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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Tv Dads: A Grounded Theory Analysis Of Viewer Perceptions Of Fathers In Television Dramas, Katherine Ann Barboza Jul 2018

Tv Dads: A Grounded Theory Analysis Of Viewer Perceptions Of Fathers In Television Dramas, Katherine Ann Barboza

Theses and Dissertations

The present study aims to identify what viewer perceptions individuals have regarding fathers in television dramas. Framed through uses and gratifications theory and executed through the grounded theory method, 12 participants were interviewed. After analysis, findings revealed that although participants say that general perceptions of fathers on TV are negative, they have seen personally the diversity and variety of father portrayals in their favorite television dramas. Additionally, the realism of the TV dramas and characters influence the relatability to both the father figures and other characters in the show. This relatability, in turn, influences the likeability and loyalty to the …

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Pyramidal Parent Training For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder In Southeast Europe, Laura Lyn Knecht Jul 2018

Pyramidal Parent Training For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder In Southeast Europe, Laura Lyn Knecht

Theses and Dissertations

Families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in developing countries may not have as much access to needed behavioral services as families living in developed countries. Caregivers of children with ASD in developing countries would benefit from an affordable, efficient parent training to teach them behavior techniques to use with their children. Pyramidal training is a cost-efficient method of training individuals through peers and would be a supportive intervention for families in developing countries. This study used a repeated acquisition design across three variables to examine whether a caregiver could train another caregiver on three behavioral interventions. These interventions …

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Reducing The Impact Of Disabilities In Developing Nations: Implications From A Parent Delivered Behavioral Intervention In Macedonia, Sophie Visick Rindlisbaker Jul 2018

Reducing The Impact Of Disabilities In Developing Nations: Implications From A Parent Delivered Behavioral Intervention In Macedonia, Sophie Visick Rindlisbaker

Theses and Dissertations

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized the world over as a major public health issue. Autism is highly prevalent, persists across the lifespan, and is characterized by behaviors that can profoundly impair typical functioning. Interventions based on behavioral strategies have proven effective, but there are significant barriers to care, including cost, intensity of treatment, and access to qualified practitioners. The impact of ASD and obstacles to appropriate care are magnified by systemic limitations in developing countries. Parent training holds promise as a method of disseminating therapy to underserved areas. This study investigated the effectiveness of a pyramidal parent training intervention …

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The Relationship Between Experiential Avoidance And Physiological Reactivity, Brodrick Thomas Brown Jul 2018

The Relationship Between Experiential Avoidance And Physiological Reactivity, Brodrick Thomas Brown

Theses and Dissertations

Due to the universal nature of stress, and its impact on physical health, it is important to understand how it is related to other psychological variables. The current study was undertaken in order to investigate whether an individual's cardiovascular reactivity to stress is impacted by their level of experiential avoidance, as measured by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). Individuals who are experientially avoidant are more likely to attempt to escape or prevent certain experiences and make effort to change them or avoid the contexts in which they occur. Previous research has indicated that experiential avoidance is related to some …

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The Power Of Three: A Latent Class Analysis Of The Three Parent-Child Relationships In Stepfamilies And Their Influence On Emerging Adult Outcomes, Braquel Rachel Egginton Jul 2018

The Power Of Three: A Latent Class Analysis Of The Three Parent-Child Relationships In Stepfamilies And Their Influence On Emerging Adult Outcomes, Braquel Rachel Egginton

Theses and Dissertations

Research on stepfamilies strongly supports the importance of positive parent-child relationships on child outcomes. However, most of this research has focused on one or two of these relationships failing to acknowledge the interconnected impact of all three parental figures. To fill this gap, I used latent class analysis and identified six classes of parent-child relationship constellations. The national sample in this study (n=1,159) were all participants in The Stepfamily Experiences Project (STEP). Parent-child relationship quality indicators were based on participants' retrospective reports on the warmth/closeness, communication, and level of active parenting they experienced in their stepfamily household. After identifying classes …

