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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Effect Of A Swim-Based Parent Training Program On A Parent’S Use Of Evidence-Based Strategies With Her Child With Autism, Melissa Lauren Jeffay Jan 2021

Effect Of A Swim-Based Parent Training Program On A Parent’S Use Of Evidence-Based Strategies With Her Child With Autism, Melissa Lauren Jeffay

Theses and Dissertations

Community participation, particularly in leisure/recreational activities such as swimming, can improve quality of life for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, youth with ASD generally participate in fewer leisure activities than those without ASD. Although previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of parent training interventions and swim programs for children with ASD, there is a lack of research examining the effectiveness of using parents as intervention agents to teach swim skills to their children with ASD. In this single-case study, the researcher delivered an individual parent training program to the mother of a child with ASD to investigate its …

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Return To Play And Class For Concussed College Athletes Predicted From Post-Concussion Symptom Domains, Jazmin Nicole Mogavero Jan 2021

Return To Play And Class For Concussed College Athletes Predicted From Post-Concussion Symptom Domains, Jazmin Nicole Mogavero

Theses and Dissertations

Each year approximately 1.6 to 3.8 million people suffer a sports-related traumatic brain injury (Langlois, Rutland-Brown, & Wald, 2006). Concussions, a common form of mild traumatic brain injury, account for 75% of total brain injuries in the United States (Faul, Xu, Wald, & Coronado, 2010). In sports, concussions account for 1 of every 10 injuries (Marar, McIlvain, Fields, & Comstock, 2012). Overall, concussion symptoms typically remit within one to four weeks from injury (McCrea, 2007); however, conflict exists surrounding the duration of time that would be safe for a concussed student-athlete to return to functioning, both to sport and to …

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An Analysis Of Education As A Moderator Of The Relationship Of Discrimination To Depression, Jeavonna M. Coble Jan 2021

An Analysis Of Education As A Moderator Of The Relationship Of Discrimination To Depression, Jeavonna M. Coble

Theses and Dissertations

Racism has been observed as a highly prevalent psychosocial stressor across minorities, and consistently associated with depression across racial/ethnic groups. However, existing evidence is unclear on effective buffers of discrimination to depression. Researchers have hypothesized that education may mitigate discrimination’s effects on negative mental health outcomes. Evidence evaluating education as a buffer on the relations of discrimination to depression is limited. The analysis is further complicated as the evidence linking education level to discrimination exposure is also mixed. Although some studies indicate lower education levels are associated with greater perceived racism, many studies indicate an association of higher education with …

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The Course Of Axis I And Axis Ii Disorders In Clinical High Risk (Chr) Adolescents, Christy Dabreo-Otero Jan 2021

The Course Of Axis I And Axis Ii Disorders In Clinical High Risk (Chr) Adolescents, Christy Dabreo-Otero

Theses and Dissertations

The detrimental impact of psychosis on individuals and society has sparked interest in early detection and intervention strategies to improve outcomes for those who are high-risk for developing psychosis. This study used data collected by the Recognition and Prevention (RAP) program to explore the progression of Axis I and Axis II disorders, clinical and functional characteristics, and predictors of conversion in a Clinical High Risk (CHR) sample. Using the RAP Program’s classification system, participants were assigned to the following subgroups based on symptom presentation: Clinical High Risk Positive (CHR+) which is defined by the presence of attenuated positive symptoms and …

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Perceived Discrimination And Food Consumption, Jessica Korins Jan 2021

Perceived Discrimination And Food Consumption, Jessica Korins

Theses and Dissertations

Obesity is a public health concern that is associated with numerous life-limiting chronic illnesses such as diabetes and hypertension. Marginalized groups such as Black, Latinos, and Native Americans experience obesity and related illnesses at high rates. Research suggests that diet is one of the causes of these illnesses, and as such understanding the determinants of diet may assist in addressing health disparities in the United States. Literature suggests that diet may be associated with stressors such as perceived discrimination. However, few studies have assessed this relationship within the Native American population, and none have employed ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to …

