Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Translating Neuropsychological Evaluations For Educational Service Plans, Susan Davies, T. Sullivan

Susan C. Davies

No abstract provided.

The George W. Bush Legacy, Caroline Heldman

Caroline Heldman

Book review of The George W. Bush Legacy. Bush will be known for his ideological polarization of the political parties, his expansion of presidential power, and his appointment of a more conservative federal judiciary. The 2006 election was a major turning point for the White House in terms of public opinion and the loss of a Republican majority in Congress, and only time will tell whether the last two years will shift the direction of the Bush legacy.

A Climate Of Trust: Perceptions Of Legitimate Authority In A Volunteer Computing Project, Peter Darch, Annamaria Carusi, Marina Jirotka

Peter Darch

Volunteer computing projects are computationally-intensive scientific research projects which seek to meet their need for data processing capacity by asking members of the public to download and process project data on their personal computers. This paper presents findings from a study of the interactions in an online forum of participants in such a project, climateprediction.net. It focuses upon the beliefs of one group of participants, who have been identified as particularly critical to the success of volunteer computing projects, about the organizational policies of climateprediction.net and what are appropriate and inappropriate ways for other participants to behave in the forums.

Empowering The Public Health Service, Louis Graham

Louis F Graham

Critical Thinking As Disciplinary Practice, Stephen Yanchar, Brent Slife, Russell Warne

Russell T Warne

Critical thinking in psychology has traditionally focused on method-centered tasks such as the assessment of method use, data analysis, and research evidence. Although helpful in some ways, this form of critical thinking fails to provide resources for critically examining the scientific analytic foundation on which it rests and, when used exclusively, prohibits sufficiently critical analysis of theory and research. An alternative view of critical thinking--that emphasizes the identification and evaluation of implicit theoretical assumptions--is advocated. It is suggested that this alternative approach improves on method-centered approaches by addressing not only implicit assumptions but also rule-following concerns. This approach is intended …

Barbarians At The Gate Or Liberators In Disguise? Journalists, Users And A Changing Media World, Jane Singer

Jane B. Singer

No abstract provided.

The Adequacy Of Economic Resources In Retirement, Michael Hurd, Susann Rohwedder

Susann Rohwedder

The most common metric for assessing the adequacy of economic preparation for retirement is the income replacement rate, the ratio of income after retirement to income before retirement. However both economic theory and common sense say that someone is adequately prepared if she is able to maintain her level of economic well-being, which is not the same as maintaining her level of income or some fixed proportion of income. Economic well-being is typically measured by consumption, which is the measure we use. We define and estimate measures of economic preparation for retirement based on a complete inventory of economic resources, …

The Relation Between Essentialist Beliefs And Evolutionary Reasoning, Andrew Shtulman, Laura Schulz

Andrew Shtulman

Historians of science have pointed to essentialist beliefs about species as major impediments to the discovery of natural selection. The present study investigated whether such beliefs are impediments to learning this concept as well. Participants (43 children aged 4–9 and 34 adults) were asked to judge the variability of various behavioral and anatomical properties across different members of the same species. Adults who accepted within-species variation—both actual and potential—were significantly more likely to demonstrate a selection-based understanding of evolution than adults who denied within-species variation. The latter demonstrated an alternative, incorrect understanding of evolution and produced response patterns that were …

Individuals’ Responses To Social Security Reform, Adeline Delavande, Susann Rohwedder

Susann Rohwedder

The Social Security trust fund is predicted to be depleted by 2041. While there are several viable reform proposals to restore long-term solvency of the Social Security system, one important element that is critical to the success of any reform remains unknown: how will individuals respond to, for example, a cut of their Social Security benefits. Will they work longer or save more or both, and to what extent will their response make up for the cut in benefits? In this paper we use data from the HRS Internet Survey where we asked respondents directly what they would do if …

A Community Of Writers: Developing Competence, Confidence And Commitment In New Graduate Students, Christine Yalda, William Crawley, Lisa Dopke

Christine A. Yalda

No abstract provided.

