcare services to patients. Although consumer e-Health has proliferated in recent years, it remains unclear if patients are willing and able to accept and use this new and rapidly developing technology. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the factors influencing patients' acceptance and usage of consumer e-health innovations. Methods A simple but typical consumer e-health innovation - an e-appointment scheduling service - was developed and implemented in a primary health care clinic in a regional town in Australia. A …

Privacy-Preserving Ciphertext Multi-Sharing Control For Big Data Storage, Kaitai Liang, Willy Susilo, Joseph K. Liu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The need of secure big data storage service is more desirable than ever to date. The basic requirement of the service is to guarantee the confidentiality of the data. However, the anonymity of the service clients, one of the most essential aspects of privacy, should be considered simultaneously. Moreover, the service also should provide practical and fine-grained encrypted data sharing such that a data owner is allowed to share a ciphertext of data among others under some specified conditions. This paper, for the first time, proposes a privacy-preserving ciphertext multi-sharing mechanism to achieve the above properties. It combines the merits …

An Analysis Of A Standard Reactor Cascade And A Step-Feed Reactor Cascade For Biological Processes Described By Monod Kinetics, Harvinder S. Sidhu, Mark Ian Nelson, Easwaran Balakrishnan

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

We analyse the steady-state operation of two types of reactor cascade without recycle. The first is a standard reactor cascade in which the feed stream enters into the first reactor. The second is a step-feed reactor cascade in which an equal proportion of the feed stream enters each reactor in the cascade. The reaction is assumed to be a biological process governed by Monod growth kinetics with a decay coefficient for the microorganisms. The steady-states of both models are found for an arbitrary number of reactors and their stability determined as a function of the residence time. We show that …

Valuation Of Options On Oil Futures Under The 3/4 Oil Price Model, Mohammed A. Aba Oud, Joanna Goard

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Recently, an empirically-validated one-factor model with a 3/4-power diffusion term was introduced in the literature to model oil prices and value futures contracts on oil. In this paper, we provide an exact and analytic approximation for European call option prices on futures under a 3/4-power futures model. The analytic approximation, valid for short times to expiry is then calibrated to market prices. Results from the calibration show that the analytic approximation formula outperforms current popular options on futures formulae in capturing market prices.

Models For Predicting The Axial Compressive Strength Of Steel Fibre Reinforced Normal And High Strength Concrete Square Columns, Emdad K. Z Balanji, M Neaz Sheikh, Muhammad N. S Hadi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Over the last three decades, fibre has been commonly used in reinforced concrete (RC) columns to enhance their strength and ductility. In the available studies on Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) columns, axial compressive strength of the columns is expressed as functions of unconfined concrete compressive strength and the lateral confinement pressure. In this study, available experimental investigation results of the axial compressive strength of SFRC square columns have been compiled. This study also proposes axial compressive strength models of the SFRC square columns using artificial neural network (ANN). In the proposed models, axial compressive strength of SFRC columns has …

Tension And Compression Testing Of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (Frp) Bars, Qasim S. Khan, M Neaz Sheikh, Muhammad N. S Hadi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Corrosion of reinforcement in steel Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns significantly decreases both the strength and ductility of RC columns. Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars have emerged as an attractive alternative to the traditional steel bars because of higher ultimate tensile strength to weight ratio and higher corrosion resistance of the FRP bars. However, Standard test methods for different types of FRP bars both in tension and compression have not been fully developed. This study presents the results of tension and compression tests of circular pultruded Glass FRP (GFRP) bars and Carbon FRP (CFRP) bars of 15 mm and 15.9 mm …