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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Work-Family Centrality Profile And Its Moderating Role On The Effects Of Work-Family Conflict, Anqi Li May 2019

Work-Family Centrality Profile And Its Moderating Role On The Effects Of Work-Family Conflict, Anqi Li

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation employs latent profile analysis to explore potential work-family centrality profiles and its associated antecedents, distal outcomes, as well as its interaction effect with work-family conflict in shaping match-domain outcomes. Stemmed from the identity theory (Stryker, 1968, 1980), work centrality and family centrality describe how central an individual places identities associated with work roles and family roles relatively to one’s overall identity, respectively. A person’s work-family centrality profiles is configured by one’s standings on work centrality and family centrality simultaneously. Two studies were conducted in this dissertation. Study 1 followed the three-step approach to latent profile analysis (Asparouhov & …

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An Evaluation Of The “Opportunity To Mand” During Instruction For Learners With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Marilynn Vanessa Colato May 2019

An Evaluation Of The “Opportunity To Mand” During Instruction For Learners With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Marilynn Vanessa Colato

Theses and Dissertations

This study evaluated whether providing the opportunity to mand during instruction affects the rate of acquisition of new skills for learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Additionally, researchers sought to compare the rate of acquisition utilizing the opportunity to mand as a consequence with an instructor-selected condition. A non-concurrent multiple baseline across participants was conducted to demonstrate the effects of providing the opportunity to mand as a reinforcer. Contingent on a correct response, participants were allowed to communicate to the researcher (either vocally or through PECs) a preferred reinforcer. All reinforcer selections were recorded and used to yoke reinforcer presentations …

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Teaching Children To Tact Their Emotions As A Replacement For Problem Behavior, Regina Nastri May 2019

Teaching Children To Tact Their Emotions As A Replacement For Problem Behavior, Regina Nastri

Theses and Dissertations

Private events are stimuli and behaviors that occur within one's own skin and are only observable to the person experiencing them. Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty describing their private events, which can lead to difficulty in communicating and bouts of problem behavior. It is important for children diagnosed with ASD to learn to tact private events, such as emotions, to effectively communicate how they are feeling. A popular parenting practice is to teach children to tact their emotions during naturally occurring, teachable moments when they are demonstrating those emotional responses. This study looked to examine the …

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Evaluation Of A Wearable Activity Schedule For Promoting Independent Play In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Basak Topcuoglu May 2019

Evaluation Of A Wearable Activity Schedule For Promoting Independent Play In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Basak Topcuoglu

Theses and Dissertations

Activity schedules are an antecedent intervention in which a series of visual cues, presented typically in booklets or binders, function as prompts for steps in a behavior chain (e.g., classroom routine, playing hide and seek). Although activity schedules are useful in getting individuals to manage their own behaviors, their typical presentation format can be cumbersome and stigmatizing for children placed in general education classrooms, placing additional barriers for independence and inclusion across environments for these children. Some researchers have used electronic devices such as tablets to display activity schedules, and although more socially acceptable, these are still cumbersome for young …

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Discrimination Training To Produce Emergent Relations Of Pre-Algebraic Math Skills, Jeanine Rinda Tanz May 2019

Discrimination Training To Produce Emergent Relations Of Pre-Algebraic Math Skills, Jeanine Rinda Tanz

Theses and Dissertations

Individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have deficits with respect to generalization of skills. Procedures designed to induce stimulus equivalence have been shown to promote generalization. This study used a modified multiple probe design with an embedded multiple schedule to: (a) compare one-to-many (OTM) and many-to-one (MTO) training structures to determine which structure results in more positive equivalence outcomes when all variables are held constant, and (b) determine the extent to which children with ASD demonstrate stimulus equivalence and stimulus class mergers when using educationally relevant stimuli. Four children with ASD were taught two classes of stimuli (Class …

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Smartphone Use In Children’S Shows: A Qualitative Content Analysis, Dylan Mckinley Fleming May 2019

Smartphone Use In Children’S Shows: A Qualitative Content Analysis, Dylan Mckinley Fleming

Theses and Dissertations

This study analyzes media messages through the lenses of social cognitive theory and cultivation theory. Specifically, this study focuses on messages about smartphone use in children’s cartoons. This study found smartphones are portrayed in a positive manner in the majority of the episodes. Themes of smartphone use included learning, helping, and increasing social standing in the case of capturing content for vlogs. Characters who modeled smartphone use were brave and helpful, but in some cases distracted. Outcomes for smartphone use were overwhelmingly positive. Based on the widespread usage of smartphones in real life, smartphone usage is only going to become …

