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Articles 2101 - 2130 of 2861
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
A Librarian's Defense Of The Practicable Over The Perfect In Scholarly Communication, Jill Cirasella
A Librarian's Defense Of The Practicable Over The Perfect In Scholarly Communication, Jill Cirasella
Publications and Research
This peer commentary is an invited response to "Scientific Utopia: I. Opening Scientific Communication" by Brian A. Nosek and Yoav Bar-Anan. It appeared alongside the target article in Psychological Inquiry, Volume 23, Issue 3, 2012.
Children’S Eyewitness Identification As Implicit Moral Decision-Making, Toni Spring, Herbert D. Saltzstein, Roger Peach
Children’S Eyewitness Identification As Implicit Moral Decision-Making, Toni Spring, Herbert D. Saltzstein, Roger Peach
Publications and Research
Why are young children particularly prone to make false positive errors or false alarms when identifying a wrongdoer? In three studies the problem was approached using a signal detection analysis, focusing on the moral costs of false alarms, as understood at different points in development. The findings are: (1) decisional criteria became more conservative, indicating fewer false alarms, with age in three studies, (2) children’s beliefs about the seriousness of false alarms and misses changed from (a) a non-moral concern to (b) a moral concern for false negatives or misses to (c) a moral concern for false alarms. (3) These …
Weaponizing Tear Gas: Bahrain’S Unprecedented Use Of Toxic Chemical Agents Against Civilians., Richard Sollom, Holly G. Atkinson
Weaponizing Tear Gas: Bahrain’S Unprecedented Use Of Toxic Chemical Agents Against Civilians., Richard Sollom, Holly G. Atkinson
Publications and Research
The Bahraini government’s response to the early 2011 pro-democracy protests was brutal, systematic, and violent. In addition to birdshot and rubber bullets, government law enforcement attacked unarmed protestors with toxic chemical agents including tear gas. The government’s crackdown on the medical profession was especially harmful, as security forces arrested and detained doctors, raided health facilities, and obstructed patients from receiving necessary care. This report’s findings are based on field research that the authors conducted in Bahrain (April 2012) to investigate excessive use of force by law enforcement officials since June 2011—the end of Bahrain’s state of emergency. The medico-legal team …
Review Of Dan Reiter’S "How Wars End", Zachary C. Shirkey
Review Of Dan Reiter’S "How Wars End", Zachary C. Shirkey
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Remarks Of President Jeremy Travis On Receipt Of The Maud Booth Correctional Services Award From The Volunteers Of America, Jeremy Travis
Remarks Of President Jeremy Travis On Receipt Of The Maud Booth Correctional Services Award From The Volunteers Of America, Jeremy Travis
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Homicide By Neighborhood: Mapping New York City’S Violent Crime Drop, Preeti Chauhan, Lauren Kois
Homicide By Neighborhood: Mapping New York City’S Violent Crime Drop, Preeti Chauhan, Lauren Kois
Publications and Research
Researchers, scholars, and policymakers interested in the falling rate of violent crime in New York City (NYC) have attempted to pinpoint causes of the welcome trend. Discovering the causes of the city’s crime drop may lead to important lessons for the city itself and may influence policy and practice throughout the state, nation, and perhaps other countries. Researchers have suggested a host of mechanisms that may explain the dramatic decline in violence, but two factors—misdemeanor policing and the transformation of drug markets—continue to receive the most attention. This report focuses on these factors in relation to gun-related homicide rates. It …
The Bitter Truth About Morality: Virtue, Not Vice, Makes A Bland Beverage Taste Nice, Kendall J. Eskine, Natalie A. Kacinik, Gregory D. Webster
The Bitter Truth About Morality: Virtue, Not Vice, Makes A Bland Beverage Taste Nice, Kendall J. Eskine, Natalie A. Kacinik, Gregory D. Webster
Publications and Research
To demonstrate that sensory and emotional states play an important role in moral processing, previous research has induced physical disgust in various sensory modalities (visual, tactile, gustatory, and olfactory modalities, among others) and measured its effects on moral judgment. To further assess the strength of the connection between embodied states and morality, we investigated whether the directionality of the effect could be reversed by exposing participants to different types of moral events prior to rating the same neutral tasting beverage. As expected, reading about moral transgressions, moral virtues, or control events resulted in inducing gustatory disgust, delight, or neutral taste …
Increasing Drug Arrests After 1980 Had Disproportionate Effect On Women, Jeffrey A. Butts
Increasing Drug Arrests After 1980 Had Disproportionate Effect On Women, Jeffrey A. Butts
Publications and Research
Drug arrests increased faster for adult women and were nearly double the rate for men of the same age from 1980, though men still outnumber women in this category. This databit shows the arrest rates for women from 1980 to 2010 for youth, young adults, and older adults in drug sales/manufacture and possession.
