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Articles 1441 - 1470 of 2981
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Context Effects And Lexical Ambiguity Processing: An Activation-Based Account, Frazier Orgain
Context Effects And Lexical Ambiguity Processing: An Activation-Based Account, Frazier Orgain
Master's Theses
Many studies have been conducted to test the effects of ambiguous words in sentence processing. There are two views: the modularity hypothesis and the interactive hypothesis that dominate this field of study. The effect of ambiguity has been tested in many ways, including gating, cross-modal priming, naming, and self-paced reading. This utilizes the methods of self paced reading with lexical decision and naming tasks to examine the hypotheses as they relate to the access period of lexical differentiation. Results indicate that context has an immediate effect, after which participants look to other factors to discern meaning of a sentence. Details …
Working Memory In Schizophrenics And Older Adults : A Mediator For Episodic Memory Deficits?, Matthew W. Webster
Working Memory In Schizophrenics And Older Adults : A Mediator For Episodic Memory Deficits?, Matthew W. Webster
Master's Theses
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of working memory on episodic memory in older adults and adults with schizophrenia. This study included 15 adults with schizophrenia, 20 young adults without psychopathology, and 21 older adults without psychopathology. Storage working memory scores were greater than processing working memory scores in all groups. Young adults had the fewest problems with episodic and working memory, compared to older adults and adults with schizophrenia, who had similar deficits in both memory types. Speed of processing was found to be the greatest predictor of working memory capacity.
Parent-Child Attachment And Communication Quality As Indicators Of Psychological Adjustment : Preliminary Implications For Psychological Maltreatment Research, Sarah Kobielski
Master's Theses
This study examined the dynamics of the parent-child relationship by determining whether or not the quality of parent-child attachment and communication patterns are related to child endorsed adjustment outcomes. In addition, examination of the parentchild relationship is useful way to better understand the domain of psychological maltreatment, and likewise, attachment and communication quality are suggested to major contributing factors to the development of psychological maltreatment. 42 children completed the Parent-Adolescent Communication scale (PACS), the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), and the Emotional Symptoms Index (ESI). 22 parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Matson Evaluation of …
Group Polarization And Social Norms On Normative Body Weight Misperception And Eating Disordered Symptomology, Kelly Sears Cox
Group Polarization And Social Norms On Normative Body Weight Misperception And Eating Disordered Symptomology, Kelly Sears Cox
Master's Theses
Group polarization, social norms, and misperceptions of normative body weight were evaluated in sorority and non-sorority (comparison) undergraduate women at the University of Richmond. The participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, the Weight Locus of Control Scale, the Rosenburg Self-esteem Scale, the Multidimensional Body- Self Relations Questionnaire, and several self-report questions. Sorority and comparison participants significantly misperceived normative body weight. One sorority differed significantly from the other groups on misperception of normative body weight and the Eating Disorder Inventory-2. The comparison group had significantly lower scores than the three sororities on the Self-Esteem Scale. The four instruments did not significantly …
Alterations In Neurogenesis Following The Transition From Virgin To Maternal/Lactating Female, Elizabeth Amory
Alterations In Neurogenesis Following The Transition From Virgin To Maternal/Lactating Female, Elizabeth Amory
Master's Theses
The hippocampus displays hormone induced plasticity during estrus. Pregnancy, which exposes a female to a significantly longer duration of elevated estrogen and progesterone, results in even greater changes in neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, with late-pregnant and lactating females displaying a significantly higher concentration of apical dendritic spines. Hippocampal astrocytes were increased in number and showed more and thicker processes in late-pregnant and lactating females. Such anatomical changes may also enhance spatial learning and memory. Changes in reproductive capacity may influence the rate at which new neurons are born, so called neurogenesis. In two experiments, neurogenesis in …
Reproductive Experience And Stress Responsiveness, Jennifer Elizabeth Wartella
Reproductive Experience And Stress Responsiveness, Jennifer Elizabeth Wartella
Master's Theses
Hormonal fluctuations and maternal behavior associated with pregnancy and postpartum care of pups induce many changes in the female rat. Circulating hormonal surges during pregnancy modify the female brain in preparation for motherhood. Past studies identify the medial preoptic area, the hypothalamus and the basal forebrain as structures dense in hormonal receptors involved in controlling reproductive behavior. The hippocampus and amygdala possess many hormonal receptors. Neurons exposed to pregnancy hormones develop new synapses and increased spine density, changes reflected in behavioral preparations, such as nest building and increased foraging, for the new pups. Following the experience of birth, pup stimulation …
Attention, Memory, And Self-Efficacy Differences Between Adhd And Aging Individuals, Douglas Lee Welsh
Attention, Memory, And Self-Efficacy Differences Between Adhd And Aging Individuals, Douglas Lee Welsh
Master's Theses