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Strategic Communication Campaign For Foreign Properties Restitution Programs, Quoc Tuan Nguyen May 2019

Strategic Communication Campaign For Foreign Properties Restitution Programs, Quoc Tuan Nguyen

Theses and Dissertations

U.S. laws allow citizens to seek compensation for their properties seized by a foreign nation through foreign settlement claims headed by a special commission under the Department of Justice. Only Congress or the Secretary of State could request this commission to open settlement claims programs. This project aims to improve communication outreach for a nonprofit, Boat People SOS, in its campaign to seek compensation for Vietnamese Americans whose properties have been confiscated by the Vietnamese government. The design project will provide an analysis, an execution plan and also consists of a package of informational products such as brochures, Power Point …

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Resilience To Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms In Child Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Caroline Witek May 2019

Resilience To Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms In Child Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Caroline Witek

Theses and Dissertations

Just as adults may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after being exposed to death, serious injury, or sexual violence, so too may children. Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is one traumatic event that has been linked to the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in children. While the literature to date has drawn strong connections between CSA and subsequent psychopathology (including PTSD diagnoses), and explored factors contributing to resilience to psychopathology development, comparatively little research has been conducted on factors that increase child CSA survivors’ resilience to post-traumatic stress symptom development. Furthermore, much of the research to date has explored long-term …

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Grief And Loss: Supportive Stories For Children With Autism, Danielle Kirsten Lewis May 2019

Grief And Loss: Supportive Stories For Children With Autism, Danielle Kirsten Lewis

Theses and Dissertations

The effect of grief on children with autism is an under-researched area of study. Until recently, it was often assumed that individuals with autism did not have the capacity to grieve. Because of deficits in social skills, interpersonal relationships, and language and communication skills, these individuals are especially vulnerable as they navigate the challenging social and emotional aspects associated with bereavement and grief. Bibliotherapy is offered as supportive strategy for bereaved children, providing them with structure and guidance through a time of uncertainty and change. This study is based on two focus groups, one with teachers of children with autism …

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Treatment Failure Rates In Group Versus Individual Treatment Using The Oq-45: An Archival Replication, Cameron Todd Alldredge May 2019

Treatment Failure Rates In Group Versus Individual Treatment Using The Oq-45: An Archival Replication, Cameron Todd Alldredge

Theses and Dissertations

In routine outcome monitoring (ROM), the rate and timing of treatment failure alerts has been related to the success of feedback in past randomized clinical trials. In a recent OQ-45 feedback study, Burlingame and colleagues (2018) found that the rates and timing of not-on-track (NOT) progress alerts in group treatment were different than those reported for individual treatment. Using data from 58 different therapy groups and 374 patients, NOT progress alerts occurred at 186% of the rate reported by Shimokawa et al. (2010) when they examined over 6,000 patients receiving individual therapy at the same clinics. Another significant difference was …

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Should States Adopt Overdose Immunity Laws?, Jordan Norton Apr 2019

Should States Adopt Overdose Immunity Laws?, Jordan Norton

Theses and Dissertations

From 2014-2015, the CDC saw a 72.2% increase in death rates related to synthetic opioids other than methadone, and a 20.6% increase in heroin related death rates. States have looked to one another for policy examples that would bring these numbers down. One of the earliest of these policies came out of 2001 in New Mexico with the first Naloxone Access Laws (NALs) followed by Drug Overdose Immunity Laws (DOILs) in 2007. These laws sought to remove barriers to people administering Naloxone and calling emergency responders due to overdoses, granting immunity to callers and overdose sufferers. This study looked at …

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Exploring The Influence Of Relational Frame Theory On The Treatment Acceptability Of Noncontingent Reinforcement, Amanda R. Rohan Apr 2019

Exploring The Influence Of Relational Frame Theory On The Treatment Acceptability Of Noncontingent Reinforcement, Amanda R. Rohan

Theses and Dissertations

Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR), delivered on a fixed-time schedule, is a behavioral and evidence-based intervention recommended by school psychologists that may be underutilized due to resistance to behaviorally-orientated strategies, which often conflict with the child-centered training philosophies of teachers (Bear, 2013). Due to training rooted different learning philosophies, the language and verbal repertoires amongst these professionals may not always be consistent, presenting a barrier to effective communication. Relational Frame Theory (RFT) holds that the core of human language and cognition is the ability to learn to relate terms and ideas and has been effectively used to alleviate communication barriers by expanding …

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Gender And Organizational Citizenship Behavior In Library Technology: Mixed Methods Study, Sharon Whitfield Apr 2019