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Relational Empowerment: The Longitudinal Influence Of Perceived Marital Power On Marital Quality And Attachment Security Over Five Years Of Marriage, Nathan D. Leonhardt Jul 2018

Relational Empowerment: The Longitudinal Influence Of Perceived Marital Power On Marital Quality And Attachment Security Over Five Years Of Marriage, Nathan D. Leonhardt

Theses and Dissertations

Perceiving shared power in marriage has been linked to higher marital quality and lower attachment insecurity. Yet limited research has examined whether perception of power has a longitudinal influence on how both spouses' perceptions play a role in both spouses' outcomes. To address previous limitations, I utilized 319 couples (94.7% retention from Wave 1) from the Flourishing Families Project to estimate bi-yearly (Waves 1, 3, and 5) and yearly (Waves 3-5) longitudinal actor-partner interdependence models. Reporting shared power in marriage was linked to the actors' higher marital quality and lower attachment insecurity over time (though less consistently for attachment insecurity). …

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Age, Plans To Move, And Perceptions Of Collective Efficacy, Wesley B. Jeffrey Jul 2018

Age, Plans To Move, And Perceptions Of Collective Efficacy, Wesley B. Jeffrey

Theses and Dissertations

There is a growing recognition that to more fully understand the complex dynamics of neighborhoods and communities, we must effectively link the micro- and macro-level dimensions of community processes. As important as collective efficacy at the macro level has been shown to be, literature looking at factors shaping the individual-level experience is relatively scarce. Since the latent community attribute of collective efficacy is largely measured as a function of individual perceptions, understanding what affects the individual is vital, especially in light of within-neighborhood heterogeneity. In this study, I use insights from social disorganization theory, the systemic model to community attachment, …

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Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injury On Pediatric Brain Volume, Sanam Jivani Lalani Jul 2018

Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injury On Pediatric Brain Volume, Sanam Jivani Lalani

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the effects of lesion presence within larger brain networks (e.g., default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and mentalizing network (MN)) in the chronic phase of a pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the effect on social function. We compared children with a TBI to children with an orthopedic injury (OI) with three different aims. The first aim was to determine whether network volume differed by group (e.g., TBI vs. OI). Second, investigate if lesion presence in a sub component region of the network resulted in total network volume loss for that network. Finally, learn whether network …

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Psychotherapy Utilization And Presenting Concerns Among Asian International And Asian American Students In A University Counseling Center, Hannah La Stokes Jul 2018

Psychotherapy Utilization And Presenting Concerns Among Asian International And Asian American Students In A University Counseling Center, Hannah La Stokes

Theses and Dissertations

To date, there has not been research that disaggregates the experiences of Asian American and international Asian college students seeking psychotherapy in college campus settings. We examined archival data collected over the course of a 17-year period that focused on experiences of Asian American, international Asian, and European American students at a large university in the intermountain west, US. More specifically, we used archival data to identify differences between the aforementioned groups of students in regard to psychotherapy utilization, presenting concerns, distress levels endorsed at intake, and distress levels endorsed at termination. Results were calculated based on findings from the …

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Video-Based Interventions For Teaching Calendar Skills To Individuals With Autism, Malinda Glasgow Jul 2018

Video-Based Interventions For Teaching Calendar Skills To Individuals With Autism, Malinda Glasgow

Theses and Dissertations

Video-Based Instruction (VBI) is an evidence-based practice that has been used for teaching new skills to individuals with disabilities for over two decades. VBI involves the use of pre-recorded videos to teach new skills. Benefits of VBI include flexibility in when the instruction is provided to students and allows students to receive instruction while the teacher is working with another person. A multiple baseline across participants design was used to evaluate the impact of the independent variable of VBI, upon the dependent variables of (a) the percentage of steps completed correctly to make novel calendar entries; (b) the timeliness of …

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Identifying As Lesbian, Gay, Or Bisexual At Work: Implications Of Disclosure Within Work Teams, Jesse R. Caylor Jul 2018