Implementation As Ongoing And Incremental: Case Study Of Web 2.0 Use For Staff Communication, Wendy Chu
Implementation As Ongoing And Incremental: Case Study Of Web 2.0 Use For Staff Communication, Wendy Chu
Publications and Research
Web 2.0 implementations in academic libraries tend to concentrate on rolling out a functioning system first and training of personnel second. This article offers a case analysis documenting one approach to implementation, whereby a website slowly integrates Web 2.0 technologies in a just-in-time orientation, and the impact on improving staff communication and cultivating community awareness for a small academic library. Findings underscore the need to reexamine the implementation process as a continuous, adaptive, and non-demanding engagement with colleagues and staff based on active awareness of developments and needs.
Comparing Unique Title Coverage Of Web Of Science And Scopus In Earth And Atmospheric Sciences, Philip Barnett, Claudia Lascar
Comparing Unique Title Coverage Of Web Of Science And Scopus In Earth And Atmospheric Sciences, Philip Barnett, Claudia Lascar
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
In Memoriam: Marta G. Franco, John A. Drobnicki
In Memoriam: Marta G. Franco, John A. Drobnicki
Publications and Research
Marta Franco was the longtime Serials Librarian in the York College Library.
Professor Sheidlower's New Book, John A. Drobnicki
Professor Sheidlower's New Book, John A. Drobnicki
Publications and Research
The book Humor and Information Literacy was co-authored by Scott Sheidlower and Joshua Vossler.
Racial Microaggressions And The Filipino American Experience: Recommendations For Counseling And Development, Kevin L. Nadal, Kara M. Vigilia Escobar, Gail T. Prado, Ejr David, Kristal Haynes
Racial Microaggressions And The Filipino American Experience: Recommendations For Counseling And Development, Kevin L. Nadal, Kara M. Vigilia Escobar, Gail T. Prado, Ejr David, Kristal Haynes
Publications and Research
Racial microaggressions are subtle forms of verbal and behavioral discrimination toward people of color. The current qualitative study explores the experiences of Filipino American participants (N = 12), who described 13 categories of microaggressions, including being treated as an alien in one’s own land or as a 2nd-class citizen, being presumed to have inferior status or intellect, being assumed to uphold Filipino stereotypes, or being mistaken for another identity. Recommendations for counseling and development are discussed.
Review Of The Database Fold3 History And Genealogy Archives Plus, John A. Drobnicki
Review Of The Database Fold3 History And Genealogy Archives Plus, John A. Drobnicki
Publications and Research
Review of the database Fold3 history and genealogy archives plus.