Gender And Organizational Citizenship Behavior In Library Technology: Mixed Methods Study, Sharon Whitfield

Theses and Dissertations

Academic librarianship continues to be a feminized profession, yet there are specializations within the profession that tend to be gender segregated, such as library technology. In this mixed methods study, women technology librarians' behaviors are examined through the gendered lens of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), which are discretionary, voluntary acts that are outside an employee's job description (Organ, 1988), but help shape the organizational culture and facilitate organizational functioning (Podsakoff & MacKenzie, 1997). This mixed methods study uses a survey to inform the extent of differences in organizational citizenship behaviors between men and women, and interviews to provide new insight …

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The Use Of Trazodone Hydrochloride To Reduce Stress In Dogs During The Transition Period Into A Municipal Animal Shelter: Impact On Incidence Of Illness, Length Of Stay, And Outcome, Jennifer L. Abrams Apr 2019

The Use Of Trazodone Hydrochloride To Reduce Stress In Dogs During The Transition Period Into A Municipal Animal Shelter: Impact On Incidence Of Illness, Length Of Stay, And Outcome, Jennifer L. Abrams

Theses and Dissertations

A large municipal animal shelter in NYC gave dogs low doses of trazodone hydrochloride at the time of intake to evaluate its efficacy in reducing transitional stress. Statistically significant decreases in illness rate and length of stay and increase in adoption rate were observed in the dogs given trazodone.

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The Role Of Religious Reformist Discourse In Regime Resilience In Iran, Fatemeh Jamali Apr 2019

The Role Of Religious Reformist Discourse In Regime Resilience In Iran, Fatemeh Jamali

Theses and Dissertations

Since the Islamic Revolution in 1979, Iran has been seen as the primary bastion of radical Shi‘a Islam and a force which fosters the Middle East instability. The Iranian regime has often been labeled as a theocracy, which often overshadowed the attention to nuances about its polity and its mechanisms of survival. The main purpose of this thesis is to shed light on the political system of Iran and its survival mechanism while situating it in the hybrid regime category. Hybrid regime framework is especially useful since it allows us to better understand the resilience of the hybrid political structure …

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Evolution Of Endurance Running Genes Across Primates, Natalia T. Grube Apr 2019

Evolution Of Endurance Running Genes Across Primates, Natalia T. Grube

Theses and Dissertations

The endurance running hypothesis has emerged as a key idea to explain several unique anatomical, physiological, and genetic features of modern humans—among these features is the evolution of ACTN3 (Bramble & Lieberman 2004, Nature), a gene linked to human athletic performance. An additional gene linked to human endurance performance is ACE. Because endurance running is a uniquely human trait, I predicted that ACE and ACTN3 genes would be evolving adaptively in the human lineage when examined in a wider primatological framework. To test this I compiled ACE and ACTN3 genes from 14 primate species and phylogenetically tested if these genes …

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Beyond The Sentimental Cliche: How Local Communities Impact Residents And Shape Public Opinion, Kate Brunk Apr 2019

Beyond The Sentimental Cliche: How Local Communities Impact Residents And Shape Public Opinion, Kate Brunk

Theses and Dissertations

The Trump administration has recently established a rule that will prohibit abortion services providers from receiving Title X funds for the non-abortion family planning services they provide. Little public opinion research has focused on family planning and reproductive health topics outside of abortion. I find statistically significant experimental evidence that increasing perceptions of local need for a local reproductive health clinic caused subjects to be more supportive of federal reproductive health funding for local clinics. I did not find statistically significant correlational evidence that objective measures of poor reproductive health at the county level influence public opinion on federal reproductive …

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Police Body-Worn Camera Perceptions Pre/Post Deployment, Aaron Veerman Apr 2019

Police Body-Worn Camera Perceptions Pre/Post Deployment, Aaron Veerman

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if officers’ perceptions of Body-Worn Cameras (BWCs) changed over the course of a six-month pilot program. Officers from a Midwest police department were surveyed prior to or shortly after receiving their BWCs (Pre-Test) and again approximately six months later (Post-Test). Once completed, independent samples t-tests, mean comparisons, and Pearson’s correlations were used to analyze the data. This study did not produce many significant differences in officers’ perceptions over the course of the study, according to t-test results. However, several significant differences were found after each shift was analyzed separately. Overall, less than …

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Inked Bodies, Blank Pages; A Study Of Amazigh Tattooing, Hannah Mesouani Apr 2019

