Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Neurocognitive Training For Children With Adhd At Improving Academic Engagement In Two Learning Settings, Han Jiang, Stuart J. Johnstone, Li Sun, Dawei Zhang

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: This preliminary study investigated effectiveness of neurocognitive training on academic engagement (AET) for children with ADHD. The training approach targeted working memory, inhibitory control, and attention/relaxation (via brain electrical activity).

Method: A reversal design with a 2-week follow-up was used to assess the effectiveness of the treatment on two children with diagnosed ADHD in two learning settings. Direct observation was used to collect academic-related behavior.

Results: Improvements in on-task expected behavior (ONT-EX) and general AET, as well as reductions in off-task motor activity (OFF-MA) and off-task passive behavior (OFF-PB) were observed for both students over baselines and across the …

Are Urban Development And Densification Patterns Aligned With Infrastructure Funding Allocation? Examining Data From Melbourne 1999-2015, Nicole T. Cook, Ilan Wiesel, Fanqi Liu

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Densification of cities and suburbs is a contentious issue for many communities in lower-density settings. Local opposition to densification is often premised on concerns about the inadequacy of existing infrastructure to support growing populations and is strongest and most successful in wealthier neighbourhoods. While the urban consolidation agenda in cities such as Melbourne and Sydney is justified in policy contexts as a strategy to improve utilisation of existing infrastructure in built up areas, densification over time also produces new demand for services. Whether or not densification drives new infrastructure spending is therefore an important question in the governance of social …

Multiscalar Governance Of Urban Energy Transitions In Australia: The Cases Of Sydney And Melbourne, Robyn Dowling, Pauline M. Mcguirk, Sophia Maalsen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Sustainable energy transitions - broadly described as moving away from fossil fuels toward renewable resources and reducing energy demand- are emerging across the world, albeit in uneven ways. Scholarship on energy transitions has highlighted the importance of how these transitions may be facilitated or impeded by both governance and politics, and the influence of urban dynamics and histories on these transitions. Using an emphasis on multiscalar governance, this paper analyses emergent energy reconfigurations in Australia, with two purposes. The first is to understand more richly the dynamics that are differentially reworking possibilities for more sustainable energy infrastructure and energy demand …

Pass Online Assisting First Year Psychology And Social Science Students In Statistics: A 360-Degree View, Tracey J. Woolrych, Melissa Zaccagninni, Moira Stephens, Murray J. Stace, Melissa L. Bergner, Sian M. O'Sullivan, Rebekkah Middleton, Reetu Verma

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Traditionally difficult subjects, such as statistics, offer a substantial learning challenge for students in their first year of university. Supplemental instruction or Peer Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) can provide students with benefits including increased confidence and grades. This project sought to compare face-to-face (F2F) sessions of PASS for the first-year psychology statistics subject PSYC123 with an online version. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including feedback from both students and PASS leaders, results indicated that online students found the platform easy to use and navigate, believing they had benefited from the sessions. All PASS students achieved higher mean grades compared to students …

Arts And Culture. Input Paper For The Horizon Scanning Project "The Effective And Ethical Development Of Artificial Intelligence: An Opportunity To Improve Our Wellbeing", Thomas Birtchnell

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Automating the Arts: Artificial Intelligence in Australia and New Zealand's Creative Industries

Embodied Uncertainty: Living With Complexity And Natural Hazards, Victoria Sword-Daniels, Christine Eriksen, Emma E. Hudson-Doyle, Ryan Alaniz, Carolina Adler, Todd Schenk, Suzanne Vallance

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In this paper, we examine the concept of embodied uncertainty by exploring multiple dimensions of uncertainty in the context of risks associated with extreme natural hazards. We highlight a need for greater recognition, particularly by disaster management and response agencies, of uncertainty as a subjective experience for those living at risk. Embodied uncertainty is distinguished from objective uncertainty by the nature of its internalisation at the individual level, where it is subjective, felt and directly experienced. This approach provides a conceptual pathway that sharpens knowledge of the processes that shape how individuals and communities interpret and contextualise risk. The ways …

People With Epilepsy Aren't Protected In Africa: What Needs To Be Done, Jacob Mugumbate

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In October 2017 Abdul Matola was stoned and burnt to death in Malawi after being accused of being a "bloodsucking vampire". Matola had lived with uncontrolled epilepsy -- a highly treatable and non-infectious condition characterised by recurring seizures.

