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2008

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Articles 1171 - 1200 of 15255

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Comparing Factor Loadings In Exploratory Factor Analysis: A New Randomization Test, W. Holmes Finch, Brian F. French Nov 2008

Comparing Factor Loadings In Exploratory Factor Analysis: A New Randomization Test, W. Holmes Finch, Brian F. French

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Factorial invariance testing requires a referent loading to be constrained equal across groups. This study introduces a randomization test for comparing group exploratory factor analysis loadings so as to identify an invariant referent. Results show that it maintains the Type I error rate while providing adequate power under most conditions.

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A Randomization Method To Control The Type I Error Rates In Best Subset Regression, Yasser A. Shehata, Paul White Nov 2008

A Randomization Method To Control The Type I Error Rates In Best Subset Regression, Yasser A. Shehata, Paul White

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A randomization method for the assessment of statistical significance for best subsets regression is given. The procedure takes into account the number of potential predictors and the inter-dependence between predictors. The approach corrects a non-trivial problem with Type I errors and can be used to assess individual variable significance.

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Correlation Between The Sample Mean And Sample Variance, Ramalingam Shanmugam Nov 2008

Correlation Between The Sample Mean And Sample Variance, Ramalingam Shanmugam

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

This article obtains a general formula to find the correlation coefficient between the sample mean and variance. Several particular results for major non-normal distributions are extracted to help students in classroom, clients during statistical consulting service.

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Constructing Confidence Intervals For Spearman’S Rank Correlation With Ordinal Data: A Simulation Study Comparing Analytic And Bootstrap Methods, John Ruscio Nov 2008

Constructing Confidence Intervals For Spearman’S Rank Correlation With Ordinal Data: A Simulation Study Comparing Analytic And Bootstrap Methods, John Ruscio

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Research shows good probability coverage using analytic confidence intervals (CIs) for Spearman’s rho with continuous data, but poorer coverage with ordinal data. A simulation study examining the latter case replicated prior results and revealed that coverage of bootstrap CIs was usually as good or better than coverage of analytic CIs.

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Two Dimension Marginal Distributions Of Crossing Time And Renewal Numbers Related To Two-Stage Erlang Processes, Mir Ghulam Hyder Talpur, Iffat Zamir, M. Masoom Ali Nov 2008

Two Dimension Marginal Distributions Of Crossing Time And Renewal Numbers Related To Two-Stage Erlang Processes, Mir Ghulam Hyder Talpur, Iffat Zamir, M. Masoom Ali

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The two dimensional marginal transform, probability density and cumulative probability distribution functions for the random variables TξN (time taken by servers during vacations), ξN (number of vacations taken by servers) and Nη (number of customers or units arriving in the system) are derived by taking combinations of these random variables. One random variable is controlled at one time to determine the effect of the other two random variables simultaneously.

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Analyzing Incomplete Categorical Data: Revisiting Maximum Likelihood Estimation (Mle) Procedure, Hoo Ling Ping, M. Ataharul Islam Nov 2008

Analyzing Incomplete Categorical Data: Revisiting Maximum Likelihood Estimation (Mle) Procedure, Hoo Ling Ping, M. Ataharul Islam

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Incomplete data poses formidable difficulties in the application of statistical techniques and requires special procedures to handle. The most common ways to solve this problem are by ignoring, truncating, censoring or collapsing those data, but these may lead to inappropriate conclusions because those data might contain important information. Most of the research for estimating cell probabilities involving incomplete categorical data is based on the EM algorithm. A likelihood approach is employed for estimating cell probabilities for missing values and makes comparisons between maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and the EM algorithm. The MLE can provide almost the same estimates as that …

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Size-Biased Generalized Negative Binomial Distribution, Khurshid Ahmad Mir Nov 2008

Size-Biased Generalized Negative Binomial Distribution, Khurshid Ahmad Mir

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A size biased generalized negative binomial distribution (SBGNBD) is defined and a recurrence relationship for the moments of SBGNBD is established. The Bayes’ estimator for a parametric function of one parameter when two other parameters of a known size-biased generalized negative binomial distribution is derived. Prior information on one parameter is given by a beta distribution and the parameters in the prior distribution are assigned by computer using Monte Carlo and R-software.

