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2008

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Articles 15121 - 15150 of 15256

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Big Payoff? Educational And Occupational Attainments Of Ethnic Minorities In Beijing, Reza Hasmath Dec 2007

The Big Payoff? Educational And Occupational Attainments Of Ethnic Minorities In Beijing, Reza Hasmath

Reza Hasmath

Ethnic minority development in Beijing has been marred by deep-seated historical experiences of strained ethnic relations. In spite of this situation, this article demonstrates that ethnic minorities in the capital city have achieved greater educational attainments than the dominant, Han group. Yet, when it comes to their occupational outcomes in high-wage, education-intensive (HWEI) sectors, minorities seemingly pay an ‘ethnic penalty’. That is, the Han demographic are disproportionately represented in HWEI occupational sectors. Building upon previous evidence, this article discusses this discrepancy and offers suggestions for improvement. [Winner of the European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes’ Research Prize for …


Ngos In China: Issues Of Good Governance And Accountability, Reza Hasmath, Jennifer Yj Hsu Dec 2007

Ngos In China: Issues Of Good Governance And Accountability, Reza Hasmath, Jennifer Yj Hsu

Reza Hasmath

Drawing on interviews conducted among leading local and international NGOs operating in China, this article examines how NGOs understand and implement good governance and accountability principles and practices. It also examines how Chinese constituents and the general public perceive local and international NGOs. The discussion provides a basis on which to assess ways of improving governance and accountability practices for NGOs operating in China.


对中国公民社会组织良好治理的研, Reza Hasmath, Jennifer Yj Hsu Dec 2007

对中国公民社会组织良好治理的研, Reza Hasmath, Jennifer Yj Hsu

Reza Hasmath

本文研究中国公民社会组织(CSOs)在良好治理方面的作为,比 如在诚信和透明方面的表现。通过对主要的国际及国内公民社会组织的访问,本文将关注中国的公民社会组织是如何理解和实施良好的治理的.此外,本文还将关注中国的乡官人群和公众是如何看待在中国工作的国际和国内公民社会组织.最后,将通过以上方面的研究为中国公民社会组织在未来实现良好治理提出建议.


Telecommunications In South-East Europe: Operators, Reforms And Outcomes, Ewan Sutherland Dec 2007

Telecommunications In South-East Europe: Operators, Reforms And Outcomes, Ewan Sutherland

Ewan Sutherland

This paper sets out the policy frameworks adopted by governments in South East Europe to address the deficit of access networks and thus boost economic development. The responses by large European operators to the opportunities are then explained and analysed. The effects of the policies and the operator responses are then discussed. Finally, conclusions for policy makers and for researchers are drawn.


Counting Cellphones, Ewan Sutherland Dec 2007

Counting Cellphones, Ewan Sutherland

Ewan Sutherland

An description of the reasons for having multiple cellphones and wireless numbers. An analysis of statistics on ownership levels in the European Union and some other countries, including South Africa. Concluding that the discrepancies point to overstatement of customer numbers globally.


Predicting Human Brain Activity Associated With The Meanings Of Nouns, Tom M. Mitchell, Svetlana V. Shinkareva, Andrew Carlson, Kai-Min Chang, Vicente L. Malave, Robert A. Mason, Marcel Adam Just Dec 2007

Predicting Human Brain Activity Associated With The Meanings Of Nouns, Tom M. Mitchell, Svetlana V. Shinkareva, Andrew Carlson, Kai-Min Chang, Vicente L. Malave, Robert A. Mason, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.


Collaboration For Cultural Programming: Engaging Culture Centers, Multicultural Affairs, And Student Activities Offices As Partners, Lori D. Patton, Michael D. Hannon Dec 2007

Collaboration For Cultural Programming: Engaging Culture Centers, Multicultural Affairs, And Student Activities Offices As Partners, Lori D. Patton, Michael D. Hannon

Lori Patton Davis

No abstract provided.


Exploring Complexities Of Multiple Identities Of Lesbians In A Black College Environment, Lori Patton Davis, Symone Simmons Dec 2007

Exploring Complexities Of Multiple Identities Of Lesbians In A Black College Environment, Lori Patton Davis, Symone Simmons

Lori Patton Davis

Experiences of first year female Black students who self-identified themselves as lesbian and attended a historically Black university are examined. A reconceptualized Model of Multiple Dimensions of Identity and the Multidimensional Identity Model were used to establish the framework for this study. Overall the study provided a current identity status for participants which included race, gender, and sexual orientation. Results from semi-structured interviews revealed three themes related to how participants made sense of their identity internally and in relation to external expectations and influences.