Wrist-Based Accelerometer Cut-Points To Identify Sedentary Time In 5-11-Year-Old Children, Jessica Chandler, Michael W. Beets, Pedro Saint-Maurice, Robert Glenn Weaver, Dylan P. Cliff, Clemens Drenowatz, Justin B. Moore, Xuemei Sui, Keith Brazendale

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: The objective of this paper is to derive a wrist-placed cut-point threshold for distinguishing sedentary behaviors from light-intensity walking using the ActiGraph GT3X+ in children. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional study design, typically used in measurement-related studies. A sample of 167 children, ages 5-11 years (mean ± SD: 8.0 ± 1.8 years), performed up to eight seated sedentary activities while wearing accelerometers on both wrists. Activities included: reading books, sorting cards, cutting and pasting, playing board games, eating snacks, playing with tablets, watching TV, and writing. Direct observation verified sedentary behavior from light activity. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) …

3d Printing And Intellectual Property Futures, Thomas Birtchnell, Angela Daly, Thierry Rayna, Ludmila Striukova

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This report contains socio-legal research conducted on the relationship between 3D printing and intellectual property (IP) at the current point in time and in potential future scenarios, through the use of horizon-scanning methods in six countries—China, France, India, Russia, Singapore and the UK - to build a rich picture of this issue, comprising both developed and emerging economies.

Re-Thinking Knowledge Landscapes In The Context Of Grounded Aboriginal Theory And Online Health Communication, Kishan A. Kariippanon, Kate Senior

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Aboriginal people of North East Arnhem Land, Australia, are a diverse community speaking several languages, but united through a kinship system connecting individuals and clans between two moieties of the Yolngu nation: the Yirritja and Dhuwa.

Planning The Post-Political City: Exploring Public Participation In The Contemporary Australian City, Crystal Legacy, Nicole T. Cook, Dallas Rogers, Kristian J. Ruming

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This special section examines the possibility of meaningful debate and contestation over urban decisions and futures in politically constrained contexts. In doing so, it moves with the post-political times: critically examining the proliferation of deliber- ative mechanisms; identifying the informal assemblages of diverse actors taking on new roles in urban socio-spatial justice; and illuminating the spaces where informal and formal planning processes meet. These questions are particularly pertinent for understanding the processes shaping Australian cities and public participation today.

The Search For Instantaneous Vection: An Oscillating Visual Prime Reduces Vection Onset Latency, Stephen Palmisano, B Riecke

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2018 Palmisano, Riecke. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Typically it takes up to 10 seconds or more to induce a visual illusion of self-motion ("vection"). However, for this vection to be most useful in virtual reality and vehicle simulation, it needs to be induced quickly, if not immediately. This study examined whether vection onset latency could be reduced towards zero using visual display manipulations alone. In the main experiments, visual self-motion …

Hiv-1 Diversity Among Young Women In Rural South Africa: Hptn 068, Mariya Sivay, Sarah Hudelson, Jing Wang, Yaw Agyei, Erica Hamilton, Amanda Selin, Ann Dennis, Kathleen Kahn, Francesc Xavier Gomez-Olive, Catherine L. Mac Phail, James Hughes, Audrey Pettifor, Susan Eshleman, Mary Grabowski

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: South Africa has one of the highest rates of HIV-1 (HIV) infection world-wide, with the highest rates among young women. We analyzed the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary history of HIV in young women attending high school in rural South Africa.

