Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Early Self-Regulation, Early Self-Regulatory Change, And Their Longitudinal Relations To Adolescents' Academic, Health, And Mental Well-Being Outcomes, Steven J. Howard, Kate E. Williams

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To evaluate the extent to which early self-regulation and early changes in self-regulation are associated with adolescents' academic, health, and mental well-being outcomes.

Methods: Data were collected from 1 of the cohorts in a large dual-cohort cross-sequential study of Australian children. This cohort consisted of a nationally representative data set of 4983 Australian children assessed at 4 to 5 years of age, who were followed longitudinally to 14 to 15 years of age. Using regression within a path analysis framework, we first sought to investigate associations of early self-regulation (at 4-5 years and 6-7 years of age) …

Application Of A 10 Week Coaching Program Designed To Facilitate Volitional Personality Change: Overall Effects On Personality And The Impact Of Targeting, Jonathan Allan, Peter R. Leeson, Filip De Fruyt, Lesley S. Martin

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The current study explored the outcomes of a 10 week coaching program designed to facilitate volitional personality change. It also explored the impact of targeting specific personality facets on change. This research builds upon the burgeoning literature challenging the view that personality is fixed. The results of the study indicated that the 10 week program resulted in significant increases in participant's conscientiousness and extraversion and significant decreases in neuroticism. These changes were maintained 3 months post-intervention for neuroticism and extraversion. Targeting of associated facets significantly interacted with time during the intervention period for emotionality and conscientiousness, but not for extraversion.

Cash Transfers, Young Women’S Economic Well-Being, And Hiv Risk: Evidence From Hptn 068, Kelly N. Kilburn, James Hughes, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Ryan Wagner, F Gomez-Olive, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Despite the large interest in economic interventions to reduce HIV risk, little research has been done to show whether there are economic gains of these interventions for younger women and what intermediary role economic resources play in changing participants’ sexual behavior. This paper contributes to this gap by examining the impacts of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) for young women in South Africa on young women’s economic resources and the extent to which they play a role in young women’s health and behavior. We used data from HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 study, which provided transfers to young women (in …

Relationship Of Dietary Nitrate Intake From Vegetables With Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Prospective Study In A Cohort Of Older Australians, Alex Liu, Catherine Bondonno, Joanna Russell, Victoria M. Flood, Joshua Lewis, Kevin D. Croft, Richard Woodman, Wai Lim, Annette Kifley, Germaine Wong, Paul Mitchell, Jonathan Hodgson, Lauren Blekkenhorst

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Purpose: Short-term trials indicate inorganic nitrate and nitrate-rich vegetables may have vascular health benefits. However, few observational studies have explored the relationship between nitrate intake and long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association of nitrate intake from vegetables with CVD mortality in a sample of older Australians. Methods: A subgroup of participants without diabetes or major CVD at baseline (1992–1994) were included from the Blue Mountains Eye Study, a population-based cohort study of men and women aged ≥ 49 years. Diets were evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline, …

Goal Setting For Weight-Related Behavior Change In Children: An Exploratory Study, Abigail (Abi) Fisher, Megan Hammersley, Rachel A. Jones, Philip J. Morgan, Clare E. Collins, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: There is an absence of studies exploring different goal-setting appraches and none which have examined the use of proxy goal-setting by parents for their children. Aim: To explore how proficient parents are in setting health behaviour goals for their children according to SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-framed) goal principles. A secondary aim was to examine associations between goal setting and change in health behaviors. Methods: Participants were parents and children taking part in one of two trials incorporating goal setting. Study 1 (Time2bHealthy) was an online program for parents of preschoolers (n = 36) and Study 2 …

School-Home Partnerships: The Missing Piece In Obesity Prevention?, Anthony D. Okely, Megan Hammersley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Although the prevalence of child obesity has plateaued in some demographic groups, it remains high in most high-income countries.Schools have been identified as a key setting for preventing childhood obesity and improving obesity-related behaviours.Many such school-based interventions have been tested over the past 20 years, but only a handful of these have been successful...

