Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Teaching About Racial And Ethnic Diversity In Social Work Education: A Systematic Review, Katarzyna J. Olcon, Dorie Gilbert, Rose Pulliam

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Little of social work literature provides evidence of best teaching practices for preparing social work students to work with clients from historically excluded racial and ethnic groups. A systematic literature review was conducted to assess studies published in the United States during the 10-year period (2007-2016) that examined: (1) social work educators' pedagogical interventions for teaching about racial and ethnic diversity, (2) components of those interventions, (3) methodological designs to evaluate the interventions, and (4) the students' learning outcomes. Following the systematic review protocol, the authors identified and assessed twenty-five studies (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods). The studies reflected a variety …

Prevalence And Determinants Of Frailty In The Absence Of Disability Among Older Population: A Cross Sectional Study From Rural Communities In Nepal, Uday Narayan Yadav, Man Tamang, Tarka Thapa, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Mark Fort Harris, Krishna Yadav

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

BACKGROUND: Longevity and frailty have significant implications for healthcare delivery. They increase demands for healthcare service and surge risk of hospitalization. Despite gaining global attention, determinants of frailty have remained unmeasured in the rural community settings in Nepal. This study aimed to address this gap by accessing the prevalence and determinants of frailty in the absence of disability among older population living in rural communities in eastern Nepal.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study of 794 older adults aged ≥60 living in the rural part of Sunsari and Morang district of eastern Nepal between January and April in 2018. …

Comparison Of Major Depression Diagnostic Classification Probability Using The Scid, Cidi, And Mini Diagnostic Interviews Among Women In Pregnancy Or Postpartum: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis, Brooke Levis, Dean Mcmillan, Ying Sun, Chin He, Danielle B. Rice, Arthur Krishnan, Yin Wu, Marleine Azar, Tatiana A. Sanchez, Matthew J. Chiovitti, Parash Mani Bhandari, Dipika Neupane, Nazanin Saadat, Kira E. Riehm, Mahrukh Imran, Jill T. Boruff, Pim Cuijpers, Simon Gilbody, John P.A Ioannidis, Lorie A. Kloda, Scott B. Patten, Ian Shrier, Roy C. Ziegelstein, Liane Comeau, Nicholas D. Mitchell, Marcello Tonelli, Simone N. Vigod, Franca Aceti, Ruben Alvarado, Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, Muideen O. Bakare, Jacqueline Barnes, Cheryl Tatano Beck, Carola Bindt, Philip M. Boyce, Adomas Bunevicius, Tiago Castro E Couto, Linda H. Chaudron, Humberto Correa, Felipe Pinheiro De Figueiredo, Valsamma Eapen, Michelle Fernandes, Barbara Figueiredo, Jane R. W Fisher, Lluisa Garcia-Esteve, Lisa Giardinelli, Nadine Helle, Louise M. Howard, Dina Sami Khalifa, Jane Kohlhoff, Laima Kusminskas, Zoltan Kozinszky, Lorenzo Lelli, Angeliki A. Leonardou, Beth A. Lewis, Michael Maes, Valentina Meuti, Sandra Nakic Rados, Purificacion Navarro Garcia, Daisuke Nishi, Daniel Okitundu Luwa E-Andjafono, Emma Robertson-Blackmore, Tamsen Rochat, Heather J. Rowe, Bonnie W. M Siu, Alkistis Skalkidou, Alan Stein, Robert C. Stewart, Kuan-Pin Su, Inger Sundstrom-Poromaa, Meri Tadinac, S. Darius Tandon, Iva Tendais, Pavaani Thiagayson, Annamaria Toreki, Anna Torres-Gimenez, Thach D. Tran, Kylee Trevillion, Katherine Turner, Johann M. Vega-Dienstmaier, Karen Wynter, Kimberly A. Yonkers, Andrea Benedetti, Brett D. Thombs

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: A previous individual participant data meta‐analysis (IPDMA) identified differences in major depression classification rates between different diagnostic interviews, controlling for depressive symptoms on the basis of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9. We aimed to determine whether similar results would be seen in a different population, using studies that administered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in pregnancy or postpartum.

Methods: Data accrued for an EPDS diagnostic accuracy IPDMA were analysed. Binomial generalised linear mixed models were fit to compare depression classification odds for the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM …

Curious Kids: Is It Ok To Listen To Music While Studying?, Timothy P. Byron

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In a nutshell, music puts us in a better mood, which makes us better at studying - but it also distracts us, which makes us worse at studying. So if you want to study effectively with music, you want to reduce how distracting music can be, and increase the level to which the music keeps you in a good mood.