Methods: Samples were obtained from the HPTN 068 randomized controlled trial, which evaluated the effect of cash transfers for school attendance on HIV incidence in women aged 13±20 years (Mpumalanga province, 2011±2015). Plasma samples from HIV-infected participants were analyzed using the ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping assay. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using 200 pol gene study sequences and 2,294 …

Transactional Sex And Incident Hiv Infection In A Cohort Of Young Women From Rural South Africa, Kelly N. Kilburn, Meghna Ranganathan, Marie Stoner, James Hughes, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Yaw Agyei, Francesc Xavier Gomez-Olive, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: In sub-Saharan Africa, young women who engage in transactional sex (the exchange of sex for money or gifts) with a male partner show an elevated risk of prevalent HIV infection. We analyse longitudinal data to estimate the association between transactional sex and HIV incidence.

Design: We used longitudinal data from a cohort of 2362 HIV-negative young women (aged 13-20 years) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial in rural, South Africa who were followed for up to four visits over 6 years.

Methods: The effect of transactional sex on incident HIV was analysed using stratified Cox proportional …

Sustainability And Scalability In Educational Technology Initiatives: Research-Informed Practice, Dale Niederhauser, Sarah Katherine Howard, Joke Voogt, Douglas Agyei, Therese Laferriere, Jo Tondeur, Margaret J. Cox

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Although a positive impact of technology interventions on educational practice and student outcomes has been shown in many previous research settings, the use of technology in classrooms and schools is still often superficial and not meeting the potential of technology as envisioned by education reformers and researchers in the field. However, when technology projects have been implemented successfully in educational practice and shown valuable impacts, sustainability within similar contexts is not guaranteed-let alone scaling the initiative to other broader contexts. This article builds on the discussions of the EDUsummIT 2017 Thematic Working Group 9 (TWG9) and the summary report that …

Teaching Young Second Language Learners In Lote Contexts, Honglin Chen, Janica Nordstrom

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The study of languages has long been considered to have important social, cognitive and economic benefits for individuals and the nation. In Australia, however, despite its growing strength in linguistic resources and the various Government initiatives, there has been a disturbing decline in languages study by school-aged children in Australia. For example, in the 1940s and 50s, over 40 percent of students graduated with a language (Teese & Polesol, 2003) which had declined to only 12 percent in 2012. In primary schools, aggregated cross-sectoral data from government, private and catholic systems in Sydney and Wollongong indicate that 30-40 percent of …

Postural Stability Predicts The Likelihood Of Cybersickness In Active Hmd-Based Virtual Reality, Benjamin Arcioni, Stephen Palmisano, Deborah M. Apthorp, Juno Kim

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2018 Cybersickness is common during virtual reality experiences with head-mounted displays (HMDs). Previously it has been shown that individual differences in postural activity can predict which people are more likely to experience visually-induced motion sickness. This study examined whether such predictions also generalise to the cybersickness experienced during active HMD-based virtual reality. Multisensory stimulation was generated by having participants continuously turn their heads from left to right while viewing the self-motion simulations. Real-time head tracking was then used to create ecological ('compensated') and non-ecological ('inversely compensated') head-and-display motion conditions. Ten (out of 20) participants reported feeling sick after being exposed …

Vection Is Enhanced By Increased Exposure To Optic Flow, Takeharu Seno, Kayoko Murata, Yoshitaka Fujii, Hidetoshi Kanaya, Masaki Ogawa, Kousuke Tokunaga, Stephen Palmisano

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2018, The Author(s) 2018. We examined whether vection strength could be modulated by altering the exposure duration to optic flow. Experiment 1 sourced 150 different video clips from various Japanese animation works which simulated self-motion. Despite large differences in the content of these video clips, we found a significant positive correlation between their play durations and their ratings of vection magnitude. Experiment 2 examined this relationship further using more tightly controlled visual motion stimuli. Vection was induced by presenting the motion of the same expanding grating stimulus for 8, 16, 32, or 64 seconds. While vection onset latencies remained constant …

