Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Can Noisy Gardeners Turn Over A New Leaf? Evaluation Of Landscapers And Gardeners On A University Campus, Laurent P. Maziere, Jane L. Whitelaw, Linda A. Apthorpe

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at AIOH 2016, 3-7 December 2016, Gold Coast, Australia.

Evaluation Of Inorganic Arsenic Exposure At Multi Metal Processing Facility. When Air Monitoring Alone Just Doesn't Work!, Stuart J. Roseberg, Jane L. Whitelaw

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Metals smelting and processing has been associated with exposure to airborne inorganic arsenic and an increased risk of health effects. Biological monitoring on a metals processing site identified urinary arsenic concentrations exceeding corporate and ACGIH guidelines at levels associated with increased risks of health effects. Plant operators considered the inhalation of arsenic trioxide powder (As2O3), used in the process, as the source of their exposure. This study's initial objective was to determine operator exposures to airborne inorganic arsenic. Two groups of plant operators participated in full shift personal air monitoring and biological monitoring over their working weeks. In parallel, wipe …

More Shark Nets For Nsw: Why Haven't We Learned From Wa's Cull?, Leah Maree Gibbs

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

New South Wales Premier Mike Baird has this week announced a plan for a six-month trial of shark nets off the beaches of northern NSW. This would extend the state's shark net program from the 51 beaches currently netted between Wollongong and Newcastle. The announcement was triggered by Wednesday's shark accident, in which a surfer received minor injuries from a shark bite at Sharpes Beach, Ballina. The decision marks a turn-around in Premier Baird's position on sharks. For over a year he has acknowledged the importance of addressing the issue, and has adopted a measured, long-term, non-lethal approach to managing …

Super-Memorizers Are Not Super-Recognizers, Meike Ramon, Sebastien R. Miellet, Anna Dzieciol, Boris Konrad, Martin Dresler, Roberto Caldara

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2016 Ramon et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Humans have a natural expertise in recognizing faces. However, the nature of the interaction between this critical visual biological skill and memory is yet unclear. Here, we had the unique opportunity to test two individuals who have had exceptional success in the World Memory Championships, including several world records in face-name association memory. We designed a range of face processing tasks to determine …

Augmenting Instructional Animations With A Body Analogy To Help Children Learn About Physical Systems, Wim T. J. L Pouw, Tamara Van Gog, Rolf A. Zwaan, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We investigated whether augmenting instructional animations with a body analogy (BA) would improve 10- to 13-year-old children's learning about class-1 levers. Children with a lower level of general math skill who learned with an instructional animation that provided a BA of the physical system, showed higher accuracy on a lever problemsolving reaction time task than children studying the instructional animation without this BA. Additionally, learning with a BA led to a higher speed-accuracy trade-off during the transfer task for children with a lower math skill, which provided additional evidence that especially this group is likely to be affected by learning …

Preschool And Childcare Center Characteristics Associated With Children's Physical Activity During Care Hours: An Observational Study, Trina Hinkley, Jo Salmon, David Crawford, Anthony D. Okely, Kylie Hesketh

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Preschools and childcare settings offer opportunities to promote adequate levels of physical activity. Research is needed to identify the key features of these settings to optimize young children's activity. The aims of this study were to determine if differences existed in preschool children's physical activity during care hours compared with outside care hours and to examine a comprehensive range of potential center-based correlates of physical activity for preschool boys and girls. Methods: Data are from the Healthy Active Preschool and Primary Years study: 71 childcare centers, 65 preschools and 1002 preschool children. Percent of time in total (light- to …

Metatalk: Enabling Metalinguistic Discussion About Writing, Ruth Newman, Debra Myhill

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Historically, theoretical consideration of metalinguistic understanding has scarcely addressed the issue in the context of writing, other than in relation to early years writing development where there is a substantial body of work. Consequently, there is very limited understanding of how older writers in the upper primary and secondary phase of schooling develop metalinguistic understanding about writing. Arguably, writing is always an act of selecting, shaping, reflecting and revising (Myhill, 2011) and thus draws crucially on metalinguistic activity. Critical to the development of this metalinguistic understanding is how teachers manage ¿metatalk¿, talk about language use in writing, during instructional interactions …