Inked Bodies, Blank Pages; A Study Of Amazigh Tattooing, Hannah Mesouani

Theses and Dissertations

The tradition of Moroccan Amazigh tattooing reflects the values and lived experiences of the communities that partake in this sacred practice. Adorning their fellow women with symbols of protection, tribe alliances and fertility, Amazigh women display their core values on face and body that come to represent their community. The power of these images and the women that wear them have stood the test of time, even in a newly male-dominated, Islamic Morocco that frowns upon body modification and promotes a nationalism that leaves little room for Amazigh tradition. In a corner of the world where literacy rates are low, …

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"We Need To Stop Temporarily Caring: "Pulse, Spoken Word Poetry, And Audience Counter-Narrative Creation, Hannah G. Trew Apr 2019

"We Need To Stop Temporarily Caring: "Pulse, Spoken Word Poetry, And Audience Counter-Narrative Creation, Hannah G. Trew

Theses and Dissertations

On June 12, 2016, 49 people were killed, and 53 people were injured in a shooting at Pulse, a popular gay club in Orlando, Florida. The Pulse Nightclub shooting was the deadliest mass shooting in the United States at that time and the deadliest violent act against the LGBTQ+ community in the United States (Hancock & Haldeman, 2017; Jackson, 2017; Walter, Billard, & Murphy, 2017). The media were divided in labeling the shooting a terrorist attack or a hate crime, creating a master narrative surrounding the shooting. However, LGBTQ+ spoken word poets rejected the media’s storylines, developing counter-narratives, and instead …

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The Impact Of Community-Based Training Outreach In Improving Water Quality, Health, And Sanitation In Kenya, Lavender Matuyia Ntaoti Apr 2019

The Impact Of Community-Based Training Outreach In Improving Water Quality, Health, And Sanitation In Kenya, Lavender Matuyia Ntaoti

Theses and Dissertations

Water is an important component of the human body. A greater percentage of the body comprises of water. Digestion, brain function, movement, and sweating among others are the basic functions of the human body that require water. Often, water quality is neglected in developing countries such as Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. Many individuals in these countries understand the importance of having accessible water but do not prioritize the quality and the sources of the water available to them. Public health scholars endorse education, training, and sanitary infrastructure to promote awareness and importance of water quality. To address an existing waterborne …

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Domestic Space In The Times Of Change: The Collapse Of The Ussr, 1985-2000s, Kateryna L. Malaia Apr 2019

Domestic Space In The Times Of Change: The Collapse Of The Ussr, 1985-2000s, Kateryna L. Malaia

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examines the ways urban domestic spaces transformed under the pressure of social upheaval related to the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The collapse of the Soviet Union has been examined from a standpoint of spatial changes, but existing studies are limited to public spaces and city-scale transformations. In other words, the collapse of the USSR remains a virtually uninvestigated event from the perspective of ordinary places integral for the study of social change in everyday life, such as apartment homes, courtyards, and residential streets. Between the late 1980s and 2000s, an unprecedented remodeling and home improvement boom …

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Exposure To Suicidal Behavior Predicts A Suicide Attempt, Depending On Past Psychiatric Diagnosis, Emily A. Kline Apr 2019

Exposure To Suicidal Behavior Predicts A Suicide Attempt, Depending On Past Psychiatric Diagnosis, Emily A. Kline

Theses and Dissertations

We hypothesized that adolescents with a psychiatric diagnosis that were exposed to a suicide attempt and/or suicide death are at risk for future suicide attempts. Exposure to suicidal behavior did not predict future suicide attempts, however the interaction between having a psychiatric diagnosis and exposure significantly predicted future suicide attempts.

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Dynamic Environments And Judicial Power, Monica Lineberger Apr 2019

Dynamic Environments And Judicial Power, Monica Lineberger

Theses and Dissertations

The study of judicial independence in comparative environments is an increasingly important endeavor for scholars and policy-makers. Scholars seek to understand how an institution without any degree of enforceable power can leverage its position into an influential member of country politics. Policy-makers assume that a high degree of judicial independence correlates with the rule of law, and consequently, a respect for the outcomes from judicial processes. While in recent history the United States Supreme Court has enjoyed a relatively stable degree of judicial autonomy, courts in other countries are plagued by institutional weakness, attacks from other institutions, or corruption from …

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Examining The Influence Of Technoference On Sexual Satisfaction And Relationship Satisfaction Using Actor-Partner Interdependence Modeling Among Young Adult Couples, Christopher J. Hipp Apr 2019

Examining The Influence Of Technoference On Sexual Satisfaction And Relationship Satisfaction Using Actor-Partner Interdependence Modeling Among Young Adult Couples, Christopher J. Hipp