Learning Through Crisis: The Educator's Role, Lori Patton Davis Dec 2007

Learning Through Crisis: The Educator's Role, Lori Patton Davis

Lori Patton Davis

Opportunities for learning offered by natural disasters and human-caused tragedies can bring something useful to events steeped in pain, grief, and confusion.


Communications/Excommunications: An Interview With Armand Mattelart, Costas M. Constantinou Dec 2007

Communications/Excommunications: An Interview With Armand Mattelart, Costas M. Constantinou

Costas M. Constantinou

Rethinking media and communications


International Relations And The Challenges Of Global Communication, Costas M. Constantinou, Oilver Richmond, Alison Watson Dec 2007

International Relations And The Challenges Of Global Communication, Costas M. Constantinou, Oilver Richmond, Alison Watson

Costas M. Constantinou

Rethinking the politics of global communication


On The Cypriot States Of Exception, Costas M. Constantinou Dec 2007

On The Cypriot States Of Exception, Costas M. Constantinou

Costas M. Constantinou

This article explores the politics of exceptionality in Cyprus. It focuses
on the postcolonial constriction of Cypriot statehood—the framing of
the sovereign itself as an exception—and how the emerging discourse
of exceptionality unfolded a spiral of states of exception on the ground.
Looking in and across a variety of Cypriot sites and regimes (north,
south, sovereign base areas and buffer zone) the article examines what
claims of exceptionality legitimate in political and everyday life as well
as their ironic and paradoxical effects. Finally, it looks at how the
Cyprus case informs debates on current theorizations of exceptionalism.


Comparative Evaluation Of Fisheries Policies In Denmark, Iceland And Norway: Multispecies And Stochatic Issues, Sveinn Agnarsson, Ragnar Arnason, Karen Johannsdottir, Lars Ravn-Jonsen, Leif K. Sandal, Stein I. Steinshamn, Niels Vestergaard Dec 2007

Comparative Evaluation Of Fisheries Policies In Denmark, Iceland And Norway: Multispecies And Stochatic Issues, Sveinn Agnarsson, Ragnar Arnason, Karen Johannsdottir, Lars Ravn-Jonsen, Leif K. Sandal, Stein I. Steinshamn, Niels Vestergaard

Niels Vestergaard

The aim of the project has been twofold: 1) to quantify the stochastic process producing this uncertainty for certain important fish stocks and 2) to further develop a method for determining optimal harvest quotas within the framework of a multi-species model, and, by this, implement the model in practice for the purpose of performing a comparative study of the fisheries in three Nordic countries: Denmark, Iceland and Norway. The harvesting (total allowable catch) policies for the cod and cap-elin/herring fisheries in these countries are compared. Indicators for stock overexploitation and harvest overexploitation are developed.


Introducing Learning Commons Functionality Into A Traditional Reference Setting, Jeffrey A. Franks Dec 2007

Introducing Learning Commons Functionality Into A Traditional Reference Setting, Jeffrey A. Franks

Jeffrey A Franks

For the past decade the University Libraries at The University of Akron has been modifying and enhancing its services in response to changing technologies and user needs, as well as evolving campus strategies. Library efforts centered on service excellence and student success have played a leading role in the inclusion of a planned learning commons as one of the key strategic initiatives of the University. At this time the learning commons concept has been fully developed, while the proposed building renovation plan is underway. The Library, however, is utilizing key opportunities in the present to integrate learning commons functionality into …


Emerging Problems In Knowledge-Sharing And The Three New Ethics Of Knowledge Transfer, Mikhail Koulikov Dec 2007

Emerging Problems In Knowledge-Sharing And The Three New Ethics Of Knowledge Transfer, Mikhail Koulikov

Mikhail Koulikov

No abstract provided.


International Approaches To Library User Fees And Fee-Based Services: An Evaluation Of Three Recent Studies, Mikhail Koulikov Dec 2007

International Approaches To Library User Fees And Fee-Based Services: An Evaluation Of Three Recent Studies, Mikhail Koulikov

Mikhail Koulikov

No abstract provided.