Navigating The Knowledge Sets Of Older Learners: Exploring The Capitals Of First-Infamily Mature Age Students, Sarah Elizabeth O'Shea

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper is based upon research with Australian students who were the first in their family to come to university. The studies sought to explore how attending university impacted upon both the learners and their families, particularly the intergenerational implications of this attendance. Drawing on indepth interviews conducted with older university students enrolled in a medium sized regional university, this paper will focus on how this mature cohort articulated the ways in which they drew upon life and work experiences during their transition to university. Applying the Community Cultural Framework (Yosso, 2005) this article proposes that these learners brought a …

Discourses Of Betterment And Opportunity: Exploring The Privileging Of University Attendance For First-In-Family Learners, Sarah Elizabeth O'Shea, Cathy Stone, Janine Delahunty, Josephine May

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Much of the literature on university access and participation positions people from disadvantaged backgrounds as those who have not 'traditionally' attended university. Certain student cohorts are presented as lacking the skills or requisite knowledges to achieve academic success, requiring additional assistance from institutions to address these gaps. Rather than approach such students from a position of 'lack', this article problematises the concept of privilege, particularly as this relates to the perceived benefits of university attendance. Drawing on rich qualitative interviews with first-infamily students, this article discusses the nature of these learners' expectations of university, particularly those related to the promise …

Exploring Engineering Instructors' Views About Writing And Online Tools To Support Communication In Engineering, Sarah Katherine Howard, Maryam Khosronejad, Rafael Calvo

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

To be fully prepared for the professional workplace, Engineering students need to be able to effectively communicate. However, there has been a growing concern in the field about students' preparedness for this aspect of their future work. It is argued that online writing tools, to engage numbers of students in the writing process, can support feedback on and development of writing in engineering on a larger scale. Through interviews and questionnaires, this study explores engineering academics' perceptions of writing to better understand how online writing tools may be integrated into their teaching. Results suggest that writing is viewed positively in …

Languages Discourses In Australian Middle-Class Schools: Parent And Student Perspectives, Jan Wright, Kenneth E. Cruickshank, Stephen Black

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Much of the literature on social class and language study in schools argues that for middle-class parents and their children, languages are chosen for their capacity to offer forms of distinction that provide an edge in the global labour market. In this paper, we draw on data collected from interviews with parents and children in middle-class schools in Australia to demonstrate how a complex amalgam of elite, cultural identity and/or trade language discourses came into play to explain the choice (or not) to study a language and the choice of specific languages. For many of the parents languages provided a …

The Effect Of A Conditional Cash Transfer On Hiv Incidence In Young Women In Rural South Africa (Hptn 068): A Phase 3, Randomised Controlled Trial, Audrey Pettifor, Catherine L. Mac Phail, James Hughes, Amanda Selin, Jing Wang, F Gomez-Olive, Susan Eshleman, Ryan Wagner, Wonderful Mabuza, Nomhle Khoza, Chirayath Suchindran, Immitrude Mokoena, Rhian Twine, Philip C. Andrews, Ellen Townley, Oliver Laeyendecker, Yaw Agyei, Stephen Tollman, Kathleen Kahn

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

Cash transfers have been proposed as an intervention to reduce HIV-infection risk for young women in sub-Saharan Africa. However, scarce evidence is available about their effect on reducing HIV acquisition. We aimed to assess the effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV incidence among young women in rural South Africa.