Identifying As Lesbian, Gay, Or Bisexual At Work: Implications Of Disclosure Within Work Teams, Jesse R. Caylor

Theses and Dissertations

As is the case for members of any stigmatized minority group, lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals face heightened adversity within the workplace (Herek, 2009). However, unlike employees with stigmatized identities that are readily apparent (e.g., race, gender), employees who identify as LGB are afforded a unique opportunity to avoid the adversity associated with their stigma altogether by choosing not to identify themselves (e.g., maintain the appearance of being heterosexual). However, despite the potential negative consequences, many LGB employees choose to disclose their sexual orientation to their coworkers and supervisors. Research on the impact of disclosure behaviors on subsequent job …

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Cognition And Behavioral Outcome In Children And Adolescents With Previous Ecmo Treatment: A Case Series With Neuroimaging Correlates, Juliann Thompson Jul 2018

Cognition And Behavioral Outcome In Children And Adolescents With Previous Ecmo Treatment: A Case Series With Neuroimaging Correlates, Juliann Thompson

Theses and Dissertations

Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving procedure for patients in respiratory or cardiac distress. Prior studies have demonstrated several known risks to the procedure, such as hypoxia, stroke, and other neurological complications (Cheng et al., 2014) that can lead to temporary or permanent deficits in motor abilities, developmental trajectory, academic abilities, and cognition (Glass et al., 1995). Although several studies have investigated morbidity and mortality rates of pediatric ECMO patients, few have looked at cognitive deficits, and even fewer at magnetic resonance imaging in relation to neuropsychological outcome and behavioral, emotional, or social functioning. The aims of this study …

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A Content Analysis Of Relationships And Intimacy In Teen Dramas On Television, Sara Valoise Lamb Jul 2018

A Content Analysis Of Relationships And Intimacy In Teen Dramas On Television, Sara Valoise Lamb

Theses and Dissertations

Television programs continue to play a significant role in a teenager's life as they become involved in dating relationships. Adolescence is a pivotal period of life. Teenagers' usage of media, especially television, provides a source of norms and scripts of what a relationship looks like. The portrayals of sexual content in teen programs has become a source of sexual information instead of parents and peers. Many parents are unaware of the sexual content teen programs deliver to their audiences. This study analyzes how teen dramas create expectations through their portrayal of relationships and intimacy on television. Five teen television programs …

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Nonprofit Public Relationships On Social Media: The Public's Perspective, Brooke Lauren Smith Jul 2018

Nonprofit Public Relationships On Social Media: The Public's Perspective, Brooke Lauren Smith

Theses and Dissertations

This work explores the effect of social media on expectations held by nonprofit publics as they seek to build and maintain relationships with nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in the context of expectancy violation theory, social capital, and the situational theory of publics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 individuals who follow a nonprofit on social media to understand the public perspective on nonprofit organizations' relationship building and maintaining behaviors on social media. The study found that nonprofit publics do have specific expectations for how NPOs should build and maintain relationships on social media (i.e., high-quality posts, level of interaction being limited …

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Does The Scientist-Practitioner Gap Have Ontological Roots?, Eric Alexander Ghelfi Jul 2018

Does The Scientist-Practitioner Gap Have Ontological Roots?, Eric Alexander Ghelfi

Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, the nature and extent of practitioners' dissatisfaction with the psychotherapy research literature will first be described. A case will be made that a deeper analysis needs to be conducted to fully understand this dissatisfaction. Next, this dissatisfaction will be framed in the context of a particular ontology that seems to have largely contributed to it. Most importantly, several features of this ontology will be described and connected to practitioners' dissatisfaction. Finally, an alternative framework for understanding practitioners' dissatisfaction will be tentatively proposed, and it will be suggested that this alternative could help researchers and practitioners understand their …