Preferential Acquisition Not Attachment In The Development Of Children’S Semantic Networks, Thomas Hills, Mounir Maouene, Josita Maouene, Adam Sheya, Linda Smith

Josita C Maouene

No abstract provided.

Chief Legislators And Pet Projects, Donna Hoffman, Alison Howard

Alison Dana Howard

Selective Breeding For Differential Saccharin Intake As An Animal Model Of Drug Abuse., M. E. Carroll, A. D. Morgan, J. J. Anker, J. L. Perry, Nancy K. Dess

Nancy K Dess

A positive relationship between the consumption of sweetened dietary substances (e.g. saccharin and sucrose) and drug abuse has been reported in both the human and other animal literature. The proposed genetic contribution to this relationship has been based on evidence from behavioral, neurobiological, and linkage studies in heterogeneous and homogeneous animal populations. Initial work in several laboratories indicated that rodents that are selected for high alcohol consumption also display an increased preference for sweets compared with low alcohol-consuming animals. More recently, Sprague-Dawley rats have been selectively bred based on high saccharin (HiS) or low saccharin (LoS) consumption, and these lines …

Hellenisms (Iii), "Reel" Hellenisms: Perceptions Of Greece In Greek Cinema (Ch. 12), Katerina Zacharia

Katerina Zacharia

No abstract provided.

Religion In Urban America Program Chicago Conversations, Elfriede Wedam Phd

Elfriede Wedam

No abstract provided.

Hellenisms (Ii), Herodotus' Four Markers Of Greek Identity (Ch. 1), Katerina Zacharia

Katerina Zacharia

No abstract provided.

Hellenisms (I), Introduction, Katerina Zacharia

Katerina Zacharia

No abstract provided.

The Utility Of The Individual Reading Evaluation And Diagnostic Reading Inventory, A Specific Reading Skills Assessment, For Treatment Design And Implementation, Andrew J. Koerner

Andrew J Koerner

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the Individualized Reading Evaluation and Diagnosis (iRead) Inventory for accurately assessing specific decoding sub-skill weaknesses and for informing the development of targeted interventions to improve the reading abilities of students. The iRead Inventory is a curriculum-based, specific skills mastery measurement tool for assessing specific decoding weaknesses. Students read word lists targeted to specific vowel combinations to determine weaknesses with particular combinations. The study assessed whether the iRead Inventory could distinguish specific decoding sub-skill weaknesses for students and whether the iRead Inventory was effective in supporting the development of interventions to improve …

Mumbai And Malgudi: Cooperate On Sezs To Bring Prosperity To All., Shyam Sunder

Shyam Sunder

No abstract provided.

A Clash Of Cultures: The Integration Of User-Generated Content Within Professional Journalistic Frameworks At British Newspaper Websites, Alfred Hermida, Neil J. Thurman

Neil Thurman

This study examines how national UK newspaper websites are integrating user-generated content (UGC). A survey quantifying the adoption of UGC by mainstream news organisations showed a dramatic increase in the opportunities for contributions from readers. In-depth interviews with senior news executives revealed this expansion is taking place despite residual doubts about the editorial and commercial value of material from the public. The study identified a shift towards the use of moderation due to editors' persistent concerns about reputation, trust, and legal liabilities, indicating that UK newspaper websites are adopting a traditional gate-keeping role towards UGC. The findings suggest a gate-keeping …

Energy Tax Incentives And The Alternative Minimum Tax, Curtis Carlson, Gilbert E. Metcalf

Gilbert E. Metcalf

We take a first look at limitations on the use of energy-related tax credits contained in the General Business Credit (GBC) due to limitations within the regular corporate income tax as well as the AMT. Between 2000 and 2005, firms were unable to use all energy-related tax credits due to GBC limitations in the regular tax. The AMT has a smaller but still pronounced impact on the ability of firms to use these credits. Finally we provide some illustrative calculations to demonstrate how the AMT can lead to very different levelized costs of producing electricity from a wind power project.