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Variance Estimation In Time Series Regression Models, Samir Safi Nov 2008

Variance Estimation In Time Series Regression Models, Samir Safi

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The effect of variance estimation of regression coefficients when disturbances are serially correlated in time series regression models is studied. Variance estimation enters into confidence interval estimation, hypotheses testing, spectrum estimation, and expressions for the estimated standard error of prediction. Using computer simulations, the robustness of various estimators, including Estimated Generalized Least Squares (EGLS) was considered. The estimates of variance of the coefficient estimators produced by computer packages were considered. Models were generated with a second order auto-correlated error structure, considering the robustness of estimators based upon misspecified order. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) (order zero) estimates outperformed first order EGLS. …

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Bootstrap Confidence Intervals And Coverage Probabilities Of Regression Parameter Estimates Using Trimmed Elemental Estimation, Matthew Hall, Matthew S. Mayo Nov 2008

Bootstrap Confidence Intervals And Coverage Probabilities Of Regression Parameter Estimates Using Trimmed Elemental Estimation, Matthew Hall, Matthew S. Mayo

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Mayo and Gray introduced the leverage residual-weighted elemental (LRWE) classification of regression estimators and a new method of estimation called trimmed elemental estimation (TEE), showing the efficiency and robustness of TEE point estimates. Using bootstrap methods, properties of various trimmed elemental estimator interval estimates to allow for inference are examined and estimates with ordinary least squares (OLS) and least sum of absolute values (LAV) are compared. Confidence intervals and coverage probabilities for the estimators using a variety of error distributions, sample sizes, and number of parameters are examined. To reduce computational intensity, randomly selecting elemental subsets to calculate the parameter …

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Robust Predictive Inference For Multivariate Linear Models With Elliptically Contoured Distribution Using Bayesian, Classical And Structural Approaches, B. M. Golam Kibria Nov 2008

Robust Predictive Inference For Multivariate Linear Models With Elliptically Contoured Distribution Using Bayesian, Classical And Structural Approaches, B. M. Golam Kibria

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Predictive distributions of future response and future regression matrices under multivariate elliptically contoured distributions are discussed. Under the elliptically contoured response assumptions, these are identical to those obtained under matric normal or matric-t errors using structural, Bayesian with improper prior, or classical approaches. This gives inference robustness with respect to departure from the reference case of independent sampling from the matric normal or matric t to multivariate elliptically contoured distributions. The importance of the predictive distribution for skewed elliptical models is indicated; the elliptically contoured distribution, as well as matric t distribution, have significant applications in statistical practices.

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Delete And Revise Procedures For Two-Stage Short-Run Control Charts, Matthew E. Elam Nov 2008

Delete And Revise Procedures For Two-Stage Short-Run Control Charts, Matthew E. Elam

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

This article investigates the effect different delete and revise procedures have on the performance of twostage short-run control charting methodology in the second stage of its two stage procedure. Five variables control chart combinations, six delete and revise procedures, and various out-of-control situations in both stages are considered.

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A Methodology To Improve Pci Use In Industry, Milind A. Phadnis, Matthew E. Elam Nov 2008

A Methodology To Improve Pci Use In Industry, Milind A. Phadnis, Matthew E. Elam

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

This article presents the development of a methodology using decision trees to resolve issues in industry with using process capability indices (PCIs). The methodology forms the structure of a prototype decision support system (PDSS) for PCI selection, calculation, and interpretation. Download instructions for the PDSS are available at http://program.20m.com.

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Construction Of Insurance Scoring System Using Regression Models, Noriszura Ismail, Abdul Aziz Jemain Nov 2008

Construction Of Insurance Scoring System Using Regression Models, Noriszura Ismail, Abdul Aziz Jemain

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

This study suggests the regression models of Lognormal, Normal and Gamma for constructing insurance scoring system. The main advantage of a scoring system is that it can be used by insurers to differentiate between high and low risks insureds, thus allowing the profitability of insureds to be predicted.