Theses and Dissertations

Young adult couples experience differing levels of relationship and sexual satisfaction throughout the development and duration of their relationship. The levels of relationship and sexual satisfaction depend on factors associated with expectations by the individual members of what constitutes acceptable rewards and costs for the continuance of the relationship. Technology use within a relationship is a relatively new concept in research shown to produce potential rewards and costs that influence relationship development and/or sustainment; however, the results of technology use in romantic relationships remains an understudied area. Even less is known about the effects of technoference on young adult couples’ …

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African American Hair And Beauty: Examining Afrocentricity And Identity Through The Reemergence And Expression Of Natural Hair In The 21st Century, Tiffany Nicole Peacock Apr 2019

African American Hair And Beauty: Examining Afrocentricity And Identity Through The Reemergence And Expression Of Natural Hair In The 21st Century, Tiffany Nicole Peacock

Theses and Dissertations

In the 21st century, African American women are challenging the stereotypes and limitations of who or what defines beauty. More African American women are cutting off their relaxed tresses and starting anew with the natural roots that was inherited from their African ancestors. The recent transition challenges post-colonial ideas of what it means to have good or bad hair through the empowerment of Black men and women. Rooted within the Black Power and Black is Beautiful movements of the 1970s, African American women are no longer accepting or tolerating how someone else will define their hair. By altering their kinky, …

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Providing Prevention Education About Child Sexual Abuse To Parents: Testing Media Effects On Knowledge, Behavioral Intentions And Outcomes, Jane Long Weatherred Apr 2019

Providing Prevention Education About Child Sexual Abuse To Parents: Testing Media Effects On Knowledge, Behavioral Intentions And Outcomes, Jane Long Weatherred

Theses and Dissertations

For over thirty years, efforts have been made by child sexual abuse (CSA) advocates to attract and engage parents in child sexual abuse prevention education programs. This study provided parents with CSA prevention education about how to talk to their children about CSA and assessed their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions to perform this behavior utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior. A follow-up survey was conducted to find out if the parents actually performed the behavior of talking to their children and what they talked to them about. The results were 1) that all of the …

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Associations Among Parenting Style And Parental Feeding Practices On Adolescent Self-Efficacy For Diet And Obesity In African American Adolescents, Haylee Loncar Apr 2019

Associations Among Parenting Style And Parental Feeding Practices On Adolescent Self-Efficacy For Diet And Obesity In African American Adolescents, Haylee Loncar

Theses and Dissertations

Previous literature has demonstrated relationships between parenting factors and child health. However, few studies have investigated such associations in African American and adolescent samples. The proposed study aimed to investigate the relationships between parenting factors (parenting style and parental feeding practices), and adolescent self-efficacy for diet, and adolescent body mass index (BMI) in African American families. Baseline data were collected from 241 African American parent- adolescent dyads enrolled in the Families Improving Together (FIT) for Weight Loss trial. Adolescents self-reported their perceptions of their caregiver’s parenting style and feeding practices, as well as perceptions of their own self-efficacy for diet. …

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Examining Perceptions And Sensemaking Of Wellness Among African American Women Who Manifest The Archetype Of The Strong Black Woman, Donya D. Wallace Apr 2019

Examining Perceptions And Sensemaking Of Wellness Among African American Women Who Manifest The Archetype Of The Strong Black Woman, Donya D. Wallace

Theses and Dissertations

Furthering a strengths-based approach to mental health and wellness requires researchers to explore the role of cultural systems, sociohistorical factors and the intersectionality of race and gender as factors impacting wellness. To fill the existing gap in the literature describing perceptions of wellness through a cultural lens, I examined experiences of wellness among African American women who manifest the archetype of the Strong Black Woman. Working within the client’s perspective, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed to analyze data collected during semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus groups. I conducted the interviews to explored participant personal and social experiences with wellness. Super-ordinate …

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Mental Health And The Relationship Between Parental Divorce And Children’S Higher Degree Acquisition, Brittany V. Pittelli Apr 2019

Mental Health And The Relationship Between Parental Divorce And Children’S Higher Degree Acquisition, Brittany V. Pittelli

Theses and Dissertations

Studies between parental divorce and children’s educational attainment have been extensively observed in family research. However, few studies have attempted to examine the negative relationship of those associations with graduate level attainment. This study suggests that parental divorce is associated with diminished overall mental health (i.e., depressive symptoms) in children, and that this decrease may help explain the connection between parental divorce and lower graduate level academic attainment. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), a nationally representative sample of nearly 9,000 individuals interviewed, this study outlines hypotheses that link parental divorce, mental health, and graduate …

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