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Institutional Labels: A Language-Based Approach To Decreasing Stigma Associated With Schizophrenia And Psychiatric Hospitalization, Jaime Taylor Grabow Jan 2021

Institutional Labels: A Language-Based Approach To Decreasing Stigma Associated With Schizophrenia And Psychiatric Hospitalization, Jaime Taylor Grabow

Theses and Dissertations

Individuals with schizophrenia that have experienced psychiatric hospitalization are one of the most stigmatized populations of the mental health field. The language that is utilized to describe this population is linked with the perpetuation of stigmatizing attitudes associated with schizophrenia and psychiatric hospitalization. Altering the type of language that is used to describe these individuals can decrease stigma. Participants (N=79) were asked to read a description of a character where the language used reflected either a strength-based approach or a deficit-based approach to schizophrenia and psychiatric hospitalization. The characters are individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia that have recently been discharged from …

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Perceived Risk And Extended Warranty, Jose M. Fana Jan 2021

Perceived Risk And Extended Warranty, Jose M. Fana

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined how income and mathematical skills influence one’s perception of risk. The study particularly focused on overestimation as the main cognitive phenomenon that influences one’s decision-making process when thinking about purchasing an extended warranty. Two questions this study tried to shed light on 1) - Why do people buy extended warranties? 2) - How much is the risk overestimated when considering the damage and loss of common products? A total of 67 St John’s undergraduate students participated, 18 males and 49 females M(age) = 19.5 were recruited through the university research platform. Finally, I hypothesized that income and …

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Behavioral Interventions For Higher-Order Restricted And Repetitive Behaviors In Autism: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Emily Nichols Jan 2021

Behavioral Interventions For Higher-Order Restricted And Repetitive Behaviors In Autism: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Emily Nichols

Theses and Dissertations

Although higher-order restricted and repetitive behaviors (H-RRBs) are associated with social, emotional, and behavioral difficulties in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), there is a paucity of literature on behavioral interventions to treat this core symptom. Through a systematic search, 29 intervention studies that target H-RRBs were identified and analyzed in terms of (a) participant characteristics, (b) setting, (c) targeted behaviors, (d) intervention procedures, (e) experimental design, (f) outcomes and certainty of evidence, and (g) generalization and maintenance of outcomes. Overall, 41% of studies (n=12) yielded large effect sizes, 34% yielded medium effects (n=10), and 17% yielded small effects (n=5). …

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The Social Role Of Gender: How Gender Roles And Gender Stress Impact Dating Violence Attitudes And Outcomes, Jin Lee Jan 2021

The Social Role Of Gender: How Gender Roles And Gender Stress Impact Dating Violence Attitudes And Outcomes, Jin Lee

Theses and Dissertations

Dating violence is a prevalent problem with many long-term deleterious effects, including difficulties with future relationships. Much of the research regarding beliefs about dating violence focuses on the acceptability of violence. The justification of violence in certain situations, such as self-defense, revenge, or playing around, has been found to be strongly related with dating violence, and even to predict dating violence perpetration, particularly among men. Further research has shown that individuals who adhere to traditional gender role attitudes display greater acceptance of violence against women in particular. Additional research has shown that when gender norms are violated, it leads to …

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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy For Deafblind Individuals With Progressive Vision Loss, Chelsey Laurito Jan 2021

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy For Deafblind Individuals With Progressive Vision Loss, Chelsey Laurito

Theses and Dissertations

Deafblind individuals with progressive visual conditions are presented with the challenge of adjusting to the gradual loss of sight over time and the social, psychological, environmental, and communicative implications relative to that process. Mental health treatment for these individuals is not widely researched due to the lack of homogeneity in the deafblind population; therefore, exploratory studies are necessary. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is an evidence-based treatment that has successfully addressed a range of symptoms in many psychological and medical diagnoses but has not been researched with individuals who are deafblind. In this multiple baseline design study, the researcher delivered …

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Reflective Processing And Intimate Partner Violence, Rachel Zukerman Jan 2021

