Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Equilibrium States And Growth Of Quasi-Lattice Ordered Monoids, Christopher M. Bruce, Marcelo Laca, Jacqui Ramagge, Aidan Sims

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Each multiplicative real-valued homomorphism on a quasi-lattice ordered monoid gives rise to a quasi-periodic dynamics on the associated Toeplitz $ C^*$-algebra; here we study the KMS equilibrium states of the resulting $ C^*$-dynamical system. We show that under a nondegeneracy assumption on the homomorphism there is a critical inverse temperature $ \beta _c$ such that at each inverse temperature $ \beta \geq \beta _c$ there exists a unique KMS state. Strictly above $ \beta _c$, the KMS states are generalised Gibbs states with density operators determined by analytic extension to the upper half-plane of the unitaries implementing the dynamics. These …

Gpr Target Detection By Joint Sparse And Low-Rank Matrix Decomposition, Fok Hing Chi Tivive, Abdesselam Bouzerdoum, Canicious Abeynayake

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) uses electromagnetic waves to image, locate, and identify changes in electric and magnetic properties in the ground. The received signal comprises not only the target echoes but also strong reflections from the rough, uneven ground surface, which impair subsurface inspections and visualization of buried objects. In this paper, a background clutter mitigation and target detection method using low-rank and sparse priors is proposed for GPR data. The radar signal is decomposed into the sum of a low-rank component and a sparse component, plus noise. The low-rank component captures the ground surface reflections and background clutter, whereas …

Gvm Based Copy-Dynamics Model For Electricity Load Forecast, Binbin Yong, Liang Huang, Fucun Li, Jun Shen, Xin Wang, Qingguo Zhou

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Electricity load forecast, as the core of electricity scheduling, plays a vital role in meeting the basic needs of modern human life. It has been widely studied in the past few decades. However, literature studies have shown that, as a problem of time series forecast, electricity forecast is prone to be influenced by many environmental factors, which result in lacking accuracy and stability in practice. In this paper, the General Vector Machine (GVM), a new type learning machine which was derived from Neural Network (NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), is applied into electricity load forecast. Meanwhile, copy-dynamics idea is …

Efficient Fixed-Base Exponentiation And Scalar Multiplication Based On A Multiplicative Splitting Exponent Recoding, Jean-Marc Robert, Christophe Negre, Thomas Plantard

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Digital signature algorithm (DSA) (resp. ECDSA) involves modular exponentiation (resp. scalar multiplication) of a public and known base by a random one-time exponent. In order to speed up this operation, well-known methods take advantage of the memorization of base powers (resp. base multiples). Best approaches are the Fixed-base radix-R method and the Fixed-base Comb method. In this paper, we present a new approach for storage/online computation trade-off, by using a multiplicative splitting of the digits of the exponent radix-R representation. We adapt classical algorithms for modular exponentiation and scalar multiplication in order to take advantage of the proposed exponent recoding. …

A Monte Carlo Study On The Feasibility Of Real-Time In Vivo Source Tracking During Ultrasound Based Hdr Prostate Brachytherapy Treatments, Joel Poder, Dean L. Cutajar, Susanna Guatelli, Marco Petasecca, Andrew Howie, Joseph A. Bucci, Mauro Carrara, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Purpose

This study aims to assess the accuracy of in-vivo source tracking during real-time trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) based high dose rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy (pBT) through Monte Carlo simulations of multiple HDR pBT treatments with a two-dimensional (2D) diode array, the Magic Plate 900 (MP900), embedded below the patient in a carbon-fibre couch.

Method

Monte Carlo simulations of source positions representing three separate real-time TRUS based HDR pBT treatments were performed using the Geant4 toolkit. For each source position, an Ir-192 source was simulated inside a voxelized patient geometry. Dose deposited from each source position to the MP900 diodes was …

Chemical Clogging Of Granular Media Under Acidic Groundwater Conditions-Experimental Simulation, Buddhima Indraratna, Subhani Kanchanama Medawela, Senura Athuraliya, Ana Heitor, Pankaj Baral

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Generation of acidic groundwater attributed to pyrite oxidation in low-lying acid sulfate soil causes substantial damage to the soil-water environment and civil infrastructure. The installation of Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) is a frontier technology in the field of acid neutralisation and for removing toxic heavy metal cations, e.g. soluble Fe and Al. This study aims to assess the potential of limestone (calcite) aggregates as the PRB's main reactive material in low-lying pyritic land. During long-term laboratory column experiments, a significant capacity of limestone for removing the contaminant chemical species was observed. Nevertheless, the formation of secondary mineral precipitates upon geochemical …