Do Borrowers Know Their Mortgage Terms?, Brian K. Bucks, Karen M. Pence

Karen M. Pence

We assess whether borrowers know their mortgage terms by comparing the distributions of these variables in the household-reported Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) to the distributions in lender-reported data. We also examine the characteristics of SCF respondents who report not knowing these contract terms. Although most borrowers seem to know basic mortgage terms, borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgages appear likely to underestimate or to not know how much their interest rates could change. Borrowers who could experience large payment changes if interest rates rose are more likely to report not knowing these contract terms. Difficulties with gathering and processing information appear …

Framing The Choice Between Cash And Courthouse: Experiences With The 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund, Gillian K. Hadfield

Gillian K Hadfield

In this paper I report the results of a quantitative and qualitative empirical study of how those who were injured or lost a family member in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks evaluated the tradeoff between a cash payment--available through the Victim Compensation Fund--and the pursuit of litigation. Responses make it clear that potential plaintiffs saw much more at stake than monetary compensation and that the choice to forego litigation required the sacrifice of important non-monetary, civic, values: obtaining and publicizing information about what happened, prompting public findings of accountability for those responsible, and participating in the process of ensuring …

Flavor Formation And Character In Cocoa And Chocolate: A Critical Review, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistaiar Paterson, Mark Fowler, Angela Ryan

Professor Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa

Chocolate characters not only originate in flavor precursors present in cocoa beans, but are generated during post-harvest treatments and transformed into desirable odor notes in the manufacturing processes. Complex biochemical modifications of bean constituents are further altered by thermal reactions in roasting and conching and in alkalization. However the extent to which the inherent bean constituents from the cocoa genotype, environmental factors, post-harvest treatment and processing technologies influence chocolate flavor formation and relationships with final flavor quality, has not been clear. With increasing speciality niche products in chocolate confectionery, greater understanding of factors contributing to variations in flavor character would …

Providing Faculty Ipods To Explore Innovative Teaching And Learning, Jace Hargis, Scott A. Jensen, Carolynn S. Kohn, Matthew P. Normand, Deborah Schooler

Matthew Normand

Strong Civil Society As A Double-Edged Sword: Siting Trailers In Post-Katrina New Orleans, Daniel P. Aldrich, Kevin Crook

Daniel P Aldrich

To meet the dire need for housing created by the devastation of Hurricane Katrina in August 2005, Mayor Ray Nagin of New Orleans and the staff of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) worked to create lists of potential sites for trailer parks. This procedure took place within an environment of Not In My Back Yard-ism, or NIMBYism, where a number of communities and individuals expressed their opposition to hosting such trailer sites both publicly and privately. We analyze the final list of city-approved sites to track which factors were correlated with larger (or smaller) numbers of trailers and trailer …

Applying Regret Theory To Investment Choices: Currency Hedging Decisions☆, Sébastien Michenaud, Bruno Solnik

Sébastien Michenaud

Perceptions Of The 2007 International Symposium On Society And Resource Management Student Forum, Noel Healy

Noel Healy

Relative Sensitivity Of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy And Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging To Cognitive Function Among Nondemented Individuals Infected With Hiv, Robert H. Paul, Thomas M. Ernst, Adam M. Brickman, Constantin T. Yiannoutsos, David F. Tate, Ronald A. Cohen, Bradford A. Navia

Robert Paul

Foreign Exchange Intervention And Central Bank Independence: The Latin American Experience, Mauricio Nunes, Sergio Da Silva

Sergio Da Silva

Employing data from 13 Latin American countries, we find that greater central bank independence is associated with lesser intervention in the foreign exchange market, and also with leaning-against-the-wind intervention. We also find that the structural reforms that occurred in Latin America mostly in the 1990s helped to reduce the need for foreign exchange intervention.