Attention and memory abilities decline with age. Although a similar pattern of attentional and memory decrement has been observed in individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), these two populations have never been directly compared. The present study examined performance on attention, self-efficacy (SE), and memory tasks by ADHD young adults and non-ADHD younger and older adults. ADHD adults displayed lower attentional SE than both non-ADHD younger and older adults, but performed comparably to older adults on an attention task on which non-ADHD younger adults outperformed both groups. ADHD adults and older adults had lower memory SE than non-AD HD …
Glial Cell Alterations In The Rat Medial Preoptic Area And Hippocampus As A Function Of Reproductive State, Gordon Wentworth Gifford
Glial Cell Alterations In The Rat Medial Preoptic Area And Hippocampus As A Function Of Reproductive State, Gordon Wentworth Gifford
Master's Theses
Changes in reproductive state are accompanied by fluctuating levels of female gonadal hormones at higher levels and for longer periods of time than the normal estrus cycle. These hormones have been noted, in cell culture and over the regular estrus cycle, to influence structural changes in neurons and glial cells in areas of the brain associated with the conduct of maternal behavior. The purpose of this project was to characterize changes in GFAP immunoreactivity and astrocyte morphology in the mPOA and hippocampus as a function of reproductive state and female steroid hormone treatment. Results of this investigation noted an increases …
Modifications Of Nitric Oxide And Sexual Behavior In Prenatally Stressed Male Rats, Stephen D. Miller
Modifications Of Nitric Oxide And Sexual Behavior In Prenatally Stressed Male Rats, Stephen D. Miller
Master's Theses
Normal male sexual differentiation is the culmination of perfectly timed, prenatal gonadal hormone release. Prenatal stress (PS) has a detrimental effect upon this process, obstructing the natural development of brain structures and sexual behavior. Prenatally-stressed male rats exhibit many physiological and neuroendocrinological differences when compared to control males. PS has a particularly harmful effect upon male sexual behavior, to which the neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be intimately involved. The present experiment examined whether PS reduces nNOS, the rate limiting enzyme of NO, in the medial preoptic area (rnPOA) of male rats, and whether administration of the …
The Active Architecture Of Mind : Dynamic Categorization During Metaphor Processing, James Hambrick
The Active Architecture Of Mind : Dynamic Categorization During Metaphor Processing, James Hambrick
Master's Theses
Contemporary metaphor theory has moved away from consideration of metaphor as a similarity statement or comparison, and toward the idea that metaphor is a temporary or permanent extension of our taxonomy of concepts in long-term memory. However, this new emphasis has resulted in a divergent pattern of results in the literature. This research was designed to integrate that pattern by testing for the role of categorization in the comprehension of metaphor, and seeing whether multiple models were needed to explain that role. Experiment 1 failed to support access of metaphorical categories in the understanding of familiar metaphors. Experiment 2 found …
The Effect Of The Mail In Voter Registration Form On Voter Turnout In The Commonwealth Of Virginia, Leroy O. Pfeiffer
The Effect Of The Mail In Voter Registration Form On Voter Turnout In The Commonwealth Of Virginia, Leroy O. Pfeiffer
Master's Theses
Over the years, many states have undertaken different approaches to increase voter registration and stimulate voter participation in the electoral process. One such approach was the Commonwealth of Virginia's Voter Registration Extension Form, which was instituted in 1989. Using statewide voter registration statistics and a survey of state voter registrars, this paper attempts to measure the impact that this form had on voter registration and turnout in the electoral process from 1989 to 1994. This thesis finds that the registration extension form was reasonably successful in terms of increasing registration. Yet, easing registration requirements does not significantly increase voter turnout.
Continuity Of Emotions Across Pre-Sleep State And The Content Of Dreams, Teresa M. Picciocchi
Continuity Of Emotions Across Pre-Sleep State And The Content Of Dreams, Teresa M. Picciocchi
Master's Theses
The relationship between unmanipulated pre-sleep states and the affective composition of dreams was investigated. Sixty college students completed the State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI) prior to retiring for the night and the Differential Emotion Scale {DES-IV) focusing upon any dream recalled upon awakening. In support of the Continuity Theory, which states that our personalities and experiences are reflected in our dreams, significant positive correlations were found between pre-sleep curiosity and the presence of interest in the dream, pre-sleep anger and anger in the dream and pre sleep depression and sadness within the dream. Support for the Day Residue effect was obtained …
Self-Enhancement Motivational Bias In Attributions Of Causality And Responsibility To A Target Other : Situational And Dispositional Determinants, Jennifer Leigh Dent
Self-Enhancement Motivational Bias In Attributions Of Causality And Responsibility To A Target Other : Situational And Dispositional Determinants, Jennifer Leigh Dent
Master's Theses
Prior research has shown that people often self-enhance to protect their self-concept from harm. The present research was designed to investigate situational and dispositional determinants of people's tendency to make self-enhancing attributions to a partner to whom they either do or do not feel psychologically connected to. In Experiment 1, participants who had been induced to self-extend to a partner made greater attributions of causality to the partner when the partner's fate was positive than when it was negative. Experiment 2 provided evidence for a dispositional component of self-extension, and indicated that perceivers' attributions to a partner are further influenced …