Methods

We did a phase 3, randomised controlled trial (HPTN 068) in the rural Bushbuckridge subdistrict in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. We included girls aged 13–20 years if they were enrolled in school grades 8–11, not married or pregnant, able to read, they and their parent or guardian …

Physical Activity And Fitness Outcomes Of A Lifestyle Intervention For Primary Care Patients With Depression And Anxiety: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Adrienne Forsyth, Frank P. Deane, Peter G. Williams

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Patients currently being treated for depression and/or anxiety were referred by their GP and randomised to a 12-week individually tailored diet and exercise lifestyle intervention or an attention control group. Assessments at baseline and 12 weeks included the Active Australia Survey for self-reported physical activity, chair stands, arm curls and a 3-min step test to measure physical fitness. Intent-to-treat analyses using linear mixed modelling showed both groups significantly improved participation in physical activity and muscular endurance. There were no significant differences in improvement between groups. The only group by time interaction was found for body mass index and indicated greater …

The Normative Power Of Food Promotions: Australian Children's Attachments To Unhealthy Food Brands, Bridget Kelly, Becky Freeman, Lesley King, Kathy Chapman, Louise A. Baur, Timothy P. Gill

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The formation of food brand associations and attachment is fundamental to brand preferences, which influence purchases and consumption. Food promotions operate through a cascade of links, from brand recognition, to affect, and on to consumption. Frequent exposures to product promotions may establish social norms for products, reinforcing brand affect. These pathways signify potential mechanisms for how children's exposure to unhealthy food promotions can contribute to poor diets. The present study explored children's brand associations and attachments for major food brands. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Fourteen study brands were used, with each child viewing a set of seven logos. …

Sedentary Time, Physical Activity And Compliance With Iom Recommendations In Young Children At Childcare, Yvonne Ellis, Dylan P. Cliff, Xanne Janssen, Rachel A. Jones, John J. Reilly, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The aim of this study was to report patterns of sitting, standing and physical activity (PA) and compliance with Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations for sedentary behavior (SB) and PA among children aged 1 to 5 years at childcare, and examine sociodemographic variations. Sitting, standing and PA time was assessed using an activPAL inclinometer over a period of 1 to 5 days in 301 children (49% boys; mean age = 3.7 ± 1.0 years) across 11 childcare services in Illawarra, NSW, Australia. Breaks and bouts of sitting and standing were calculated and categorized. Height and weight were assessed and parents …

Sodium And Potassium Urinary Excretion And Dietary Intake: A Cross-Sectional Analysis In Adolescents, Carla Goncalves, Sandra Abreu, Patricia Padrao, Olivia Pinho, Pedro Graca, Joao Breda, Rute Santos, Pedro Moreira

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Hypertension is the leading cause for heart disease and stroke, for mortality and morbidity worldwide, and a high sodium-to-potassium intake ratio is considered a stronger risk factor for hypertension than sodium alone. Objective: This study aims to evaluate sodium and potassium urinary excretion, and assess the food sources of these nutrients in a sample of Portuguese adolescents. Design: A cross-sectional study with a sample of 250 Portuguese adolescents. Sodium and potassium excretion were measured by one 24-h urinary collection, and the coefficient of creatinine was used to validate completeness of urine collections. Dietary sources of sodium and potassium were …

Identifying Correlates And Determinants Of Physical Activity In Youth: How Can We Advance The Field?, Andrew J. Atkin, Esther M. F Van Sluijs, James Dollman, Wendell C. Taylor, Rebecca M. Stanley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This commentary provides a critical discussion of current research investigating the correlates and determinants of physical activity in young people, with specific focus on conceptual, theoretical and methodological issues. We draw on current child and adolescent literature and our own collective expertise to illustrate our discussion. We conclude with recommendations that will strengthen future research and help to advance the field.