Transformative Mobilities In The Pacific: Promoting Adaptation And Development In A Changing Climate, Carol Farbotko, Celia Mcmichael, Olivia V. Dun, Hedda Ransan-Cooper, Karen Elizabeth Mcnamara, Fanny Thornton

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Climate change is affecting Pacific life in significant and complex ways. Human mobility is shaped by climate change and is increasingly positioned by international agencies, policymakers, and governments as having an important role in both climate change adaptation and human development. We consider the potential for human mobility to promote adaptation and development among Pacific people in a changing climate. We argue that where Pacific people choose mobility, this should be supported and create opportunities that are responsive to the histories and existing patterns of mobility and place attachment among Pacific Islanders; commence from a position of climate and development …

Opercula, Michael J. Adams

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

I was born in India, but two years later my family were in Australia, part of the flotsam and jetsam of Empire washed up in a country no-one knew anything about. For the last thirty years I have lived close to saltwater Country on the Illawarra coast of New South Wales, where I can daily and nightly walk the tideline. At my favourite and secret local beach I watch the energy dissipate from waves born in ocean storms hundreds of kilometres away, and those waves, like Empire, wash all kinds of things ashore.

The Problem Isn't Dockless Share Bikes. It's The Lack Of Bike Parking, Glen Fuller, Gordon R. Waitt, Ian M. Buchanan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

It's a local government truism that Australian city dwellers care about only three things - rates, rubbish and parking. They want lower rates, the freedom to turf out as much trash as they like, and convenient free car parking. The arrival of dockless share bikes set these attitudes towards parking and rubbish on a collision course.

Junk Food Marketing On Instagram: Content Analysis, Amy Vassallo, Bridget Kelly, Lelin Zhang, Zhiyong Wang, Sarah Young, Becky Freeman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Omnipresent marketing of processed foods is a key driver of dietary choices and brand loyalty. Market data indicate a shift in food marketing expenditures to digital media, including social media. These platforms have greater potential to influence young people, given their unique peer-to-peer transmission and youths' susceptibility to social pressures. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of images and videos posted by the most popular, energy-dense, nutrient-poor food and beverage brands on Instagram and the marketing strategies used in these images, including any healthy choice claims. Methods: A content analysis of 15 accounts was …

Should Women Aged 70-74 Be Invited To Participate In Screening Mammography? A Report On Two Australian Community Juries, Christopher J. Degeling, Alexandra Barratt, Sanchia Aranda, Robin J. Bell, Jenny Doust, Nehmat Houssami, Jolyn Hersch, Ruben Sakowsky, Vikki A. Entwistle, Stacy M. Carter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective To elicit informed views from Australian women aged 70-74 regarding the acceptability of ceasing to invite women their age to participate in government-funded mammography screening (BreastScreen). Design Two community juries held in 2017. Setting Greater Sydney, a metropolis of 4.5 million people in New South Wales, Australia. Participants 34 women aged 70-74 with no personal history of breast cancer, recruited by random digit dialling and previously randomly recruited list-based samples. Main outcomes and measures Jury verdict and rationale in response to structured questions. We transcribed audio-recorded jury proceedings and identified central reasons for the jury's decision. Results The women's …

What's On Youtube? A Case Study On Food And Beverage Advertising In Videos Targeted At Children On Social Media, Leeann Tan, See Hoe Ng, Azahadi Omar, Tilakavati Karupaiah

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Unhealthy food marketing to children is a key risk factor for childhood obesity. Online video platforms have surpassed television as the primary choice for screen viewing among children but the extent of food marketing through such media is relatively unknown. We aimed to examine food and beverage advertisements (ads) encountered in YouTube videos targeting children in Malaysia. Methods: The social media analytics site SocialBlade.com was used to identify the most popular YouTube videos (n = 250) targeting children. Ads encountered while viewing these videos were recorded and analyzed for type of product promoted and ad format (video vs. overlay). …

What Are 'Decodable Readers' And Do They Work?, Misty Adoniou, Brian L. Cambourne, Robyn Ewing

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Victorian Coalition has promised $2.8 million for "decodable readers" for schools if they win the upcoming election. Money for books must surely be a good thing. But what exactly is a "decodable reader"? After all, surely all books are decodable. If they weren't decodable they would be unreadable.