Establishing A Framework For Learning To Teach English Pronunciation In An Australian Tesol Program, Michael S. Burri, Amanda Ann Baker, Honglin Chen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A substantial number of studies have been conducted in various second language teacher education settings. Yet, evidence about the effectiveness of teacher preparation continues to be debated and research findings about the efficacy of preparing language teachers are still somewhat inconclusive. As a further complication, even though pronunciation has regained some of its prominence in second language teaching, only minimal understanding exists about the preparation of pronunciation instructors in teacher education. The aim of this paper is to address this gap and to advance our understanding of teacher learning by first combining the findings from four research-based articles on learning …

A Systematic Review Of Mental Health Care Workers' Constructions About Culturally And Linguistically Diverse People, Tinashe Dune, Peter Caputi, Beverly M. Walker

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. A systematic review of research published in English was conducted across seven electronic databases in psychology, health and social sciences. The aim was to ascertain the nature of mental health care workers' constructions about culturally and linguistically diverse individuals in order to facilitate provision of culturally appropriate service delivery and multicultural training. The constructs and perspectives of 5,870 mental health workers with regards to minority populations …

Clinical Issues In Cannabis Use, Yvonne Bonomo, Jose Souza, Aidan Jackson, Jose Crippa, Nadia Solowij

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2018 The British Pharmacological Society Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance worldwide and the prevalence of users continues to increase. Over the last 2 decades, the world has seen significant changes regarding cannabis for recreational use as well as application in its use as a therapeutic medicine. This is likely to have influenced the decreasing perception of risks associated with the use of cannabis. Cannabis, however, is not benign and, depending on the pattern of its use, can incur a range of harmful effects, which have implications when prescribing medicinal cannabinoids for individuals. Based on research evidence from …

Recent Trends In Population Levels And Correlates Of Occupational And Leisure Sitting Time In Full-Time Employed Australian Adults, Anne Loyen, Tien Chey, Lina Engelen, Adrian E. Bauman, Jeroen Lakerveld, Hidde P. Van Der Ploeg, Johannes Brug, Josephine Chau

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study aimed to explore the trend in population levels, as well as the correlates, of occupational and leisure sitting time in full-time employed Australian adults between 2007 and 2015. We used data from the 2007/08, 2011/12 and 2014/15 Australian Health Surveys, in which nationally representative samples of the Australian population were interviewed. Full-time (≥35 hours/week) employed respondents reported sitting time at work and during leisure on a usual workday. Trends over time and associations between socio-demographic and health-related characteristics and sitting time were analysed in the combined dataset using multivariable logistic regression models. Over 21,000 observations were included in …

Big City Gaybourhoods: Where They Come From And Why They Still Matter, Scott J. Mckinnon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In London, there is Soho; in New York, Chelsea and Greenwich Village; and in San Francisco, there is the Castro. In Sydney, there is Darlinghurst and, more specifically, Oxford Street. These are neighbourhoods of large cities that have, since at least the 1950s and often earlier, developed a reputation as queer spaces. In more recent years, those reputations have begun to fade and the enduring meanings of the "gaybourhood" have come into question. But what each of these places represents is the centrality of urban space to the emergence of visible, "out and proud" lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer …

Connecting And Collaborating Across Oceania And Its Diaspora: A Shared Approach To Meaningful Development And Engagement, Jioji Ravulo

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Through this short, critical piece, I, as someone who comes from an Indigenous Pacific heritage, aim to challenge the way in which mainstream society positions societal problems as siloed, isolated from a structural, collective understanding of societal problems generally evident in Indigenous epistemologies. I suggest that by using an anti-oppressive social work practice approach where power imbalances are examined and understood within a wider context, we, as a Pacific community, are better equipped to create strategies and solutions that are inclusive of those traditionally not included in the conversation for change. We need to promote the importance of creating a …

How Do People Belong In The Pacific? Introduction To This Issue, Camellia B. Webb-Gannon, Jioji Ravulo