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The Multinomial Regression Modeling Of The Cause-Of-Death Mortality Of The Oldest Old In The U.S., Dudley L. Poston Jr., Hosik Min Nov 2008

The Multinomial Regression Modeling Of The Cause-Of-Death Mortality Of The Oldest Old In The U.S., Dudley L. Poston Jr., Hosik Min

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The statistical modeling of the causes of death of the oldest old (persons aged 80 and over) in the U.S. in 2001 was conducted in this article. Data were analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression model (MNLM) because multiple causes of death are coded on death certificates and the codes are nominal. The percentage distribution of the 10 major causes of death among the oldest old was first examined; we next estimated a multinomial logistic regression equation to predict the likelihood of elders dying of one of the causes of death compared to dying of an “other cause.” The independent …

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Frequency Domain Modeling With Piecewise Constant Spectra, Erhard Reschenhofer Nov 2008

Frequency Domain Modeling With Piecewise Constant Spectra, Erhard Reschenhofer

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Using piecewise constant functions as models for the spectral density of the differenced log real U.S. GDP it was found that these models have the capacity to compete with the spectral densities implied by ARMA models. According to AIC and BIC the piecewise constant spectral densities are superior to ARMA.

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Rural Life Census Data Center Newsletter: The U.S. Census Bureau And American Community Survey: Advantages, Uses, And Limitations, Trevor Brooks, Saileza Khatiwada, Joel Vargas, Michael Mccurry Nov 2008

Rural Life Census Data Center Newsletter: The U.S. Census Bureau And American Community Survey: Advantages, Uses, And Limitations, Trevor Brooks, Saileza Khatiwada, Joel Vargas, Michael Mccurry

Census Data Center Newsletter: 2007-2010

The U.S. Census Bureau is supported and funded by the U.S. government and is a widely used source for demographic data. Social, housing, and economic data can easily be obtained from the bureau’s website (www.census.gov). There is broad range of information presented (for example, data on age, sex, household structure, and/or income levels can be shown for any U.S. location [Edmonston and Schultze 1995]). The bureau provides data to the block level (Weeks 2005). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the block is the smallest geographical unit in which census data can be collected. Blocks usually correspond with city blocks …

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Corruption And Development In Nigeria: A Multidisciplanary Journal, Ozy B. Orluwene Jp Nov 2008

Corruption And Development In Nigeria: A Multidisciplanary Journal, Ozy B. Orluwene Jp

Dr Ozy B.Orluwene,JP

Abstract This paper offers a detail commentary on the state of corruption in Nigeria. It examined the phenomenon in its various dimensions. It posits that because of monstrous proportion it has assumed in Nigeria, it has hampered growth and development.

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Maternal Smoking, Misclassification, And Infant Health, Tanguy Brachet Nov 2008

Maternal Smoking, Misclassification, And Infant Health, Tanguy Brachet

Tanguy Brachet

Identifying the causal effect of prenatal maternal smoking on infant health is complicated by unobservable maternal characteristics and behaviors which are plausibly related to both birth outcomes and a mother’s propensity to smoke. Previous studies have addressed the omitted variables problem using instrumental variables (IV) techniques. However, with self-reported data on maternal smoking, misreporting can induce more severe biases in IV estimates than in OLS. This paper proposes an approach based on parametric methods for misclassified binary dependent variables that simultaneously addresses the endogeneity and measurement error problems. The relationship between infant health and maternal smoking is then re-examined using …

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Investing In A Better Job, Michael Sack Elmaleh Nov 2008

Investing In A Better Job, Michael Sack Elmaleh

Michael Sack Elmaleh

Investing time and money to attain "something" that allows a person to earn more in future wages is economically rational, if the present value of the additional future wages exceeds the present value of the investment cost in time and money to attain that "something". In our market economy, these attained "somethings" include college degrees, vocational and professional certifications, and equity ownership in small closely held businesses. Most small closely held businesses require the full time active management of the owner. Little or no free cash flow would be available to the investor if they chose to hire a non …

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Leading Firms As Knowledge Gatekeepers In A Networked Environment, Deogratias Harorimana Mr Nov 2008