Pioneers Of Youth Justice Reform: Achieving System Change Using Resolution, Reinvestment, And Realignment Strategies, Douglas N. Evans
Pioneers Of Youth Justice Reform: Achieving System Change Using Resolution, Reinvestment, And Realignment Strategies, Douglas N. Evans
Publications and Research
In the past three decades, state and local governments implemented various reform strategies to reduce the youth justice system’s reliance on confinement facilities and serve as many youths as possible in their own homes or at least in their own communities when removal from the home is warranted. The various reform strategies may be conceptualized as relying on three distinct but interrelated mechanisms: resolution, reinvestment, and realignment (Butts and Evans 2011). Resolution refers to the use of managerial authority and administrative directives to influence system change; reinvestment entails using financial incentives to encourage system change, and realignment employs organizational and …
"This Is Exactly What This Study Is All About And It Is Happening Right In Front Of Me!" Using Participatory Action Research To Awaken A Sense Of Injustice Within A Privileged Institution, Brett G. Stoudt
Publications and Research
Rockport is an elite, all boys, day school in the northeast United States. It educates mostly white, wealthy, young men. Student researchers, faculty researchers and I collaborated to study bullying at Rockport using an approach to research known as participatory action research (PAR). In the process we also gained a better understanding of how privilege, especially gendered privilege, was socialized and (re)produced. The participatory research spaces that emerged in our project - grounded in the experiences of students, teachers, and administrators - facilitated critical awareness of self and context that Deutsch (2006) referred to as "awaking the sense of injustice." …
The Greek Crisis As Racketeering And Organized Crime, Despina Lalaki
The Greek Crisis As Racketeering And Organized Crime, Despina Lalaki
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Curriculum-Integrated Information Literacy (Ciil) In A Nursing School: A Practical Model, Carlos Arguelles
Curriculum-Integrated Information Literacy (Ciil) In A Nursing School: A Practical Model, Carlos Arguelles
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Meta-Radicalism: The Alternative Press By And For Activist Librarians, Alycia Sellie
Meta-Radicalism: The Alternative Press By And For Activist Librarians, Alycia Sellie
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Is The Punishment More Certain? An Analysis Of Cctv Detections And Enforcement, Eric L. Piza, Joel M. Caplan, Leslie W. Kennedy
Is The Punishment More Certain? An Analysis Of Cctv Detections And Enforcement, Eric L. Piza, Joel M. Caplan, Leslie W. Kennedy
Publications and Research
The primary preventive mechanism of CCTV is considered to be deterrence. However, the relationship between CCTV and deterrence has been left impli- cit. Empirical research has yet to directly test whether CCTV increases the certainty of punishment, a key component of the deterrence doctrine. This study analyzes CCTV’s relation to punishment certainty in Newark, NJ. Across eight crime categories, CCTV and 9-1-1 calls-for-service case processing times and enforcement rates are compared through Mann-Whitney U and Fisher’s Exact tests, respectively, with a Holm-Bonferroni procedure correcting for multiple comparisons. ANOVA and negative binomial regression models further analyze the frequency of CCTV activity …
The French Prison System: Comparative Insights For Policy And Practice In New York And The United States, Lila Kazemian, Catrin Andersson
The French Prison System: Comparative Insights For Policy And Practice In New York And The United States, Lila Kazemian, Catrin Andersson
Publications and Research
Despite many differences between French and American correctional practices, the two countries have common challenges as well. This report offers a brief overview of the French prison system and describes how the elements of that system compare with the policies and practices of corrections agencies in New York and the United States.
Under The Gun: Ongoing Assaults On Bahrain’S Health System, Richard Sollom, Holly G. Atkinson
Under The Gun: Ongoing Assaults On Bahrain’S Health System, Richard Sollom, Holly G. Atkinson
Publications and Research
In February 2011, the Government of Bahrain began targeting health professionals who treated protesters. In April 2012, PHR's Richard Sollom, Deputy Director, and Holly Atkinson, MD, FACP, past President of PHR's Board and volunteer expert, authored a report showing the devastation on Bahrain's health system that have resulted from the Government of Bahrain’s continued assault on doctors, patients, and the healthcare system.