New Technique For Strengthening Squarereinforced Concrete Columns By The Circularisation With Reactive Powder Concrete And Wrapping With Fibre-Reinforced Polymer, Atheer Hilal Mahdi Al - Gburi, M Neaz Sheikh, Muhammad N. S Hadi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This paper presents a new strengthening technique for square-reinforced concrete (RC) columns by circularisation with reactive powder concrete (RPC) and wrapping with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP). RC column specimens were tested, divided into four groups of four specimens based on the strengthening technique: four reference square specimens (150mm side length) without any strengthening, four were wrapped with two layers of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and the remaining eight were strengthened by changing the square cross-section to a 240mm diameter circle with RPC jacket. Four of the RPC jacketed specimens were left unwrapped, while the last four were wrapped with two layers …

Efficient 3d Lateral Analysis Of Cold-Formed Steel Buildings, Nicholas Franklin, Aziz Ahmed, Lip H. Teh, Emma Elizabeth Heffernan, Timothy J. Mccarthy

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Non-structural components contribute significantly to the lateral stiffness of a cold-formed steel (CFS) building structure, but are cumbersome to model explicitly in the structural analysis. They are therefore commonly ignored in a 3D structural analysis, and their benefits are lost to the design. This paper proposes an efficient modelling method that enables practical and accurate 3D elastic analysis of a multi-storey CFS building structure to study its lateral behaviour within the serviceability limit state. Each shear or gravity wall is represented by an equivalent shear modulus four-node orthotropic shell element, which incorporates the lateral stiffness (or flexibility) contributions of all …

Track Structure Simulations Of Proximity Functions In Liquid Water Using The Geant4-Dna Toolkit, Sebastien Incerti, Ioanna Kyriakou, M Bordage, Susanna Guatelli, Vladimir N. Ivanchenko, Dimitris Emfietzoglou

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The mechanistic Monte Carlo modeling of biological effects of ionising radiation at sub-cellular and DNA scale requires the accurate simulation of track structures in the biological medium, commonly approximated as liquid water. The formalism of microdosimetry allows one to describe quantitatively the spatial distribution of energy deposition in the irradiated medium, which is known to relate to the deleterious effects in the irradiated cellular targets. The Geant4-DNA extension of the Geant4 open-source and general-purpose Monte Carlo simulation toolkit has been recently evaluated for the simulation of microdosimetry spectra, allowing, in particular, the calculation of lineal energy distributions. In this work, …

Evolution Of Diamond Based Microdosimetry, Jeremy A. Davis, Marco Petasecca, Susanna Guatelli, Michael L. F Lerch, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The requirements for solid state micro- dosimetry particularly within the context of medical and space environments necessitate a tissue equivalent and radiation hard material, for which diamond is uniquely suited. An overview of the current status of diamond based microdosimetry is given. This overview will explore previous and current technologies developed by the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP). The overview will analyse technologies in terms of their advantages and disadvantages within the context of microdosimetry. Using this as a basis, recommendations with respect to fabri- cation methodologies/techniques are provided in order to direct the course and progress of development …

Preliminary Epi-Diode Characterization For Hdr Brachytherapy Quality Assurance, Anna Romanyukha, Mauro Carrara, Dean L. Cutajar, Marco Petasecca, Iolanda Fuduli, Tebarak Al-Salmani, Michael L. F Lerch, Vladimir Perevertaylo, Davide Mazzeo, Annamaria Cerrotta, Carlo Fallai, Emanuele Pignoli, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

High Dose Rate vaginal brachytherapy for endometrial cancer has evolved from simple single-channel (i.e. cylindrical applicator) deliveries to treatments involving several channels (i.e. multichannel applicator) for the radiotherapy source to dwell, increasing the complexity of the dose distribution, and allowing more space for potential errors. For this reason real-time treatment verification has gained a greater importance than ever before, and more methods need to be developed in order to provide assurance that the dose delivery has been carried out as intended by the hospital staff. P-type silicon epi diodes have been designed at the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP) …

Characterization Of A High Spatiotemporal Resolution Monolithic Silicon Strip Detector For Mri-Linac Dosimetry, Trent Causer, Tess Chapman, Bradley M. Oborn, Jeremy A. Davis, Marco Petasecca, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld, Peter E. Metcalfe

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Multiple vendors are now offering real-time MRI-guided radiotherapy systems. Quality assurance of small fields delivered with an MR-RT system requires detectors with high spatiotemporal resolution, and magnetic insensitivity. High spatial resolution is required to characterise the asymmetric penumbra that transverse designs demonstrate. In this work the authors describe the characterisation of the dosimetric performance of a monolithic silicon strip detector mounted to a flexible polymide (Kapton) printed circuit board intended for use in MRI-linac dosimetry.