Leading Firms As Knowledge Gatekeepers In A Networked Environment, Deogratias Harorimana Mr

Dr Deogratias Harorimana

This chapter introduces the role of the knowledge gatekeeper as a mechanism by which knowledge is created and transferred in a networked environment. Knowledge creation and transfer are essential for building a knowledge based economy. The chapter considers obstacles that inhibit this process and argues that leading firms create a shared socio-cultural context that enables the condivision of tacit meanings and codification of knowledge. Leading firms act as gatekeepers of knowledge through the creation of shared virtual platforms. There will be a leading firm that connects several networks of clients and suppliers may not interact directly with one another, but …

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The Un-Exceptionalism Of U.S. Exceptionalism, Sabrina Safrin Nov 2008

The Un-Exceptionalism Of U.S. Exceptionalism, Sabrina Safrin

Sabrina Safrin

This Article challenges the prevailing view that the United States acts exceptionally by examining the insufficiently considered legal exceptionalism of other countries. It puts U.S. Exceptionalism in perspective by identifying European exceptionalism as well as noting developing country exceptionalism, pointing to the exceptional rules sought by the European Union and by developing countries in numerous international agreements and institutions. It argues that most nations seek different international rules for themselves, or double-standards, when they perceive themselves to have an exceptional need. Indeed, in cases of exceptional need, numerous countries believe themselves entitled to exceptional legal accommodation and may even perceive …

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Entry Costs And Economies Of Scope In Multiproduct Firms' Decisions, Xosé-Luís Varela-Irimia Nov 2008

Entry Costs And Economies Of Scope In Multiproduct Firms' Decisions, Xosé-Luís Varela-Irimia

Xosé-Luís Varela-Irimia

This paper computes the scope economies associated to the commercialization of several product varieties by multiproduct firms, in a dynamic oligopoly setting. Goods are differentiated and firms decide on firm entry and exit, product entry and exit, quality and pricing. The model is applied to the Spanish automobile market. Results show moderate entry costs and substantial cost reductions when introducing a second product as compared to the first, indicating that multiproduct firms benefit from strong economies of scope when expanding their range of products. However, those economies disappear after five products have been introduced, suggesting a U-shaped curve for entry …

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Remapping A Nation Without States: Personalized Full Representation For California’S 21st Century, Mark Paul, Micah Weinberg Nov 2008

Remapping A Nation Without States: Personalized Full Representation For California’S 21st Century, Mark Paul, Micah Weinberg

Mark Paul

California is a state of many distinct regions. To give citizens a voice on regional issues and to reinvigorate California’s Legislature, the state’s central institution of self-government, we propose Personalized Full Representation for the 21st Century (PFR21), a system of representation by means of regionally based legislative elections that will allow the state’s citizens to set the agenda for their regions and for the state as a whole. By reshaping the stage on which legisla- tive politics is played out, California can make state govern- ment more attentive to regional issues and give its citizens a means of holding elected …

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Organismos Electorales Y Confianza En Las Elecciones En América Latina, Fernando Barrientos Del Monte Nov 2008

Organismos Electorales Y Confianza En Las Elecciones En América Latina, Fernando Barrientos Del Monte

Fernando Barrientos Del Monte

¿Qué factores explican la confianza hacia las elecciones? Ya sea en las democracias consolidadas como en aquellas en proceso de consolidación, el soporte político positivo hacia los procesos electorales es una condición sine qua non para el soporte político de otras instituciones y de la democracia en su conjunto. Para llevar a cabo procesos electorales eficaces, en las últimas décadas en América Latina se ha privilegiado la gestión electoral encomendada a órganos especializados. ¿En qué medida éstos órganos generan confianza de los partidos hacia las elecciones? ¿Qué otros factores relevantes están asociados con los niveles de confianza hacia las elecciones …

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Tivoed: The Effects Of Ad-Avoidance Technologies On Broadcaster Behaviour, Joshua S. Gans, Simon P. Anderson Nov 2008

Tivoed: The Effects Of Ad-Avoidance Technologies On Broadcaster Behaviour, Joshua S. Gans, Simon P. Anderson