Exploring The Relationships Between Eating Disorders And Mental Health In Women Attending Residential Substance Use Treatment, Laura Robinson, Peter James Kelly, Frank P. Deane, Samantha L. Reis

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: Comorbid eating disorders (EDs) and ED symptoms are highly prevalent among women with substance use disorders and may be a barrier to recovery. Higher rates of psychiatric illness are common when more than one disorder is present. Yet little is known about the rates and risk factors for EDs/ED symptoms in women attending treatment centers in Australia. The primary aim is to examine the prevalence of ED symptoms among women attending treatment centers. This study also examines past physical and sexual abuse and mental health as specific predictors of EDs/ED symptoms.

Methods: Participants were 1,444 women attending residential treatment …

Citizen Social Science For More Integrative And Effective Climate Action: A Science-Policy Perspective, Andrew Kythreotis, Chrystal Mantyka-Pringle, Theresa Mercer, Lorraine Whitmarsh, Adam Corner, Jouni Paavola, Christopher D. Chambers, Byron Miller, Noel Castree

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Governments are struggling to limit global temperatures below the 2°C Paris target with existing climate change policy approaches. This is because conventional climate policies have been predominantly (inter)nationally top-down, which limits citizen agency in driving policy change and influencing citizen behavior. Here we propose elevating Citizen Social Science (CSS) to a new level across governments as an advanced collaborative approach of accelerating climate action and policies that moves beyond conventional citizen science and participatory approaches. Moving beyond the traditional science-policy model of the democratization of science in enabling more inclusive climate policy change, we present examples of how CSS can …

Fine-Grained Mapping Of Cortical Somatotopies In Chronic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Flavia Mancini, Audrey Wang, Mark M. Schira, Zoey J. Isherwood, James Mcauley, Giandomenico Iannetti, Martin Sereno, G Moseley, Caroline Rae

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

It has long been thought that severe chronic pain conditions, such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), are not only associated with, but even maintained by a reorganization of the somatotopic representation of the affected limb in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). This notion has driven treatments that aim to restore S1 representations in CRPS patients, such as sensory discrimination training and mirror therapy. However, this notion is based on both indirect and incomplete evidence obtained with imaging methods with low spatial resolution. Here, we used fMRI to characterize the S1 representation of the affected and unaffected hand in humans (of …

Vection Induced By Low-Level Motion Extracted From Complex Animation Films, Wataru Suzuki, Takeharu Seno, Wakato Yamashita, Noritaka Ichinohe, Hiroshige Takeichi, Stephen Palmisano

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study examined the contributions of low-, mid- and high-level visual motion information to vection. We compared the vection experiences induced by hand-drawn and computer-generated animation clips to those induced by versions of these movies that contained only their pure optic flow. While the original movies were found to induce longer and stronger vection experiences than the pure optic flow, vection onsets were not significantly altered by removing the mid- and high-level information. We conclude that low-level visual motion information appears to be important for vection induction, whereas mid- and higher-level display information appears to be important for sustaining and …

Trends In Self-Perceived Weight Status, Weight Loss Attempts, And Weight Loss Strategies Among Adults In The United States, 1999-2016, Liyuan Han, Dingyun You, Fangfang Zeng, Xiaoqi Feng, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Shiwei Duan, Lu Qi

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Importance: The self-perception of weight and weight loss attempts might promote weight loss and maintenance. Objective: To examine trends in current measured body mass index (BMI) and weight, self-reported weight, self-perceived weight status, weight loss attempts, and weight loss strategies among adults in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants: This national cross-sectional study used data from continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data sets (1999-2000 to 2015-2016). Participants were US residents older than 20 years. Data were analyzed from January 2018 to December 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures: Current measured BMI and weight, self-reported weight, self-perceived weight …

The Cognitive Basis For The Split-Attention Effect, Wim T. J. L Pouw, Gertjan Rop, Bjorn De Koning, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The split-attention effect entails that learning from spatially separated, but mutually referring information sources (e.g., text and picture), is less effective than learning from the equivalent spatially integrated sources. According to cognitive load theory, impaired learning is caused by the working memory load imposed by the need to distribute attention between the information sources and mentally integrate them. In this study, we directly tested whether the split-attention effect is caused by spatial separation per se. Spatial distance was varied in basic cognitive tasks involving pictures (Experiment 1) and text-picture combinations (Experiment 2; preregistered study), and in more ecologically valid learning …