Transition Of Children With Disabilities Into Early Childhood Education And Care Centres, Jane D. Warren, Wilma Vialle, Roselyn M. Dixon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper reports on findings from research which sought to understand, in the New South Wales (NSW) context, the factors impacting on the transition into early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres for children with disabilities from the perspective of both parents of children with disabilities and educators in ECEC centres. The study aimed to identify successes and barriers, and consider potential interventions and procedures that might increase the participation of children with disabilities in ECEC centres. This paper will discuss findings from the educator perspective only, including 37 completed questionnaires and semi-structured interviews from 10 teacher participants. Thematic analysis …

A Passion For Geography Flourishes At The University Of Wollongong, Gordon R. Waitt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

University of Wollongong acknowledges that never has there been a more exciting or important time to do Geography. There are new global challenges, problems and anomalies emerging that need creative solutions. University of Wollongong recognised that a Geography degree provides graduates with an eclectic and interdisciplinary skill-set necessary to address these challenges. Graduates will be trained in both the skill sets of a scientist and a social scientist, alongside communication, writing, and analytical skills. UOW Geography graduates will be analytical and critical thinkers toward social, cultural and physical problems and issues. The UOW Bachelor of Geography provides graduates with a …

Gender, Ethnicity And Sustainable Mobility: A Governmentality Analysis Of Migrant Chinese Women's Daily Trips In Sydney, Gordon R. Waitt, Sophie-May Kerr, Natascha Klocker

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The automobile is acknowledged as an urgent environmental sustainability issue in cities where it remains pivotal to everyday life and society. We explore the potential of migrants - from societies where urban spaces and everyday life are not centred on the automobile - to elucidate pathways for reducing car dependence. This paper explores the sustainability implications of everyday mobility decisions in Sydney, Australia, through the mobility discourses of female migrants from China. Our governmentality analyses suggest a preference, among female Chinese migrants, to initially walk and cycle after arriving in Sydney. Many expressed a fear rather than a love of …

Sexuality, Scott J. Mckinnon, Andrew W. Gorman-Murray

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This chapter investigates sexuality as an individual and collective identity category. The notion of sexual identity is a particularly modern mode of identity and belonging originating in the West in the late nineteenth century and proliferating and transforming over the twentieth century. In this chapter, we explore how sexuality operates as a point of identity and belonging by, firstly, tracing the emergence of sexuality as the basis of personal and collective identities in the West. Once seen as behaviours or acts, sexual desires would gradually be framed in discourse as a critical and innate element of one's being. This discursive …

General Practitioners' Experiences Of, And Responses To, Uncertainty In Prostate Cancer Screening: Insights From A Qualitative Study, Kristen Pickles, Stacy M. Carter, Lucie Rychetnik, Kirsten Mccaffery, Vikki A. Entwistle

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for prostate cancer is controversial. There are unresolved tensions and disagreements amongst experts, and clinical guidelines conflict. This both reflects and generates significant uncertainty about the appropriateness of screening. Little is known about general practitioners' (GPs') perspectives and experiences in relation to PSA testing of asymptomatic men. In this paper we asked the following questions: (1) What are the primary sources of uncertainty as described by GPs in the context of PSA testing? (2) How do GPs experience and respond to different sources of uncertainty? Methods This was a qualitative study that explored general practitioners' …

An Empirical Study Of The 'Underscreened' In Organised Cervical Screening: Experts Focus On Increasing Opportunity As A Way Of Reducing Differences In Screening Rates, Jane H. Williams, Stacy M. Carter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Cervical cancer disproportionately burdens disadvantaged women. Organised cervical screening aims to make cancer prevention available to all women in a population, yet screening uptake and cancer incidence and mortality are strongly correlated with socioeconomic status (SES). Reaching underscreened populations is a stated priority in many screening programs, usually with an emphasis on something like 'equity'. Equity is a poorly defined and understood concept. We aimed to explain experts' perspectives on how cervical screening programs might justifiably respond to 'the underscreened'. Methods This paper reports on a grounded theory study of cervical screening experts involved in program organisation. Participants were …

Doctors' Perspectives On Psa Testing Illuminate Established Differences In Prostate Cancer Screening Rates Between Australia And The Uk: A Qualitative Study, Kristen Pickles, Stacy M. Carter, Lucie Rychetnik, Vikki A. Entwistle