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In early 2016, the two editors of this issue met together to discuss our common research interests. At that time, one of us (Jioji Ravulo) was a Senior Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences and Psychology at Western Sydney University (WSU), and the other of us (Camellia Webb-Gannon) was a Research Fellow in the School of Humanities and Communication Arts at the same institution. Camellia, whose research focuses on decolonisation in Melanesia, had recently returned from the 2016 Australian Association for Pacific Studies (AAPS) conference in Cairns at which she had hoped she would meet other researchers of the …

Co-Thought Gesturing Supports More Complex Problem Solving In Subjects With Lower Visual Working-Memory Capacity, Charly Eielts, Wim T. J. L Pouw, Kim Ouwehand, Tamara Van Gog, Rolf A. Zwaan, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

During silent problem solving, hand gestures arise that have no communicative intent. The role of such co-thought gestures in cognition has been understudied in cognitive research as compared to co-speech gestures. We investigated whether gesticulation during silent problem solving supported subsequent performance in a Tower of Hanoi problem-solving task, in relation to visual working-memory capacity and task complexity. Seventy-six participants were assigned to either an instructed gesture condition or a condition that allowed them to gesture, but without explicit instructions to do so. This resulted in three gesture groups: (1) non-gesturing; (2) spontaneous gesturing; (3) instructed gesturing. In line with …

Research Ethics, Informed Consent And The Disempowerment Of First Nation Peoples, Juan M. Tauri

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Recently, Indigenous commentators have begun to analyse the way in which institutional Research Ethics Boards (REBs) engage with Indigenous researchers and participants, respond to Indigenous peoples' concerns with academic research activities, and scrutinise the ethics proposals of Indigenous scholars. Of particular concern for Indigenous commentators is that the work of REBs often results in the marginalisation of Indigenous approaches to knowledge construction and dissemination, especially in relation to the vexed issue of informed consent. Based on analysis of the results of research with Indigenous researchers and research participants, this paper argues that institutionalised REBs' preference for 'universal' and 'individualised' approaches …

Rabies Response, One Health And More-Than-Human Considerations In Indigenous Communities In Northern Australia, Christopher J. Degeling, Victoria Brookes, Tess Lea, Michael P. Ward

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Australia is currently canine rabies free; however, the spread of rabies in eastern Indonesia poses an increasing risk to northern Australia. Domestic dogs are numerous in East Arnhem Land (EAL) and the Northern Peninsular Area (NPA), usually unrestrained and living in close relationships with humans. The response to any rabies outbreak on Australian territory will focus on dog vaccination, controlling dog movements and depopulation. A One Health approach to zoonotic disease control should seek to co-promote human and animal health, whilst also seeking to accommodate the preferences of affected communities. We report on 5 collaborative workshops and 28 semi-structured interviews …

Development, Implementation And Evaluation Of Australia's First National Continuing Medical Education Program For The Timely Diagnosis And Management Of Dementia In General Practice, Heike Schutze, Allan Shell, Henry Brodaty

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Dementia is the second leading cause of death in Australia. Over half of patients with dementia are undiagnosed in primary care. This paper describes the development, implementation and initial evaluation of the first national continuing medical education program on the timely diagnosis and management of dementia in general practice in Australia. Methods: Continuing medical education workshops were developed and run in 16 urban and rural locations across Australia (12 were delivered as small group workshops, four as large groups), and via online modules. Two train-the-trainer workshops were held. The target audience was general practitioners, however, international medical graduates, GP …

Ranking Of Production Animalwelfare And Ethics Issues In Australia And New Zealand By Veterinary Students, Amelia Cornish, Andrew D. Fisher, Teresa Collins, Christopher J. Degeling, Rafael Freire, Susan J. Hazel, Jennifer Hood, Janice Lloyd, Clive J. C Phillips, Kevin Stafford, Vicky Tzioumis, Paul Mcgreevy