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Article 1- "God Will Glorify Your Marriage": Marital Satisfaction And Relational Spirituality In Religious Black Couples Article 2- "A Godly Man": A Qualitative Exploration Of The Influence Of Religion On Black Masculinity And Fatherhood, Travis James Moore Jul 2018

Article 1- "God Will Glorify Your Marriage": Marital Satisfaction And Relational Spirituality In Religious Black Couples Article 2- "A Godly Man": A Qualitative Exploration Of The Influence Of Religion On Black Masculinity And Fatherhood, Travis James Moore

Theses and Dissertations

Research suggest that Black couples tend to marry later, with less frequency, have marriages that do not last as long, and are more prone to divorce than other racial categories. However, religion may play an important role to counteract the negative marriage trends among Black heterosexual couples. As a growing subfield of family psychology this study examines the influence of religion on marital sanctification and relational spirituality among 33 Black married couples (N = 66). In-depth qualitative interviews with Black married couples were analyzed to see how religion informed and shaped perceptions of marital sanctification as well as unique relational …

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The Effect Of Common Factor Therapist Behaviors On Change In Marital Satisfaction, Li Ping Su Jul 2018

The Effect Of Common Factor Therapist Behaviors On Change In Marital Satisfaction, Li Ping Su

Theses and Dissertations

Couple therapy has been proven to be successful in treating marital distress and mental health problems; however, not everyone benefits from couple therapy. Although research suggests that some couple therapists are more effective than others, little research has explored the in-session behaviors of effective couple therapists. The purpose of this study was to code the therapist behaviors of therapist warmth, empathy, validation, presence, collaboration, systemically-based techniques, and session structure in the first session of 17 Emotionally Focused Therapy cases of couple therapy to examine their ability to predict pre-therapy to post-therapy change in male and female marital satisfaction. The seven …

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“Get On The Line”: Improving Pass-Naming In Collegiate Women’S Lacrosse Using Negative Reinforcement And Signaling, Jesse Depaolo Jul 2018

“Get On The Line”: Improving Pass-Naming In Collegiate Women’S Lacrosse Using Negative Reinforcement And Signaling, Jesse Depaolo

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the separate and combined effects of negative reinforcement and signaling to improve the athletic performance of college athletes. Eleven female varsity lacrosse players who attended a private college in the southeastern United States participated in the study. The team coaches requested help with increasing “pass-naming,” (i.e., saying the name of an intended receiver before the ball was passed), to alert her of an incoming pass. The following procedure included a negative reinforcement component, whereby players could reduce daily required sprints by calling out intended receivers’ names to alert them of incoming passes. An additional procedure included affixing …

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The Effects Of Rapport Building On Performance And Discretionary Effort, Scott Michael Curry Jul 2018

The Effects Of Rapport Building On Performance And Discretionary Effort, Scott Michael Curry

Theses and Dissertations

A common concern among business professionals is that rapport building or positive relationships in the workplace can enhance organizational outcomes and employee satisfaction. However, limited research has systematically tested and evaluated the effects of rapport on performance or discretionary effort. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of rapport building on performance and discretionary effort in comparison to no rapport building in an analogue setting. Participants in the present study consisted of 48 undergraduate students who were placed into either the rapport or non-rapport group. Participants completed a check-processing task to evaluate performance and were …

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Quantifying Errors Of Bias And Discriminability Emitted By Children During A Matching-To-Sample Task, Courtney Hannula Jul 2018

Quantifying Errors Of Bias And Discriminability Emitted By Children During A Matching-To-Sample Task, Courtney Hannula

Theses and Dissertations

Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) make errors during discrimination training regardless of antecedent or consequent procedures implemented to decrease errors. Further, these interventions are not guided by the source of errors. Two equations from Davison and Tustin’s (1978) framework can quantify errors due to bias and discriminability, known as log𝑏 and log𝑑, respectively. This framework categorized errors emitted by children diagnosed with ASD during a matching-to-sample task. The task was displayed on a touchscreen device in which touching a sample stimulus at the beginning of each trial resulted in the appearance of two comparison stimuli. Researchers delivered reinforcement …