Reflective Processing And Intimate Partner Violence, Rachel Zukerman

Theses and Dissertations

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a prevalent problem, especially among college students. The serious physical and psychological consequences of IPV highlight the need to better understand its correlates. Individuals tend to process information and make decisions in different ways; these styles of thinking and decision likely hold important implications for intimate partnerships. Using a sample of undergraduate students, the current study aims to better understand the thinking processes of those who engage in IPV. Furthering our understanding of the cognitive processes that predict IPV may hold important treatment implications, both from a preventive and therapeutic standpoint. Previous studies show that …

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The Psychometric Properties Of A Social-Emotional Learning Measure, Allison Murray Jan 2021

The Psychometric Properties Of A Social-Emotional Learning Measure, Allison Murray

Theses and Dissertations

Each year many students take college admissions exams (i.e., SAT® and ACT®), hoping to demonstrate their ability to perform at a collegiate level and gain admission to desired universities. However, a growing movement encourages colleges and universities to abandon this practice in their admissions protocol and instead consider alternative factors, such as, social-emotional learning skills, to identify promising applicants. As such, this study examined the psychometric properties of a novel social-emotional learning measure, ACT® Tessera®, which conceptualizes social-emotional traits through the Five-Factor Model lens using different measurement methods (Self Report Likert, Situational Judgement Tests, Forced Choice). Using data obtained from …

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Adaptation And Translation Of Autism Spectrum Disorder Rating Scales For School-Age Children: Evaluating Adherence To The International Test Commission Guidelines, Tamanna Chhabra Jan 2021

Adaptation And Translation Of Autism Spectrum Disorder Rating Scales For School-Age Children: Evaluating Adherence To The International Test Commission Guidelines, Tamanna Chhabra

Theses and Dissertations

he current review examines adaptations and translations of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) rating scales for school-aged children around the world. ASD rating scales are a quick and efficient way to diagnosing ASD, and adaptations of ASD scales offer low-cost methods to make tools available around the world. The International Test Commission guidelines (ITC, 2017) provide a rigorous framework for researchers to adapt and translate psychological tests. This review used the X-CAGAM (Duke, 2019) a tool developed to operationalize the guidelines to examine how well the selected ASD measures adhere to the ITC guidelines. Fourteen adaptations and translations were included in …

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The Roles Of Cardiovascular Disease And Depression In The Relationship Between Respiratory Disease And Neuropsychological Functioning In Older Adults, Alexander J. Gordon Jan 2021

The Roles Of Cardiovascular Disease And Depression In The Relationship Between Respiratory Disease And Neuropsychological Functioning In Older Adults, Alexander J. Gordon

Theses and Dissertations

The pathophysiology of severe respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), supports the theory that oxygen deprivation to the brain may impact the brain’s execution of cognitive functions. Imaging studies also suggest that neuroanatomical changes in areas of the brain responsible for cognitive processes may be associated with respiratory diseases. Research in this area has failed to conclude definitively, especially in an older adult population, which is more likely to experience comorbid depression and cardiovascular disease, universally acknowledged predictors of poorer cognitive performance, the extent of the relationship between respiratory illness and cognitive functioning. The current …

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Understanding Anger At The Self, Tasnova Ahmed Jan 2021

Understanding Anger At The Self, Tasnova Ahmed

Theses and Dissertations

When people think of the emotion of anger, they think of being angry at someone or something else. Researchers have slowly found that anger can be experienced even if there is no other person to blame, by being angry at themselves. There is not enough research on understanding what self-anger entails. This paper explains a study that analyzed the relationship between other-anger and self-anger and examines how the effects of action may correlate between anger towards the self and depressed behaviors in terms of self-condemnation and other traits. The study had 169 participants, recruited from various sources. Participants were instructed …

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Exploring Emotion Regulation And Altruism When Experiencing Compassion Fatigue From Humanitarian Crises, Including Covid- 19., Saniya Tabani Jan 2021

Exploring Emotion Regulation And Altruism When Experiencing Compassion Fatigue From Humanitarian Crises, Including Covid- 19., Saniya Tabani