Chapter 15: Other Ethnic Groups. The International Law Of Indigenous Peoples. Global Human Rights, Wolfgang Fikentscher Dec 2007

Chapter 15: Other Ethnic Groups. The International Law Of Indigenous Peoples. Global Human Rights, Wolfgang Fikentscher

Wolfgang Fikentscher

Inclusive online updates jan10. “Native American “(Indian) law is the only law of one ethnic group considered at some detail in this book. Other tribes and nations cannot be dealt with here. A complete system of ethnologies would be desirable but nobody in the world can present in-depth studies of a larger number of ethnic groups. Chapter 15 offers suggetions on how to research other ethnic groups, with a summary on recent international law of indigenous peoples and a survey of the discussions concerning worldwide human rights.


Chapter 05 : Theories Of Culture And Cultures, Wolfgang Fikentscher Dec 2007

Chapter 05 : Theories Of Culture And Cultures, Wolfgang Fikentscher

Wolfgang Fikentscher

Inclusive online updates jan10. Chapter 5 on the attributes of culture and cultures is structured according to the influence of the axial age. The term has already been mentioned in Chapter 1 II. 4. and Chapter 3 III, IX. 2., above.What does axial age mean, and how is it related to other theories of cultural development? A new approach is offered as to the role of time concepts for the distinctions between cultures. By sketching circles of cultures (in particular the modes of thought that shape cultures) some modern issues find discussion, for example the question of whether in view …


3. National Association Of Counsel For Children And American Professional Society On The Abuse Of Children In Support Of Respondent, Giles V. California., Thomas D. Lyon Dec 2007

3. National Association Of Counsel For Children And American Professional Society On The Abuse Of Children In Support Of Respondent, Giles V. California., Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

No abstract provided.


8. The Supreme Court, Hearsay, And Crawford: Implications For Child Interviewers., Thomas D. Lyon Dec 2007

8. The Supreme Court, Hearsay, And Crawford: Implications For Child Interviewers., Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

We are entering the golden age of child interviewing. After years of research emphasizing how children's statements may be corrupted by coercive questioning practices, a number of researchers have shifted their focus toward finding means of increasing the accuracy and completeness of children's reports. Interviewers can now refer to a body of research identifYing good interview practice (Lamb, Hershkowitz, Orbach, & Esplin, 2008).


15. Truth Induction In Young Maltreated Children: The Effects Of Oath-Taking And Reassurance On True And False Disclosures., Thomas D. Lyon, Joyce R. Dorado Dec 2007

15. Truth Induction In Young Maltreated Children: The Effects Of Oath-Taking And Reassurance On True And False Disclosures., Thomas D. Lyon, Joyce R. Dorado

Thomas D. Lyon


Objective: Two studies examined the effects of the oath or reassurance (“truth induction”) on 5- to 7-year-old maltreated children’s true and false reports of a minor transgression.
Methods: In both studies an interviewer elicited a promise to tell the truth, reassured children that they would not get in trouble for disclosing the transgression, or gave no instructions before questioning the child. In Study 1, children were encouraged to play with an attractive toy by a confederate, who then informed them that they might get in trouble for playing. In Study 2, a confederate engaged children in play, but did not …


Excerpt From Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy And Power In American Culture (Revised And Updated Edition), Mark Fenster Dec 2007

Excerpt From Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy And Power In American Culture (Revised And Updated Edition), Mark Fenster

Mark Fenster

This is the introduction to the revised and updated edition of Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American Culture (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, forthcoming 2008). The book challenges the dominant academic and popular approach to conspiracy theories, which views them as a paranoid, extremist expression of marginal groups and individuals that pathologically challenges the basic assumptions of American history and the pluralistic political system of the United States. The book is premised on the contrary proposition that the prevalence of conspiracy theories is neither necessarily pernicious nor external to American politics and culture but instead an integral aspect of …


Institutions, Anomie, And Violent Crime: Clarifying And Elaborating Institutional-Anomie Theory, Richard Rosenfeld, Steven F. Messner Dec 2007

Institutions, Anomie, And Violent Crime: Clarifying And Elaborating Institutional-Anomie Theory, Richard Rosenfeld, Steven F. Messner

Richard Rosenfeld

A limited but accumulating body of research and theoretical commentary offers support for core claims of the “institutional-anomie theory” of crime (IAT) and points to areas needing further development. In this paper, which focuses on violent crime, we clarify the concept of social institutions, elaborate the cultural component of IAT, derive implications for individual behavior, summarize empirical applications, and propose directions for future research. Drawing on Talcott Parsons, we distinguish the “subjective” and “objective” dimensions of institutional dynamics and discuss their interrelationship. We elaborate on the theory’s cultural component with reference to Durkheim’s distinction between “moral” and “egoistic” individualism and …


Political Globalisation And Citizenship: New Sources Of Security Threats In Africa, Shola J. Omotola Dec 2007