Characterization Of Prompt Gamma Rays For In-Vivo Range Verification In Hadron Therapy: A Geant4 Simulation Study, Melek Zarifi, Susanna Guatelli, Yujin Qi, David Bolst, Dale A. Prokopovich, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Prompt gamma (PG) rays have been proposed for in-vivo beam range verification during treatment delivery. As a secondary by-product emitted almost instantaneously upon ion-nuclear interaction, PG rays offer real-time tracking of the Bragg peak (BP). However their detection is challenging since they have a broad energy spectrum with interference from neutrons and stray gamma rays. Numerous approaches have been proposed to utilise PG for in-vivo beam range verification. In this work, Geant4 Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have been used to study the spectral, spatial, temporal and angular distribution characteristics of PG emission and detection from hadron radiation fields of varying …

Modelling The Biological Beamline At Himac Using Geant4, David Bolst, Linh T. Tran, Susanna Guatelli, Naruhiro Matsufuji, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

A Geant4 simulation modelling the passive Biological beamline at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator Chiba (HIMAC) is described and validated against experimental measurements for a mono-energetic and spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) 12 C beam. Comparisons to experimental data showed good agreement for both lateral and depth dose profiles. It was found that simplifying the simulation model by generating a cone beam instead of using the wobbler magnets provided a good approximation for both lateral and depth dose measurements.

Dose Build Up Characteristics With Exaskin Bolus During 6mv Radiotherapy: Moskin Dosimetry Results, Taghreed Al-Sudani, Peter E. Metcalfe, Dean L. Cutajar, Kananan Utitsarn, Abdurrahman Ceylan, Jeremy A. Davis, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Skin dose evaluation is important to ensure adequate dose to the superficial target volume and to avoid severe skin toxicity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the build-up dose characteristics of eXaSkin bolus for 6MV photon beams and evaluate this material for use in skin tumor treatment. Using a 6MV Varian LINAC with field size of 10x10cm 2 , the surface and build up dose characteristics of eXaSkin (thickness = 3, 5, 8, 10, 15 and 26 mm) was investigated in comparison with solid water (thickness = 2, 5, 15, 20 and 26 mm). Dose measurements were performed …

Metamorphic Relations For Data Validation: A Case Study Of Translated Text Messages, Boyang Yan, Brian Yecies, Zhi Q. Zhou

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In conventional metamorphic testing, metamorphic relations (MRs) are identified as necessary properties of a computer program's intended functionality, whereby violations of MRs reveal faults in the program - under the assumption that the source and follow-up inputs (test cases used in metamorphic testing) are valid. In the present study, the authors argue that MRs can also be used to validate and assess the quality of the program's input data - under the assumption that the source or follow-up inputs can be inappropriately generated. Using this new perspective, a case study in the natural language processing domain is used to explore …

Aerodynamic Analysis Of A Stator-Augmented Linear Cascade Wind Turbine, Seyed A. Jafari, Kenny Kwok, Farzad Safaei, Buyung Kosasih, Ming Zhao

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This study proposes to attach stator vanes to PowerWindow, a linear cascade wind turbine, to improve the flow direction in the device. By controlling the angle of attack, the stator vanes increase the acting force and decrease the undesirable force on PowerWindow blades. An analytical model using blade element momentum theory is developed for the new configuration, referred to as stator-augmented PowerWindow. The analytical model has been verified by a computational fluid dynamic simulation. This study shows that the stator vanes are able to minimize/neutralize the undesirable axial force on PowerWindow so that the thrust coefficient decreases from 0.035 in …

V-Matrix-Based Scalable Data Aggregation Scheme In Wsn, Xindi Wang, Qingfeng Zhou, Jun Tong