Theses and Dissertations

Despite knowledge of devastating statistics, it has been observed that when hundreds, or even millions are suffering in large-scale crises, including genocides, refugee crises, and more recently, the COVID-19 pandemic, humans seem unable to process and comprehend the magnitude of that suffering on an emotional level. While the expectation is that compassion should increase proportionally with the number of people suffering in catastrophes, prior research has shown a negative relationship such that as need increases, donations decrease. Some factors that may impact this include the identifiable victim effect, use of emotion regulation strategies, specific cognitive processing styles, and compassion fatigue. …

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Effectiveness Of E-Health Interventions For Externalizing Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis, Celeste Sangiorgio Jan 2021

Effectiveness Of E-Health Interventions For Externalizing Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis, Celeste Sangiorgio

Theses and Dissertations

eHealth treatments vary widely from automated treatment protocols to professional-led treatment tools that are integrated into treatment protocols with therapists. This dissertation organized, coded, and submitted 33 eHealth treatment trials to meta-analytic study to assess eHealth treatment study effectiveness overall and for each type of eHealth treatment type. Systematic review and descriptive analyses revealed that eHealth treatments that target externalizing behaviors varied widely in study, sample, and design characteristics. eHealth treatments most frequently targeted externalizing behaviors in adolescent samples (n = 22), adapted cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) to digital platforms (n = 11), and integrated digital tools into traditional treatment …

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The Impact Of A Brief Gratitude Journaling Intervention On Third Grade Students Attending An Orthodox Jewish Elementary School In New York, Tamar Gassner Jan 2021

The Impact Of A Brief Gratitude Journaling Intervention On Third Grade Students Attending An Orthodox Jewish Elementary School In New York, Tamar Gassner

Theses and Dissertations

Research in the field of positive psychology has focused on the beneficial effects of gratitude on overall wellbeing. Recent studies have demonstrated that anxiety and depressive disorders are increasingly common among youth in the United States. Further, both anxiety and depression have been linked to other comorbid mental health conditions, such as dysthymia, disruptive disorder, and substance abuse disorder. Moreover, anxiety and depression are associated with negative social and academic outcomes. Considering the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders among youth and the associated comorbidities, it is vital to direct efforts towards prevention and early intervention. The literature supports a …

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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy For Anxiety In Youth With Autism: Paving The Way To Evidence-Based Practice, Michelle M. Kirkland Jan 2021

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy For Anxiety In Youth With Autism: Paving The Way To Evidence-Based Practice, Michelle M. Kirkland

Theses and Dissertations

Anxiety is one of the most common and debilitating conditions co-occurring with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as it occurs in up to 84% of individuals and can influence poor psychosocial adjustment, disruptions in individual, familial and school functioning, increased emotional and behavioral problems, self-injurious behavior(s), and an overall reduced quality of life (Meyer, Mundy, Van Hecke, & Durocher, 2006; Nadeau et al., 2011; Farrugia & Hudson, 2006; Kerns et al., 2015). To date, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), an evidence-based treatment for anxiety in neurotypical youth, has seen modest, yet limited, promise in treating anxiety in youth with ASD. With extant research …

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The Contribution Of Self-Esteem, Self-Compassion, And Self-Acceptance/Self-Condemnation In Predicting Psychopathology And Well-Being, Persefoni N. Andronikos Jan 2021

The Contribution Of Self-Esteem, Self-Compassion, And Self-Acceptance/Self-Condemnation In Predicting Psychopathology And Well-Being, Persefoni N. Andronikos

Theses and Dissertations

Many self-concepts have developed over time. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, unconditional self-acceptance (USA)/irrational self-condemnation, and self-compassion. Each of these aspects of the self is thought to lead to disturbance, yet the relationship of these concepts to each other and which has the unique influence on psychopathology and well-being, is unclear. The current study sampled 303 adults from the United States of America who completed scales measuring each of the self-constructs and anxiety, depression, anger, and flourishing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicated mostly medium to large, correlational relationships amongst the self-constructs, as well as the self …

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Relationship Of Child Sexual Abuse Survivor Self-Perception Of Consent To Current Functioning, Nathan R. Daly Jan 2021

Relationship Of Child Sexual Abuse Survivor Self-Perception Of Consent To Current Functioning, Nathan R. Daly