Joshua S Gans

The business model of commercial (free-to-air) television relies on advertisers to pay for programming. Viewers ‘inadvertently’ watch advertisements that are bundled with programming. Advertisers have no reason to pay to have their ads embedded if the viewers succeed in unbundling the advertisements from the entertainment content (advertising bypass). TiVo (Digital Video Recorder) machines, remote controls, and pop-up ad blockers are all examples of ad-avoidance technologies whose deployment detracts from the willingness to pay of advertisers for audience since a smaller audience is actually exposed to the ads. However, viewer purchases of devices to avoid ads may cause a disproportionate share …

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A New Application Of Spatiotemporal Analysis For Detecting Demographic Variations In Aids Mortality: An Example From Florida, Yuwen Chiu, Chiehwen Ed Hsu Nov 2008

A New Application Of Spatiotemporal Analysis For Detecting Demographic Variations In Aids Mortality: An Example From Florida, Yuwen Chiu, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

The purpose of the present study was to characterize, geographically and temporally, the patterns of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) death disparity in 67 Florida jurisdictions, and to determine if the detected trends varied according to age, race, and sex. The space-time scan statistic proposed by Kulldorff et al was used to examine the excess AIDS deaths that occurred between 1987 and 2004. Results were geographically referenced in maps using EpiInfo and EpiMap made available by the Centers for Disease Control. Miami-Dade and the nearby counties including Broward, Martin, and Palm Beach are the most likely clusters (observed/expected: 1505.16) with …

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Partnerships And The Fiscal Implications Of Planning And Development: A Case Study Of Maynard, Massachusetts, John Mullin, Zenia Kotval, Zeenat Karamchandani Nov 2008

Partnerships And The Fiscal Implications Of Planning And Development: A Case Study Of Maynard, Massachusetts, John Mullin, Zenia Kotval, Zeenat Karamchandani

John R. Mullin

Redevelopment of urban sites is an ongoing concern for many communities in the industrial Northeast United States. While many mill sites still languish, examples of successful revitalization can be found. Most of these efforts require more than market conditions to make them viable. Partnerships between developers and the community and state are seen to be crucial. These public-private partnerships come in many forms, not always monetary. The detail and effectiveness of these partnerships often depend on the experience and expertise of developers and community professionals. Given that many of these communities have limited staff, agreements are often made quickly with …

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The Impact Of Kin And Fictive Kin Relationships On The Mental Of Black Adult Children Of Alcoholics, J. Camille Hall Nov 2008

The Impact Of Kin And Fictive Kin Relationships On The Mental Of Black Adult Children Of Alcoholics, J. Camille Hall

J. Camille Hall, PhD., LCSW

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine how kin and fictive kinship relationships help to ameliorate or buffer responses to parental alcoholism and the breakdown in parenting. This qualitative study investigated coping responses developed by college students, who selfidentified as adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs) who lived with an alcoholic parent or caregiver. In-depth interviews and follow-up participant checks were used. A descriptive model was developed describing conditions that affected the development of positive self-esteem, the phenomena that arose from those conditions, the context that influenced strategy development, the intervening conditions that influenced strategy development, and the consequences …

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Local Chef Inspires Healthy And Economical Cooking -- In A Flash, Madeleine K. Charney Nov 2008

Local Chef Inspires Healthy And Economical Cooking -- In A Flash, Madeleine K. Charney

Madeleine K. Charney

Local chef, Leslie Cerier, offers thought-provoking workshops about eating whole foods.

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Aristotle's Difficult Relationship With Modern Economic Theory, Spencer J. Pack Nov 2008

Aristotle's Difficult Relationship With Modern Economic Theory, Spencer J. Pack

Economics Faculty Publications

This paper reviews Aristotle's problematic relationship with modern economic theory. It argues that in terms of value and income distribution theory, Aristotle should probably be seen as a precursor to neither classical nor neoclassical economic thought. Indeed, there are strong arguments to be made that Aristotle's views are completely at odds with all modern economic theory, since, among other things, he was not necessarily concerned with flexible market prices, opposed the use of money to acquire more money, and did not think that the unintended consequences of human activity were generally beneficial. The paper argues however, that this interpretation goes …

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