Physical Activity In Early Childhood Education And Care Settings In A Low-Income, Rural South African Community: An Observational Study, Simone Tomaz, Rachel A. Jones, Trina Hinkley, Rhian Twine, Kathleen Kahn, Shane A. Norris, Catherine E. Draper

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction: Research has not been conducted on physical activity in early child education and care (ECEC) settings in low-income, rural communities in South Africa. This study aimed to describe the physical activity environment of these settings and identify child and contextual factors associated with physical activity in these settings. By understanding physical activity in this environment, it will be possible to identify context-specific opportunities, including with teachers, to overcome potential challenges and maximise physical activity in a low- and middle-income country setting.
Methods: The study was conducted in rural Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga in 2014. Preschool-aged children (n=55) were recruited …

How Do Online Learning Networks Emerge? A Review Study Of Self-Organizing Network Effects In The Field Of Networked Learning, Bieke Schreurs, Frank Cornelissen, Maarten F. De Laat

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In this article we want to understand in more detail how learning networks emerge in online networked learning environments. An adage in Networked Learning theory is that networked learning cannot be designed; it can only be designed for. This adage implicitly carries the idea that networked learning is seen as learning in which information and communication technology is used to promote (emergent) connections between learners and their peers, learners and tutors and learners and learning resources. Emergence entails a self-organizing component. However, there is no comprehensive understanding of how self-organizing network effects occur in networked learning environments, how they influence …

Middle Leading And Influence In Two Australian Schools, Kylie Lipscombe, Sharon K. Tindall-Ford, Peter Grootenboer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Increasingly, educational systems are appreciating the importance of middle leaders leading educational improvement in schools. Schools depend on middle leaders to lead site-based educational development in areas including curriculum development, teacher professional learning and student learning improvement. Middle leaders are in a unique but complex position where they influence both executive leadership and teachers within the school organisation. Adopting case study methodology to investigate the practices and influence of middle leaders leading a school-based educational development project, three semi-structured interviews and artefacts from two middle leaders were collected over eight months. The theory of practice architectures afforded an examination of …

Friday Essay: A Black Marlin At Port Kembla And An 8,000-Year-Old Midden - Nature In The 21st Century, Michael J. Adams

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The shaky video shows the crescent tail cutting through water as the black marlin swims through the creek, hunting bream and tailor. As the phone camera pans around, the built structures of the Port Kembla steelworks in south eastern Australia come into view, heavy trucks rolling over a concrete bridge, smokestacks and factories crowding the landscape. The roofs, pipes and conveyors are rust-brown, soot and grime coat the surfaces, sulphuric smells drift across the space. We know this because a steelworker happened that day to see this marlin in the steelworks and filmed it. I found his footage recently when …

Three Ways To Fix The Problems Caused By Rezoning Inner-City Industrial Land For Mixed-Use Apartments, Carl Grodach, Christopher R. Gibson, Justin O'Connor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Since 2000, planning authorities in Australia have overseen a massive rezoning of inner-city industrial land to make way for mixed-use residential development. They claim central industrial space is obsolete in a post-industrial economy driven by knowledge, finance, and real estate. And rezoning offers opportunities to house people near jobs and services, thereby slowing urban sprawl. While industrial rezonings have contributed to the densification of Australian cities, they also open the door to real estate speculation and accelerate gentrification. This has forced many people to move outward in search of affordable shelter. Rather than fostering walkable 20-minute neighbourhoods, "ghost shops" haunt …

Preface: Special Issue On Environmental Impact Of Nature‐Based Tourism., Ronda J. Green, David B. Croft, Isabelle D. Wolf

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Tourism is growing rapidly throughout the world, including nature‐based tourism, but natural habitats are shrinking. How do we avoid damaging what is left as an increasing number of visitors wish to experience nature or enjoy adventure or relaxation in natural surroundings? This issue explores various environmental impact factors, from the physical effects of trampling through the disturbance of wildlife to the attitudes of visitors and how well‐run tourism ventures might modify their behavior.