Theses and Dissertations

In 1998 Rind, Tromovitch and Bauserman conducted a meta-analysis using a college sample which challenged the prevailing belief that childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has inherent deleterious effects. Resultantly, the authors proposed alternative terminology (e.g., child-adult sex), without adequate investigation into what distinguishes child-adult sex from CSA. In response, the current study investigated the relationship between CSA, consent and adult functioning in a college sample. The sample consisted of 297 undergraduate college students, ranging in age from 18 to 63-years-old. Data was collected at a mid-sized university in the southeastern United States. The measures utilized in the study include the Symptom …

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Intimate Partner Violence Survivors: The Relationship Between Risk Factors And Symptom Severity, Danielle Horrigan Millen Jan 2021

Intimate Partner Violence Survivors: The Relationship Between Risk Factors And Symptom Severity, Danielle Horrigan Millen

Theses and Dissertations

While violent crimes have been on a decline since 2005, domestic violence has been increasing steadily over the past decade (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2005, 2013, and 2014). A number of adult and childhood risk factors are associated with the increased likelihood of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. Witnessing interparental violence and experiencing abuse as a child are both linked to increased likelihood of experiencing IPV as an adult. (Ehrenstaft et al., 2003; Magdol, Moffitt, Caspi, & Silva, 1998; Stith et al., 2000; Stith, Smith, Penn, Ward, & Tritt, 2004; Widom et al., 2014). Additionally, relationship factors, including length of …

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Assessment Of Psychological Functioning In Retired Firefighters, Jordana Simone Pepper Jan 2021

Assessment Of Psychological Functioning In Retired Firefighters, Jordana Simone Pepper

Theses and Dissertations

The past decade has witnessed a significant increase in clinical attention directed to mental health problems in firefighters. The basis for heightened activity in this area is the convergence of evidence indicating that firefighters demonstrate significantly high levels of psychological disorders such as depression and PTSD (Henderson et al., 2016). A previously unexplored risk factor for psychopathology in firefighters is active retirement. Retirement can lead to a decline in psychological functioning, as well as a decline in a person’s self-concept clarity through group loss (Slotter, Winter & Soto, 2015). This loss has the potential to cause, or enhance, feelings of …

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Judicial Decision Making And The Duty To Warn: An Empirical Study Of Case Law, Casey Dunn Ravitz Jan 2021

Judicial Decision Making And The Duty To Warn: An Empirical Study Of Case Law, Casey Dunn Ravitz

Theses and Dissertations

Duty to warn is an important staple of psychologists’ ethics training. It is also a widely misunderstood and problematic law that does not necessarily capture the intricacies of working with high-risk or potentially violent clients in outpatient settings. While inpatient settings allow for some control over one’s clients, outpatient settings increase the difficulty in performing risk assessments in duty to warn situations, as well as with managing clients who are not within one’s custody. While researchers have long identified issues related to psychologists’ understanding of the duty to warn, none have empirically explored whether the trends seen in individual cases …

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A Comparison Of Clinic-Based And Telehealth Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Abigail Peskin Jan 2021

A Comparison Of Clinic-Based And Telehealth Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Abigail Peskin

Theses and Dissertations

Despite the rich evidence for early intervention to prevent/treat emotional and behavioral disorders, a gap continues to exist between research and practice, and multitudinous barriers prevent families from accessing vital evidence-based services. Telehealth is an emerging area of research and clinical practice, often proposed as a solution for multiple barriers to service provision. However, despite scattered promising evidence translating in-person treatments to telehealth, many treatments still lack established effectiveness in a virtual format. Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) is a traditionally in-person behavioral parenting intervention uniquely well-suited to telehealth, as during typical clinic practice the clinician is not in the clinic …

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Resting-State Cerebral Perfusion Patterns: An Exploratory Factor Analysis Of Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Clinical Data, Scott Harcourt Jan 2021

Resting-State Cerebral Perfusion Patterns: An Exploratory Factor Analysis Of Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Clinical Data, Scott Harcourt