Neuropsychological Outcome And Player Characteristics In Amateur Soccer Players, Kyle W. Evans
Neuropsychological Outcome And Player Characteristics In Amateur Soccer Players, Kyle W. Evans
Master's Theses
A growing body of research suggests that the game of soccer causes neurophysiological damage and neuropsychological deficits in its players. This research project evaluated player characteristics, including aggression, position, heading frequency, and head injuries in an attempt to delineate the effect of traumatic head injuries from the possible detrimental effects of heading the ball. Fifty-three male, amateur soccer players participated in a brief neuropsychological evaluation and a structured interview. Findings revealed that the number of years played (r=.30, p=.03) and an index score representing the number of competitive seasons (r=.44, p=001) were the only player characteristics that correlated with test …
Past Tense Marking In English By Chinese Learners, Hsuehmei Liu Price
Past Tense Marking In English By Chinese Learners, Hsuehmei Liu Price
Master's Theses
Researchers in the field of both first and second language acquisition have been studying the mechanisms underlying the marking of past tense in English, and have identified verb saliency, grammatical aspect, and proficiency level as some of the factors influencing the process. This study tests these factors by comparing 60 Chinese English learners' correct marking of English past tense under various conditions using analysis of variance. I found that Chinese learners of English are more likely to mark irregular verbs and aspectual perfectives than regular verbs and aspectual imperfectives for past tense. However, proficiency level was not found to have …
Loudness Recalibration As A Function Of Signal Level, Riordan Dan Mapes-
Loudness Recalibration As A Function Of Signal Level, Riordan Dan Mapes-
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
An Exploration Of Mind-Body Categories Using The Personal Beliefs Scale, Sharon K. Black
An Exploration Of Mind-Body Categories Using The Personal Beliefs Scale, Sharon K. Black
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Racial Identity And Self-Esteem Of Ethnic Minority Pre-Adolescents In A Multicultural Enrichment Program, Cassandra G. Cooper
Racial Identity And Self-Esteem Of Ethnic Minority Pre-Adolescents In A Multicultural Enrichment Program, Cassandra G. Cooper
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
An Evaluation Of A Hospital-Based Program Designed To Treat Child Sexual Abuse Victims, Michele Hansen
An Evaluation Of A Hospital-Based Program Designed To Treat Child Sexual Abuse Victims, Michele Hansen
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
A Model Of Decision-Making For Men Pursuing Cosmetic Hair Restoration Surgery, Justin N. Koehler
A Model Of Decision-Making For Men Pursuing Cosmetic Hair Restoration Surgery, Justin N. Koehler
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of A Conflict Prevention Program On Self-Efficacy And Prevention Beliefs Of African American Children, Christine Carol Asidao
The Effects Of A Conflict Prevention Program On Self-Efficacy And Prevention Beliefs Of African American Children, Christine Carol Asidao
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Mexican-American Women's Response To Violence As A Function Of Sex-Role, Locus Of Control, And Level Of Acculturation, Ana Irene Gonzalez Juan
Mexican-American Women's Response To Violence As A Function Of Sex-Role, Locus Of Control, And Level Of Acculturation, Ana Irene Gonzalez Juan
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
A Comparison Between Novice And Experienced Therapists' Inner Experiences During Therapy, Corey Haas
A Comparison Between Novice And Experienced Therapists' Inner Experiences During Therapy, Corey Haas
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Counseling Trainees' Attitiudes Toward Homosexuality And Conversion Therapy C Tiffany Cannon., Tiffany Cannon
Counseling Trainees' Attitiudes Toward Homosexuality And Conversion Therapy C Tiffany Cannon., Tiffany Cannon
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Part-Time Workers, Full-Time Professionals: Women Negotiate Professional And Family Roles, Andrea Lynn Gerardi
Part-Time Workers, Full-Time Professionals: Women Negotiate Professional And Family Roles, Andrea Lynn Gerardi
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
The Influence Of Self And Family Expressiveness On The Expression Of Anger In Two Samples Of Adolescents, Helen Hirschfeld
The Influence Of Self And Family Expressiveness On The Expression Of Anger In Two Samples Of Adolescents, Helen Hirschfeld
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
The Relationship Between Domestic Violence And Self-Efficacy In Women, Stacy Clark
The Relationship Between Domestic Violence And Self-Efficacy In Women, Stacy Clark
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Attachment Style As A Predictor Of Social Development Across Time: Measured At Ages 12, 18, And 39 Months And 5 And 9 Years, Cori Ann Hillmann
Attachment Style As A Predictor Of Social Development Across Time: Measured At Ages 12, 18, And 39 Months And 5 And 9 Years, Cori Ann Hillmann
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Negotiating Masculinities: Gay Athletes And The Gender Order, Gregory G. Hamill
Negotiating Masculinities: Gay Athletes And The Gender Order, Gregory G. Hamill
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
The Association Of Training With Computer Self-Efficacy, Carolyn T. Conry
The Association Of Training With Computer Self-Efficacy, Carolyn T. Conry
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.