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Does Training Multiple Alternative Responses Mitigate Resurgence?, Kelsey Purcell Jul 2018

Does Training Multiple Alternative Responses Mitigate Resurgence?, Kelsey Purcell

Theses and Dissertations

Resurgence is a type of treatment relapse that occurs when an extinguished behavior reappears once a more recently reinforced behavior is placed on extinction. Resurgence of problem behavior often occurs when treatment-integrity errors are made during the implementation of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA). Training multiple alternative responses shows a promise in mitigating resurgence of problem behavior compared to training only a single response. The current study used laboratory methods to systematically replicate previous studies comparing the effects of more typical-DRA training with serial-DRA training on the magnitude of resurgence. Extensions included children as participants, topographically different target and …

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Communication Audit For Groundswell Startups, Abeer Janakat Jul 2018

Communication Audit For Groundswell Startups, Abeer Janakat

Theses and Dissertations

This design project provides Groundswell Startups with a set of suggestions for its communication strategies based on a communication audit. The suggestions are based on marketing and communication literature, as well as, research conducted with internal and external members of Groundswell’s community. Qualitative research methods like a social media content analysis along with a focus groups and interviews were utilized to conduct the audit. The social media content analysis explores analytics features provided by Groundswell’s different platforms: Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. The intent behind the communication audit and following suggestions is to support Groundswell in shaping a go-to high tech …

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16pf Couples Counseling Report: Predictors Of Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity, And Relationship Adjustment Of Males In Marital Therapy, Drema Jane Carpenter Jul 2018

16pf Couples Counseling Report: Predictors Of Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity, And Relationship Adjustment Of Males In Marital Therapy, Drema Jane Carpenter

Theses and Dissertations

In the 1960’s-1970’s, the science and history of marital satisfaction was linked to ethnic, religious, and racial similarity. Previous research has administered new psychological and sociological tests, which were believed to predict marital satisfaction. Divorce rates started to rise in the 1980s in the United States. Difficulties surrounding companionate marriage revealed anxieties about the expansion of women’s legal rights, educational and employment opportunities, and interfaith or interracial marriage. Society, views on marriage, and differences between couples have contributed to difficulties in marriage. Further, research on predictors of marital satisfaction, personality similarity, and relationship adjustment was limited. The present study utilizes …

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Illegitimate Tasks And Employee Silence: A Moderated Mediation Model, Timothy A. Davis Jul 2018

Illegitimate Tasks And Employee Silence: A Moderated Mediation Model, Timothy A. Davis

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the relationship between illegitimate tasks and employee silence and examined the mediating role of job engagement and the moderating effect of agreeableness and conscientiousness. Grounded in justice theory, stress research, and the engagement literature, this study found illegitimate tasks to positively predict employee silence and negatively predict job engagement. Significant results were not found for the moderation and mediation analysis of personality traits and job engagement, respectively.

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An Evaluation Of Static Versus Dynamic Instructional Stimuli On Generalization Of Action Tacts, Shana Renee Fentress Jul 2018

An Evaluation Of Static Versus Dynamic Instructional Stimuli On Generalization Of Action Tacts, Shana Renee Fentress

Theses and Dissertations

Researchers have noted that children with autism have difficulty generalizing responses to stimuli outside of those used in training. Some studies have analyzed ways to promote generalization such as using concurrent training or using stimuli that would be most similar to those found in the natural environment. Little research, however, has investigated strategies for promoting generalization of action tacts. The current study investigated two different types of stimulus delivery forms: static (i.e., pictures), which are typically used during instruction, and dynamic (i.e., videos), which may provide stimulation closer to that which a child would encounter in a natural setting. Findings …

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Distinguishing Adaptation And Adjustment: Effects On Communication And Safety Performance In Dynamic Work Environments, Kayla Lynne Hoelzel Jul 2018