Theses and Dissertations

Resting-state (RS) networks (neural regions demonstrating a temporal correlation when a person is not engaged in deliberate activity) are a new topic in neuroscience and neuropsychology, not gaining significant traction in the literature until 2005. Few studies have used single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) to analyze RS. The omission is critical because SPECT RS networks have a different structure and statistical representation than functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) RS networks. Moreover, recent fMRI research has explored RS differences in persons with psychopathology but have not studied brain-behavior assessment with the potential of application of neuropsychological …

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The Efficacy Of Recovering Latent Fingerprints From Fired Cartridge Cases By Way Of Cyanoacrylate Fuming Combined With Basic Yellow Dye Staining, Lily Mantz Jan 2021

The Efficacy Of Recovering Latent Fingerprints From Fired Cartridge Cases By Way Of Cyanoacrylate Fuming Combined With Basic Yellow Dye Staining, Lily Mantz

Theses and Dissertations

This experiment attempted to tackle the long-standing struggle to consistently recover latent fingerprints from fired cartridges. With an emphasis on realistic handling of high volume of samples combined with Cyanoacrylate fuming followed by Basic Yellow dye staining, a total of 740 cartridges were examined. These included fired and unfired brass and nickel case 9mm Luger and 40 S&W cartridges. The cartridges were divided into five different groups; each were treated differently prior to cyanoacrylate fuming and dye staining, which was conducted in the same manner for the groups. The groups included the positive and negative controls, loaded, cycled, and fired. …

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Powerplex® Fusion 6c System Versus Powerplex® Fusion 5c: A Comparison Of Performance Metrics, Caitlin M. Mccaughan Jan 2021

Powerplex® Fusion 6c System Versus Powerplex® Fusion 5c: A Comparison Of Performance Metrics, Caitlin M. Mccaughan

Theses and Dissertations

Following the FBI mandated expansion of the CODIS core loci from 13 to 20, several manufacturers developed short tandem repeat (STR) typing kits in response to the new criteria. One such manufacturer was the Promega Corporation, which released the PowerPlex® Fusion 5C megaplex STR typing kit (Fusion 5C) in 2012. Currently, the Virginia Department of Forensic Science (VDFS) utilizes this amplification kit for both casework and database applications. In 2015, Promega released the PowerPlex® Fusion 6C STR typing kit (Fusion 6C), which contains three additional loci beyond those included in PowerPlex® Fusion 5C, and a sixth color channel. The power …

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Decent Work As A Moderator For Survivors Of Traumatic Life Events, Matthew Carbonelli Jan 2021

Decent Work As A Moderator For Survivors Of Traumatic Life Events, Matthew Carbonelli

Theses and Dissertations

The Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) is a vocational psychology theory that aims to explore the pathways and outcomes that may hinder or improve the likelihood of obtaining decent work by including contextual factors such as marginalization and economic constraints. Vocational psychology primarily focuses on individual characterological elements of obtaining work; however, limited evidence exists exploring how traumatic symptoms or exposure may affect one’s abilities to find work. This study seeks to utilize PWT to understand better how the relationship between trauma exposure and job satisfaction and personal wellbeing is moderated by decent work. Sampling consisted of 61.3% female (n …

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The Importance Of Connection: Contributions Of Relationships With Fathers And Connections To School To Delinquent Behavior And Positive Youth Development, Colleen S. Walsh Jan 2021

The Importance Of Connection: Contributions Of Relationships With Fathers And Connections To School To Delinquent Behavior And Positive Youth Development, Colleen S. Walsh

Theses and Dissertations

Risk-taking and boundary pushing are hallmarks of adolescent behavior, making the identification of promotive and protective factors related to both delinquent behavior and positive adolescent functioning essential. Previous studies have provided compelling evidence that suggests aspects of familial relationships may successfully attenuate delinquent behavior and support positive functioning outcomes. Despite these findings, the father-adolescent relationship is understudied in association with these outcomes. The current study examined relations between adolescents’ perception of school connectedness and father-adolescent relationship quality and delinquent behavior and positive adolescent functioning outcomes. This study used data collected when youth were nine and fifteen years old from the …

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