Green And Blue Infrastructure In Darwin; Carbon Economies And The Social And Cultural Dimensions Of Valuing Urban Mangroves In Australia, Jennifer M. Atchison

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Darwin's mangrove ecosystems, some of the most extensive and biodiverse in the world, are part of the urban fabric in the tropical north of Australia but they are also clearly at risk from the current scale and pace of development. Climate motivated market-based responses, the so-called 'new-carbon economies', are one prominent approach to thinking differently about the value of living infrastructure and how it might provide for and improve liveability. In the Australian context, there are recent efforts to promote mangrove ecosystems as blue infrastructure, specifically as blue carbon, but also little recognition or valuation of them as green or …

Embodied Learning In The Classroom: Effects On Primary School Children's Attention And Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning, Mirko Schmidt, Valentin Benzing, Amie Wallman-Jones, Myrto F. Mavilidi, David R. Lubans, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of specifically designed physical activities on primary school children's foreign language vocabulary learning and attentional performance. Design: A total of 104 children aged between 8 and 10 years were assigned to either (a) an embodied learning condition consisting of task-relevant physical activities, (b) a physical activity condition involving task-irrelevant physical activities, or (c) a control condition consisting of a sedentary teaching style. Within a 2-week teaching program, consisting of four learning sessions, children had to learn 20 foreign language words. Method: Children were tested on their memory performance …

Teachers' Multicultural Attitudes And Perceptions Of School Policy And School Climate In Relation To Burnout, Anneke Dubbeld, Natascha De Hoog, Perry Den Brok, Maarten F. De Laat

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

There is a growing number of ethnically and culturally diverse students in Dutch junior vocational high schools. This article examines teachers' multicultural attitudes, their perceptions of cultural diversity related to school policy and school climate, and the chance of general and diversity-related burnout. The present research also characterises teachers in terms of their multicultural attitudes and perceptions of school policy and climate through cluster analysis. Results are based on questionnaire data of 120 teachers, working at five locations of a multicultural junior vocational high school in a highly urbanised part of the Netherlands. Correlational, regression, and variance analyses indicated that …

Is Childhood Overweight/Obesity Perceived As A Health Problem By Mothers Of Preschool Aged Children In Bangladesh? A Community Level Cross-Sectional Study, Mohammad Hossain, Mahbubul Siddiqee, Shameema Ferdous, Marzia Faruki, Rifat Jahan, Shah Shahik, Enayetur Raheem, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Childhood obesity is rapidly rising in many developing countries such as Bangladesh; however, the factors responsible for this increase are not well understood. Being the primary caregivers of children, particularly in developing countries, maternal perceptions and knowledge could be important factors influencing the weight status of children. This study aimed to assess maternal perceptions of childhood obesity and associated socio-demographic factors in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study using stratified random sampling was conducted among 585 mothers whose children aged 4 to 7 years attended preschools in a district town. Body Mass Index of the children was calculated and weight status categorized …

"I Never Imagined" Pronunciation As "Such An Interesting Thing": Student Teacher Perception Of Innovative Practices, Michael S. Burri, Amanda Ann Baker

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Despite extensive research conducted into language teacher education practices and outcomes, student teachers' uptake of innovative practices is still largely unexplored. This study examined the perception of 15 graduate student teachers of a unique haptic (movement and touch) pronunciation teaching method in which they were trained. Focus group interviews, semi-structured interviews, and weekly observations were triangulated over a period of 16 weeks to attain insights into participants' perceptions of haptic pronunciation teaching. Findings suggested that their overall view of haptic pronunciation instruction was positive, but challenges with performing the pedagogical movements and uncertainty about the method's efficacy clouded some of …

Citizens' Juries Can Bring Public Voices On Overdiagnosis Into Policy Making, Christopher J. Degeling, Rae Thomas, Lucie Rychetnik

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

As practitioners and policy makers struggle to manage the risks and harms of overdiagnosis, Chris Degeling and colleagues contend that citizens' juries offer a way forward

Negotiating Adversity With Humour: A Case Study Of Wildland Firefighter Women, Christine Eriksen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper examines humour as an emergent theme within a long-term study of the gendered terrain of wildfire management. It analyses a set of semi-structured interviews that the study utilised to facilitate in-depth conversations with firefighter women about everyday gender relations, politics and practices within the New South Wales National Parks and Wildfire Service, Australia. The narrative analysis unpacks the dual function of humour as an explanatory tool during interviews, and as an everyday practice to negotiate adversity within the patriarchal stronghold of wildland firefighting. The study shows: a) how humour masks widespread occurrences of gender discrimination, and b) that …

Moving To L2 Fluency: The Tai Ball Chi Technique, Michael S. Burri, William Acton, Amanda Ann Baker

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

One of the challenges faced by teachers is to successfully guide second language learners to integrate what they learn as part of controlled classroom practice into daily conversation outside of the classroom. This paper introduces one particular haptic (movement and touch) technique, the Tai Ball Chi, that, when used appropriately, supports learners to develop fluent, intelligible speech. The Tai Ball Chi brings together what students have previously learned about syllable reduction, linking, and thought group use and provides a vehicle with which they can practice these features together, and over time, integrate them into conversation.