Distinguishing Adaptation And Adjustment: Effects On Communication And Safety Performance In Dynamic Work Environments, Kayla Lynne Hoelzel

Theses and Dissertations

People are different in their capacities in adapting and adjusting to dynamic workplaces. Previous literature lacks the distinction between the two constructs, which results in a lack of understanding in how adaptation and adjustment influence other organizational variables such as performance. In the current study, I first summarize the current literature on these two constructs from a few different fields in psychology, discuss the theoretical distinctions of these two constructs, and propose that they should be defined as separate constructs. Then, I establish construct validities for both concepts by developing nomological networks for both adaptation and adjustment based on the …

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16pf Couples Counseling Report: Predictors Of Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity, And Relationship Adjustment Of Females In Marital Therapy, Megan Christine Hart Jul 2018

16pf Couples Counseling Report: Predictors Of Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity, And Relationship Adjustment Of Females In Marital Therapy, Megan Christine Hart

Theses and Dissertations

The preponderance of research in marital therapy focuses on dissatisfaction, discord, and divorce among couples, often leading to an unbalanced perspective of the complex and dynamic nature of relationships. Utilizing an approach to examine the strengths, or specific areas of satisfaction, the present study utilizes the 16 Personality Factor Couple’s Counseling Report (16PF CCR) variables of overall Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity, and Relationship Adjustment to address factors related to adaptive relationships for females in marital therapy. Results demonstrated a positive significant relationship between overall Marital Satisfaction and eight of the nine individual satisfaction areas. There was also a positive significant …

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16pf Couple’S Counseling Report: Gender Differences In Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity, And Relationship Adjustment Of Couples In Marital Therapy, Catherine Amelia Mullis Jul 2018

16pf Couple’S Counseling Report: Gender Differences In Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity, And Relationship Adjustment Of Couples In Marital Therapy, Catherine Amelia Mullis

Theses and Dissertations

The present study uses the16 Personality Factor Couple’s Counseling Report (16PF-CCR) to contribute to the current limited understanding of how gender differences, embedded in personality factors, influence marital satisfaction and relationship adjustment. Results were derived from 80 heterosexual couples (160 individuals) seeking marital counseling in a private practice setting. Statistically significant gender differences were found in Primary Personality Factors including Warmth, Sensitivity, Rule-consciousness, Privateness, Emotional Stability, and Tension. Statistical significant gender differences were observed within Global Personality Factors. Toughmindedness, most closely related to the Openness component of the Five Factor Model of Personality, accounted for a substantial amount of the …

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Job Search: From Setting The Goal To Obtaining The Job, Nicholas Aaron Moon Jul 2018

Job Search: From Setting The Goal To Obtaining The Job, Nicholas Aaron Moon

Theses and Dissertations

Job searching is a nearly universal experience with important consequences. Although research on the job search process is extensive, few studies have examined the goals that individuals have during their job search (i.e., employment and job search goals) and the factors that influence these goals over time. However, these goal-related processes are likely to be key in this area given that job searching fundamentally involves goal pursuit and how these processes unfold may have important implications for job seekers. This research begins to fill this gap by examining self-efficacy as an antecedent of job search and employment goals; perceived progress …

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The Integrated Model Of Self-Confidence: Defining And Operationalizing Self-Confidence In Organizational Settings, Kelsey Evelyn Perkins Jul 2018

The Integrated Model Of Self-Confidence: Defining And Operationalizing Self-Confidence In Organizational Settings, Kelsey Evelyn Perkins

Theses and Dissertations

Research suggests that self-confidence is related to success, educational achievement, negotiation, and personal well-being, among other things. It is commonly asserted that employees need to have some degree of self-confidence in order to succeed in the workplace. However, the practical and scientific literatures are lacking in providing a consistent definition and operationalization of the construct. The purpose of this research is to not only summarize the current state of literature on self-confidence, but to use that information to provide a coherent and theoretically-derived definition of self-confidence, so that it can be measured and studied in organizational contexts. This study explores …

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