Political Globalisation And Citizenship: New Sources Of Security Threats In Africa, Shola J. Omotola

Shola J. Omotola Mr

This article analyses the interface between political globalization, citizenship and security threats in Africa. Political globalization is assumed to be capable of engendering inclusive citizenship; in the same way, citizenship is considered to be central to the national question in Africa. It is around citizenship that most issues of human rights revolve, both at individual and group levels. The article argues that political globalization in Africa tends to limit the meaning, essence and substance of citizenship, even if the latter is defined from a minimalist perspective of duties-rights relationships. The marginalization and/or exclusionary politics engendered by political globalization, especially for …


Audacity: Seeing Is Believing, Robert A. Eckhart Dec 2007

Audacity: Seeing Is Believing, Robert A. Eckhart

Robert A. Eckhart

Audacity is a powerful--and free--software which is very useful for teaching pronunciation, because it allows student to actually see their speech. Instead of using their ears to recognize distinctions in speech patterns, they use their eyes.


Better A Small Fish: For The Poor Of Bangladesh, Women's Rights Are A Practical Matter, Indrani Sen Dec 2007

Better A Small Fish: For The Poor Of Bangladesh, Women's Rights Are A Practical Matter, Indrani Sen

Indrani Sen

No abstract provided.


Optimal Collusion Under Cost Asymmetry, Jeanine Miklos-Thal Dec 2007

Optimal Collusion Under Cost Asymmetry, Jeanine Miklos-Thal

Jeanine Miklos-Thal

Cost asymmetry is generally thought to hinder collusion because a more effcient firm has both more to gain from a deviation and less to fear from retaliation than less efficient firms. Our paper reexamines this conventional wisdom and characterizes optimal collusion without any prior restriction on the class of strategies. We first stress that firms can credibly agree on retaliation schemes that maximally punish even the most efficient firm. This implies that whenever collusion is sustainable under cost symmetry, some collusion is also sustainable under cost asymmetry; effcient collusion, however, remains more difficult to sustain when costs are asymmetric. Finally, …


Not Just A Business Transaction: The Logic And Limits Of Grandparental Childcare Assistance In Taiwan, Shirley Hsiao-Li Sun Dec 2007

Not Just A Business Transaction: The Logic And Limits Of Grandparental Childcare Assistance In Taiwan, Shirley Hsiao-Li Sun

Shirley SUN

How does the presence of grandparents in the household impact the gendered division of childcare responsibilities between spouses? How does it compare with market-based care? Drawing on in-depth interview data, this study finds that Taiwanese grandparents treat childcare assistance as their moral responsibility. Mothers express more appreciation for assistance from their own mothers than their mothers-in-law. Fathers appreciate the role of both their parents and their in-laws. The analysis suggests that the character of intergenerational relations is one of the factors mediating the degree to which married women's entrnace into the paid labour force results in the perceived childcare deficit.


The Dialogic Emergence Of 'Truth' In Politics: Reproduction And Subversion Of The 'War On Terror' Discourse, Adam Hodges Dec 2007

The Dialogic Emergence Of 'Truth' In Politics: Reproduction And Subversion Of The 'War On Terror' Discourse, Adam Hodges

Adam Hodges

Truth claims in political discourse are implicated in a dialogic process whereby political actors "assimilate, rework, and re-accentuate" prior discourse (Bakhtin 1986:89). While political actors themselves may view truth as an object to be discovered, I argue that discourse analysts are best served by viewing truth as an emergent property of this dialogic process. In this paper, I examine how intertextual connections are integral to both the reproduction and subversion of established truth claims (such as the claim that Saddam Hussein possessed weapons of mass destruction). My data draw from George W. Bush's speech on May 1, 2003 to declare …


The Politics Of Recontextualization: Discursive Competition Over Claims Of Iranian Involvement In Iraq, Adam Hodges Dec 2007

The Politics Of Recontextualization: Discursive Competition Over Claims Of Iranian Involvement In Iraq, Adam Hodges

Adam Hodges

The representation of issues, especially those that are highly contested or ambiguous, is an ongoing process always subject to challenge and new re-presentations. This article explores the discursive competition between journalists and White House officials over the recontextualization of words spoken by General Peter Pace, which seemingly cast doubt on White House claims of Iranian involvement in Iraq. Pace's words, along with those spoken by White House Press Secretary Tony Snow and President George W. Bush in their appearances before the press, enter into a web of intertextual connections involved in the contestation over the `truth' of the matter. The …