Posttraumatic Stress And Myocardial Infarction Risk Perceptions In Hospitalized Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients, Donald Edmondson, Jonathan A. Shaffer, Ellen-Ge Denton, Daichi Shimbo, Lynn Clemow
Posttraumatic Stress And Myocardial Infarction Risk Perceptions In Hospitalized Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients, Donald Edmondson, Jonathan A. Shaffer, Ellen-Ge Denton, Daichi Shimbo, Lynn Clemow
Publications and Research
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is related to acute coronary syndrome (ACS; i.e., myocardial infarction or unstable angina) recurrence and poor post-ACS adherence to medical advice. Since risk perceptions are a primary motivator of adherence behaviors, we assessed the relationship of probable PTSD to ACS risk perceptions in hospitalized ACS patients (n = 420). Participants completed a brief PTSD screen 3-7 days post-ACS, and rated their 1-year ACS recurrence risk relative to other men or women their age. Most participants exhibited optimistic bias (mean recurrence risk estimate between "average" and "below average"). Further, participants who screened positive for current PTSD (n …
Iconic Memory Requires Attention, Marjan Persuh, Boris Genzer, Robert D. Melara
Iconic Memory Requires Attention, Marjan Persuh, Boris Genzer, Robert D. Melara
Publications and Research
Two experiments investigated whether attention plays a role in iconic memory, employing either a change detection paradigm (Experiment 1) or a partial-report paradigm (Experiment 2). In each experiment, attention was taxed during initial display presentation, focusing the manipulation on consolidation of information into iconic memory, prior to transfer into working memory. Observers were able to maintain high levels of performance (accuracy of change detection or categorization) even when concurrently performing an easy visual search task (low load). However, when the concurrent search was made difficult (high load), observers' performance dropped to almost chance levels, while search accuracy held at single-task …
Bridging The Gap Through Collaboration:, Rebecca Arliss, Carlos Arguelles, Rodolfo Hernandez
Bridging The Gap Through Collaboration:, Rebecca Arliss, Carlos Arguelles, Rodolfo Hernandez
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Twenty Years After: Armenian Research Libraries Today, D. Aram Donabedian, John Carey, Arshak Balayan
Twenty Years After: Armenian Research Libraries Today, D. Aram Donabedian, John Carey, Arshak Balayan
Publications and Research
Since achieving statehood in 1991, Armenia has faced major economic and political obstacles which have significantly affected the nation’s research libraries. This research paper will quantitatively and qualitatively examine the challenges facing Armenian research libraries just over twenty years after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Specifically, the authors analyze their interviews with five library administrators at five major institutions, respectively. These include Yerevan State University Library, the National Library of Armenia, the Fundamental Scientific Library of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, the Republican Scientific-Medical Library of Armenia, and the Papazian Library of the American University of Armenia. …
Off To Market We Go: A Content Analysis Of Marketing And Promotion Skills In Academic Librarian Job Ads, Karen Okamoto, Mark Aaron Polger
Off To Market We Go: A Content Analysis Of Marketing And Promotion Skills In Academic Librarian Job Ads, Karen Okamoto, Mark Aaron Polger
Publications and Research
This exploratory study analyzed the presence of marketing and promotional responsibilities and qualifications listed in selected job advertisements for academic librarians. A content analysis was employed to analyze job advertisements for academic librarians who possessed marketing,promotion, public relations, outreach, and liaison skills. Job advertisements were selected from January 2000 to December 2010. A total of 149 advertisements were analyzed. The authors found that promotional responsibilities were advertised across the 10-year period, but marketing responsibilities were not. Prior promotional and marketing experience was not widely required. Some libraries advertised marketing librarian positions with responsibilities such as branding and social networking. The …
Less Serious Offenses Account For 90 Percent Of The Growth In Juvenile Placements, Jeffrey A. Butts
Less Serious Offenses Account For 90 Percent Of The Growth In Juvenile Placements, Jeffrey A. Butts
Publications and Research
The largest increases in juvenile placements were seen in cases involving obstruction of justice, simple assault, drug law violations, vandalism, and disorderly conduct. This databit looks at the percentage and change in placement cases for juveniles from 1985 to 2008.
Mental Health And Drug Disorders Less Common At Early Stages Of Juvenile Justice, Jeffrey A. Butts
Mental Health And Drug Disorders Less Common At Early Stages Of Juvenile Justice, Jeffrey A. Butts
Publications and Research
Youth in the juvenile justice system are at a higher risk for mental health disorders and substance abuse problems, but these differences in risk are often misunderstood. This databit looks at the prevalence of mental health and substance abuse and makes recommendations for early intervention and prevention programs.
Violent Crime Rates Continue To Fall Among Juveniles And Young Adults, Jeffrey A. Butts
Violent Crime Rates Continue To Fall Among Juveniles And Young Adults, Jeffrey A. Butts
Publications and Research
Violent crime (murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault based on the FBI Violent Crime Index) declined per capita for ages 10 – 17 after 2004. This databit looks at the arrest rates for these four offenses between 1994 and 2004.