State Of The Art In U.S. Multicultural Social Work Practice: Client Expectations And Provider Challenges, Katarzyna J. Olcon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

To obtain a comprehensive view of the level of knowledge and development achieved in multicultural social work practice, I conducted a scoping review of U.S. empirical literature for the 10-year period from 2007 through 2016. The review revealed that across the board racial and ethnic minority clients continue to experience marginalization and report low satisfaction with services. Conversely, providers are subject to some tensions and biases toward multicultural practice exacerbated by employers’ lack of emphasis on cultural competence. The problematic findings from the review suggest that our current approaches to cultural competence may need to be reexamined.

Cross-Sectional Associations Of Physical Activity And Gross Motor Proficiency With Adiposity In South African Children Of Pre-School Age, Catherine E. Draper, Simone Tomaz, Rachel A. Jones, Trina Hinkley, Rhian Twine, Kathleen Kahn, Shane A. Norris

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective The study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity, gross motor skills and adiposity in South African children of pre-school age.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting High-income urban, and low-income urban and rural settings in South Africa.Participants Children (3-6 years old, n 268) were recruited from urban high-income (n 46), urban low-income (n 91) and rural low-income (n 122) settings. Height and weight were measured to calculate the main outcome variables: BMI and BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ). Height-for-age and weight-for-age Z-scores were also calculated. Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers were used to objectively measure physical activity; the Test of Gross Motor Development (Version 2) …

The Role Of Social Cues In Supporting Students To Overcome Challenges In Online Multi-Stage Assignments, Tiffani L. Apps, Karley A. Beckman, Sue Bennett, Barney Dalgarno, Gregor Kennedy, Lori Lockyer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Online technologies can facilitate new assessment designs, where students develop, analyse and reflect upon their learning. Online multi-stage assignments provide students with opportunities to submit and share their work over an extended period in social sharing spaces such as blogging and discussion forums. This study explores the challenges experienced by students while completing online multi-stage assignments and the processes of self-regulated learning students engaged with to overcome such challenges. We present interview data from three qualitative case studies involving 34 students across two Australian universities. The results show all students experienced challenges while working on multi-stage assignments. Students engaged with …

Networked Individualism And Learning In Organizations: An Ego-Network Perspective On Informal Learning Ties, Bieke Schreurs, Antoine Van Den Beemt, Nienke Moolenaar, Maarten F. De Laat

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the extent professionals from the vocational sector are networked individuals. The authors explore how professionals use their personal networks to engage in a wide variety of learning activities and examine what social mechanisms influence professionals' agency to form personal informal learning networks. Design/methodology/approach: This study applied a mixed-method approach to data collection. Social network data were gathered among school professionals working in the vocational sector. Ego-network analysis was performed. A total of 24 in-depth, semi-structured, qualitative interviews were analyzed. Findings: This study found that networked individualism is not represented to its full potential in …

Associations Between Access To Healthcare, Environmental Quality, And End-Stage Renal Disease Survival Time: Proportional-Hazards Models Of Over 1,000,000 People Over 14 Years, Marissa Kosnik, David Reif, Danelle Lobdell, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng, John Hader, Jane Hoppin

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the US increased by 74% from 2000 to 2013. To investigate the role of the broader environment on ESRD survival time, we evaluated average distance to the nearest hospital by county (as a surrogate for access to healthcare) and the Environmental Quality Index (EQI), an aggregate measure of ambient environmental quality composed of five domains (air, water, land, built, and sociodemographic), at the county level across the US. Associations between average hospital distance, EQI, and survival time for 1,092,281 people diagnosed with ESRD between 2000 and 2013 (age 18+, without changes in county …

Understanding The Office: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment To Measure Activities, Posture, Social Interactions, Mood, And Work Performance At The Workplace, Lina Engelen, Fabian Held

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Studying the workplace often involves using observational, self-report recall, or focus group tools, which all have their established advantages and disadvantages. There is, however, a need for a readily available, low-invasive method that can provide longitudinal, repeated, and concurrent in-the-moment information to understand the workplace well. In this study, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to collect 508 real-time responses about activities, posture, work performance, social interactions, and mood in 64 adult office workers in three Australian workplaces. The response rate was 53%, and the time to fill out the survey was 50 seconds on average. On average, the participants …