Environmental Characteristics Of Early Childhood Education And Care, Daily Movement Behaviours And Adiposity In Toddlers: A Multilevel Mediation Analysis From The Get Up! Study, Zhiguang Zhang, Joao Rafael Rodrigues Pereira, Eduarda Manuela De Sousa Rodrigues De Sa, Anthony D. Okely, Xiaoqi Feng, Rute Santos

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Study objective: This study aimed to examine the direct effects of environmental characteristics of early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres on adiposity, and the indirect effects through daily movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary time and naps). Methods: 274 children (average age 19.73 ± 4.15 months) from 27 ECEC centres participated in this study. Environmental characteristics of ECEC centres were rated using the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-revised edition (ITERS-R). Daily movement behaviours were assessed using 24-h accelerometry. Body mass index z-scores were used to indicate adiposity. Results: There were no significant direct effects or indirect effects of environmental characteristics on …

Digital Explanation As Assessment In University Science, Wendy S. Nielsen, Helen Georgiou, Pauline T. Jones, Annette Turney

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Assessments in tertiary science subjects typically assess content knowledge, and there is current need to both develop and assess different forms of knowledge and skills, such as communications and digital literacies. A digital explanation is a multimodal artefact created by students to explain science to a specified audience, which is an alternate form of assessment that has potential to develop and assess these other important forms of knowledge and skills. This research draws from perspectives in multimodality, educational semiotics and science education to gain a better understanding of digital explanation as a form of assessment in university science. Data sources …

Joining The Research Conversation: Threshold Concepts Embedded In The Literature Review, Meeta Chatterjee, Wendy S. Nielsen, Sarah Sanders

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Doctoral education scholars associate doctoral learning with certain threshold concepts, many of which are embedded in the literature review. In considering this, we draw from a literary metaphor of 'joining the conversation' and report on a doctoral writing programme that blended elements of workshops, 'shut-up-and-write' sessions and thesis writing circles in the Faculty of Social Sciences at an Australian university. Findings illustrate conceptual thresholds engendered in the literature review. Study participants reported growing awareness of: the need for a critical voice; the difference between descriptive and critical writing; and, different ways to conduct and structure the literature review. Further, these …

Cash Transfers For Hiv Prevention: What Do Young Women Spend It On? Mixed Methods Findings From Hptn 068, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Nomhle Khoza, Amanda Selin, Aimee Julien, Rhian Twine, Ryan Wagner, Xavier Gomez-Olive, Kathleen Kahn, Jing Wang, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Social grants have been found to have an impact on health and wellbeing in multiple settings. Who receives the grant, however, has been the subject of discussion with regards to how the money is spent and who benefits from the grant. Methods: Using survey data from 1214 young women who were in the intervention arm and completed at least one annual visit in the HPTN 068 trial, and qualitative interview data from a subset of 38 participants, we examined spending of a cash transfer provided to young women conditioned on school attendance. Results: We found that spending was largely …

Children's Self-Regulation Of Eating Provides No Defense Against Television And Online Food Marketing, Jennifer A. Norman, Bridget Kelly, Anne T. Mcmahon, Emma J. Boyland, Louise A. Baur, Kathy Chapman, Lesley King, Clare Hughes, Adrian E. Bauman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Exposure to unhealthy food marketing stimulates children's food consumption. A child's responsiveness is influenced by individual factors, resulting in an increased vulnerability to advertising effects among some children. Whether these differential responses may be altered by different parental feeding behaviours is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parental feeding practices and children's food intake responses to food advertising exposure. A randomised, crossover, counterbalanced, within subject trial was conducted across four, six-day holiday camps in New South Wales, Australia between April 2016 and January 2017 with 160 children (7-12 years, n = 40/camp). Children were …