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Data aggregation is one of the most important functions provided by wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Among a variety of data aggregation schemes, the coding-based approaches (such as Compressive sensing (CS) and other similar programs) can significantly reduce traffic quantity by encoding the raw sensed data using weight vectors. The critical feature to design a coding-based data aggregation protocol is to construct a weight/measurement matrix for the application scenario. After that, the sink node assigns the column of the matrix, which is treated as the weight vector during the encoding process, to each sensor node respectively. However, for a dynamic scenario …

Modulation Of Terahertz Radiation From Graphene Surface Plasmon Polaritons Via Surface Acoustic Wave, Sichen Jin, Xinke Wang, Peng Han, Wenfeng Sun, Shengfei Feng, Jiasheng Ye, C Zhang, Yan Zhang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

We present a theoretical study of terahertz (THz) radiation induced by surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a graphene layer under modulation by a surface acoustic wave (SAW). In our gedanken experiment, SPPs are excited by an electron beam moving on a graphene layer situated on a piezoelectric MoS 2 flake. Under modulation by the SAW field, charge carriers are periodically distributed over the MoS 2 flake, and this causes periodically distributed permittivity. The periodic permittivity structure of the MoS 2 flake folds the SPP dispersion curve back into the center of the first Brillouin zone, in a manner analogous to …

The Liver Inspectr Trial: Towards Improved Understanding Of Liver Function Following Radiotherapy, Nicholas G. Hardcastle, Carol Haddad, G Schembri, D Bailey, B Jones, Adam Briggs, George Hruby, Andrew Kneebone

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Liver stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is an emerging treatment option for primary liver cancer and liver metastases. Liver SABR can provide high rates of local control however tumour doses are limited by dose to surrounding organs at risk including liver and gastrointestinal structures. Dose limits to liver are based on anatomical liver, without understanding of underlying liver function. This report describes a prospective clinical trial which measures the spatial variance of liver function through Tc-99m Mebrofenin SPECT in the context of liver SABR.

Today's Monolithic Silicon Array Detector For Small Field Dosimetry: The Octa, Giordano Biasi, Khalsa Al Shukaili, Marco Petasecca, Stephanie Corde, Susanna Guatelli, Vladimir Perevertaylo, Tomas Kron, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The dosimetry of small photon beams is challenging due to detector position uncertainties, dose averaging and lack of electronic equilibrium. Currently only few, single detectors are suitable for measurements in this context, and none is ideal. This study reports on the dosimetric characterization of small fields collimated by fixed cones, performed by a novel 2D monolithic silicon array detector, the Octa.

3d Sensitive Volume Microdosimeter With Improved Tissue Equivalency: Charge Collection Study And Its Application In 12 C Ion Therapy, Benjamin James, Linh T. Tran, David Bolst, Dale A. Prokopovich, Mark I. Reinhard, Michael L. F Lerch, Marco Petasecca, Susanna Guatelli, Marco Povoli, Angela Kok, Naruhiro Matsufuji, Michael A. Jackson, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

No abstract provided.

Parametric Characterization Of Penumbra Reduction For Aperture-Collimated Pencil Beam Scanning (Pbs) Proton Therapy, Dominic Maes, Rajesh Regmi, Phillip Taddei, Charles Bloch, Steven Bowen, Alexander Nevitt, Erick Leuro, Tony Wong, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld, Jatinder Saini

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Recently, a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) has implemented aperture collimators for PBS dose calculations which can serve to reduce lateral penumbra. This study characterized the variation in magnitude of lateral penumbra for collimated and un-collimated PBS fields versus the parameters of air gap, depth, and range shifter thickness. Comparisons were performed in a homogenous geometry between measured data and calculations made by a commercial TPS. Beam-specific target volumes were generated for collimated and un-collimated PBS fields and optimized for various range shifter thicknesses and air gaps. Lateral penumbra (80%-20% distance) was measured across each target volume to characterize penumbra …

Superconducting Pair-Breaking Under Intense Sub-Gap Terahertz Radiation, Jie Tian, Jack Zuber, Sunchao Huang, C Zhang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

We study the effect of a strong and low frequency (ω < Δ, the superconducting gap) electrical field on a superconducting state. It is found that the superconducting gap decreases with the field intensity and wavelength. The physical mechanism for this dependence is the multiphoton absorption by a superconducting electron. By constructing the state of a superconducting electron dressed by photons, we determined the dependence of the superconducting gap on E / ω and temperature. We show that the critical temperature is determined by the parameter E / ω which is distinct from that induced by the heating effect. The result is consistent with experimental findings. This result can be applied to study terahertz nonlinear superconducting metamaterials.