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives To examine how general practitioners (GPs) in the UK and GPs in Australia explain their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing practices and to illuminate how these explanations are similar and how they are different. Design A grounded theory study. Setting Primary care practices in Australia and the UK. Participants 69 GPs in Australia (n=40) and the UK (n=29). We included GPs of varying ages, sex, clinical experience and patient populations. All GPs interested in participating in the study were included. Results GPs' accounts revealed fundamental differences in whether and how prostate cancer screening occurred in their practice and in the …

Ethical Justifications In Alcohol-Related Health Warning Discourse, Emma Muhlack, Jaklin Eliott, D Carter, Annette J. Braunack-Mayer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Cancer is the second most common cause of alcohol-related death in both men and women in Australia. In view of this and other health risks, mandatory health warnings on alcoholic beverages have been proposed in Australia and introduced elsewhere. This paper reviews academic literature and statements from selected advocacy groups to identify the ethical justifications that are used in relation to mandatory health warnings on alcoholic beverages. The paper then analyses how these justifications relate to the ethics of public health interventions in the context of cancer prevention. This involves examining the potential tension between the utilitarian nature of public …

Sexual Harassment And Gender Discrimination In Wildland Fire Management Must Be Addressed, Christine Eriksen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Sexual harassment and gender discrimination are behavioral patterns not uncommon in the many varied settings of wildland fire. Whether in the classroom, on the fireline, in a government or non-governmental organization office, women and men are subjected to and are targets of sexual harassment and gender discrimination on a daily basis. The prevalence of this issue, its causes, its impacts, and potential solutions are the foci of this Associa- tion for Fire Ecology (AFE) position paper.

More Standing And Just As Productive: Effects Of A Sit-Stand Desk Intervention On Call Center Workers' Sitting, Standing, And Productivity At Work In The Opt To Stand Pilot Study, Josephine Chau, William Sukala, Karla Fedel, Anna Do, Lina Engelen, Megan Kingham, Amanda Sainsbury, Adrian E. Bauman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study evaluated the effects of sit-stand desks on workers' objectively and subjectively assessed sitting, physical activity, and productivity. This quasi-experimental study involved one intervention group (n = 16) and one comparison group (n = 15). Participants were call center employees from two job-matched teams at a large telecommunications company in Sydney, Australia (45% female, 33 ± 11 years old). Intervention participants received a sit-stand desk, brief training, and daily e-mail reminders to stand up more frequently for the first 2 weeks post-installation. Control participants carried out their usual work duties at seated desks. Primary outcomes were workday …

Ethical Aspects Of Cancer Screening, Stacy M. Carter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Screening for cancer or cancer risk is well-established in high-income countries. This article considers ethical aspects of cancer screening. Ethical evaluation of screening depends on a contested evidence base, interacts with people's fear of cancer, and their enthusiasm for technology in general and screening in particular. Cancer screening is both a clinical and a public health activity, and so the often-conflicting frameworks from both clinical ethics and public health ethics are relevant to its evaluation. Cancer screening is an intrusion by health services into the lives of well individuals and so requires strong justification. Cancer screening can and should prevent …

International Field Placements- Which Model Will Fit Me, My Team And My Students?, Mim Fox

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

International field placements have become increasingly popular, in line with globalisation (Panos, 2005), and global interdependance (Pettys et al., 2005). Key areas of learning for social work students undertaking an international field placement include international comparison (Healy, 2008), cross-cultural skills and anti-colonialist practice (Gray, 2005), and the development of cultural sensitivity and ethnorelativism (Engstrom and Jones, 2007).

Avoiding The Manufacture Of 'Sameness': First-In-Family Students, Cultural Capital And The Higher Education Environment, Sarah Elizabeth O'Shea

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Drawing upon Bourdieu's theories of social and cultural capital, a number of studies of the higher education environment have indicated that students who are first-in-family to come to university may lack the necessary capitals to enact success. To address this issue, university transition strategies often have the primary objective of 'filling students up' with legitimate forms of cultural capital required by the institution. However, this article argues that such an approach is fundamentally flawed, as students can be either framed as deficit or replete in capitals depending on how their particular background and capabilities are perceived. Drawing on interviews conducted …