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The importance of animal welfare and ethics (AWE) within the veterinary education should reflect community concerns and expectations about AWE, and the professional demands of veterinary accreditation on the first day of practice (or 'Day One' competences). Currently, much interest and debate surrounds the treatment of production animals, particularly around live export. To explore the attitudes to AWE of veterinary students in Australia and New Zealand, a survey was undertaken to (i) understand what students consider important AWE topics for initial production animal competence; and (ii) ascertain how these priorities correlated with gender, area of intended practice and stage-of-study. The …

Supporting Youth Wellbeing With A Focus On Eating Well And Being Active: Views From An Aboriginal Community Deliberative Forum, Jacqueline M. Street, Heather Cox, Edilene Lopes, Jessie Motlik, Lisa Hanson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: Including and prioritising community voice in policy development means policy is more likely to reflect community values and priorities. This project trialled and evaluated a storyboard approach in a deliberative community forum to engage Australian Aboriginal people in health policy priority setting. Methods: The forum was co-constructed with two Aboriginal community-controlled organisations. A circle storyboard was used to centre Aboriginal community knowledge and values and encourage the group to engage with broader perspectives and evidence. The forum asked a diverse (descriptively representative) group of Aboriginal people in a rural town what governments should do to support the wellbeing of …

Village Community Mobilization Is Associated With Reduced Hiv Incidence In Young South African Women Participating In The Hptn 068 Study Cohort, Sheri Lippman, Anna Leddy, Torsten Neilands, Jennifer Ahern, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Ryan Wagner, Dean Peacock, Rhian Twine, Dana Goin, F Gomez-Olive, Amanda Selin, Stephen Tollman, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in South Africa bear a disproportionate burden of HIV. Community mobilization (CM), defined as community members taking collective action to achieve a common goal related to health, equity and rights, has been associated with increased HIV testing and condom use and has been called a 'critical enabler' for addressing the HIV epidemic. However, limited research has examined whether CM is associated with HIV incidence among AGYW. Methods: We examine the association of CM with incident HIV among AGYW (ages 13 to 21) enrolled in the HPTN 068 cohort in the Agincourt Health and …

Rural Cultural Resourcefulness: How Community Music Enterprises Sustain Cultural Vitality, Christopher R. Gibson, Andrea Gordon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper explores how musical performance and expression catalyse rural cultural resourcefulness amidst uncertainty and change. We describe and then challenge conceptions of rural vulnerability and resilience amidst substantial social, environmental and economic change. Rural populations are increasingly constituted as vulnerable subjects within state-expert modelling of economic and environmental resilience. Yet, cultural resources and capacities are seldom acknowledged. Community music provides an often invisible and overlooked example. In rural locations music may struggle to be a commercially viable industry, but takes different forms in diverse community music enterprises, including non-profit clubs, orchestras, ensembles, choirs and festivals. Such enterprises sustain engaged …

Diverse Driving Emotions: Exploring Chinese Migrants' Mobilities In A Car-Dependent City, Sophie-May Kerr, Natascha Klocker, Gordon R. Waitt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In the industrialized West, cars are considered an essential part of everyday life. Their dominance is underpinned by the challenges of managing complex, geographically stretched daily routines. Drivers' emotional and embodied relationships with automobiles also help to explain why car cultures are difficult to disrupt. This article foregrounds ethnic diversity to complicate notions of a "love affair" with the car. We report on the mobilities of fourteen Chinese migrants living in Sydney, Australia-many of whom described embodied dispositions against the car, influenced by their life histories. Their emotional responses to cars and driving, shaped by transport norms and infrastructures in …

Labour Geographies Of Workplace Restructuring: An Intra‐Labour Analysis, Andrew T. Warren

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Informed by labour geography's thrust to situate workers as active subjects of analysis, this article examines lived experiences of restructuring at Australia's single largest industrial workplace. Drawing on extended ethnographic research, the article traverses three restructuring outcomes faced by workers and their families: (1) job retention; (2) redundancy; and (3) re‐employment. Amid the turbulence and uncertainty of a major workplace restructuring episode, workers' different lived experiences illuminate uneven intra‐labour power relations. As capitalist workplaces are re‐organised and labour processes redefined, more conflictual and divisive relationships often develop among groups of workers differentially positioned within the hierarchical labour markets of large …