Performance Analysis Of The Activated Sludge Model (Number 1), Mark Nelson, Harvinder S. Sidhu, Simon D. Watt, Faisal I. Hai

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The activated sludge process is widely used to treat both municipal sewage and a variety of industrial wastewaters. We investigate the steady-state behaviour of an activated sludge process. We use the activated sludge model number one, an internationally accepted model, to describe the biochemical, biological, and physical-chemical phenomena that occur inside the bioreactor. The treatment configuration consists of a single aerated reactor attached to a settling unit. Continuation methods are used to determine the steady-states of the model as a function of the hydraulic residence time. From these solutions we construct important operational parameters including the chemical oxygen demand, total …

We Can Halve Train Travel Times Between Our Cities By Moving To Faster Rail, Philip G. Laird

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The Melbourne-Sydney air corridor is now the second-busiest in the world. That's true for either the number of passenger planes flying between the two airports or by counting actual passenger numbers, now over 9 million passengers a year. That's an increase of 28% since 2009. On an average day, some 12,330 people get on a plane in Sydney to fly to Melbourne. A similar number make the reverse journey. Most passengers will have taken some time to get the airport and waited well over half an hour at the airport just to get on the plane. Once on board, the …

Constructing Kms States From Infinite-Dimensional Spectral Triples, Magnus Goffeng, Adam C. Rennie, Alexandr Usachev

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

We construct KMS-states from Li1-summable semifinite spectral triples and show that in several important examples the construction coincides with well-known direct constructions of KMS-states for naturally defined flows. Under further summability assumptions the constructed KMS-state can be computed in terms of Dixmier traces. For closed manifolds, we recover the ordinary Lebesgue integral. For Cuntz-Pimsner algebras with their gauge flow, the construction produces KMS-states from traces on the coefficient algebra and recovers the Laca-Neshveyev correspondence. For a discrete group acting on its Stone-Čech boundary, we recover the Patterson-Sullivan measures on the Stone-Čech boundary for a flow defined from the Radon-Nikodym cocycle.

Efficient Attribute-Based Encryption With Privacy-Preserving Key Generation And Its Application In Industrial Cloud, Yujiao Song, Hao Wang, Xiaochao Wei, Lei Wu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Due to the rapid development of new technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT), and mobile Internet, the data volumes are exploding. Particularly, in the industrial field, a large amount of data is generated every day. How to manage and use industrial Big Data primely is a thorny challenge for every industrial enterprise manager. As an emerging form of service, cloud computing technology provides a good solution. It receives more and more attention and support due to its flexible configuration, on-demand purchase, and easy maintenance. Using cloud technology, enterprises get rid of the heavy data management work and …

A Secure And Efficient Data Sharing And Searching Scheme In Wireless Sensor Networks, Binrui Zhu, Willy Susilo, Jing Qin, Fuchun Guo, Zhen Zhao, Jixin Ma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) generally utilize cloud computing to store and process sensing data in real time, namely, cloud-assisted WSN. However, the cloud-assisted WSN faces new security challenges, particularly outsourced data confidentiality. Data Encryption is a fundamental approach but it limits target data retrieval in massive encrypted data. Public key encryption with keyword search (PEKS) enables a data receiver to retrieve encrypted data containing some specific keyword in cloud-assisted WSN. However, the traditional PEKS schemes suffer from an inherent problem, namely, the keyword guessing attack (KGA). KGA includes off-line KGA and on-line KGA. To date, the existing literature on PEKS …

A Comparison Of Methods For Poverty Estimation In Developing Countries, Sumonkanti Das, Stephen Haslett

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Small area estimation is a widely used indirect estimation technique for micro-level geographic profiling. Three unit level small area estimation techniques-the ELL or World Bank method, empirical best prediction (EBP) and M-quantile (MQ) - can estimate micro-level Foster, Greer, & Thorbecke (FGT) indicators: poverty incidence, gap and severity using both unit level survey and census data. However, they use different assumptions. The effects of using model-based unit level census data reconstructed from cross-tabulations and having no cluster level contextual variables for models are discussed, as are effects of small area and cluster level heterogeneity. A simulation-based comparison of ELL, EBP …