A Narrative Review Of School-Based Physical Activity For Enhancing Cognition And Learning: The Importance Of Relevancy And Integration, Myrto F. Mavilidi, Margina Ruiter, Mirko Schmidt, Anthony D. Okely, Sofie M. M Loyens, Paul A. Chandler, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Engaging in regular physical activity can have substantial cognitive and academic benefits for children, and is generally promoted for its beneficial effects on children's physical and mental health. Although embodied cognition research has convincingly shown the integral relationship of the human body and mind, in schools physical activity and cognitive activity are typically treated as unrelated processes. Consequently, most physical activities used are neither sufficiently relevant for nor fully integrated into the learning tasks. In reviewing the literature regarding the integration of physical activity into education to promote cognition and learning, two main lines of research emerged: exercise and cognition …

Finding Their Voice: Singing And Teaching With Refugees In Australia, Skye Playsted

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Research On Teacher Cognition And Pronunciation Instruction: Implications For Teachers, Amanda Ann Baker

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Role Of Sleep Duration And Sleep-Related Problems In The Metabolic Syndrome Among Children And Adolescents, Leonardo Pulido-Arjona, Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista, Cesar A. Agostinis-Sobrinho, Jorge Mota, Rute Santos, Maria Correa-Rodriguez, Antonio Garcia-Hermoso, Robinson Ramirez-Velez

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: There is increasing recognition that sleep is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between self-reported sleep duration, sleep-related problems and the presence of MetS in children and adolescents from Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis from the FUPRECOL study (2014-15). Participants included 2779 (54.2% girls) youth from Bogota (Colombia). MetS was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the metabolic abnormalities (hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], hypertension, and increased waist circumference) according to the criteria of de Ferranti/Magge and colleges. Self-reported sleep …

Children's Sports Participation And Self-Regulation: Bi-Directional Longitudinal Associations, Steven J. Howard, Stewart A. Vella, Dylan P. Cliff

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Early self-regulation is essential to positive life outcomes and sports are speculated to generate self-regulatory improvements. Preliminary research supports this assertion, showing some sports might yield short-term self-regulatory improvements and elite athletes tend to excel in cognitive functions underlying self-regulation. What remains unclear is whether sports improve self-regulation or better self-regulators engage in sport. We investigated whether sport participation in early childhood (4-5 years) predicted change in children's self-regulation two years later; and early self-regulation (4-5 years) predicted change in sports participation two years later. Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, which consisted of 4385 children …

Second-Hand Exposure Of Staff Administering Vaporised Cannabinoid Products To Patients In A Hospital Setting, Nadia Solowij, Peter Galettis, Samantha J. Broyd, Peter De Krey, Jennifer H. Martin

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background In many health settings, administration of medicinal cannabis poses significant implementation barriers including drug storage and safety for administering staff and surrounding patients. Different modes of administration also provide different yet potentially significant issues. One route that has become of clinical interest owing to the rapid onset of action and patient control of the inhaled amount (via breath timing and depth) is that of vaporisation of cannabinoid products. Although requiring a registered therapeutic device for administration, this is a relatively safe method of intrapulmonary administration that may be particularly useful for patients with difficulty swallowing, and for those in …

Vertical Whiteboarding: Riding The Wave Of Student Activity In A Mathematics Classroom, Patricia A. Forrester, Carolyn Mcphail, Suellen L. Denny

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In 2014 we commenced working on the Inspiring Mathematics and Science in Teacher Education (IMSITE) project, aimed at improving mathematics and science education in Australia by improving the recruitment, development and retention of mathematics and science teachers. In this project we undertook a range of activities, the most exciting of which was the introduction of whiteboarding as a tool to actively engage high school students with mathematics.