Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Psychology (4295)
- Arts and Humanities (3649)
- Sociology (3469)
- Library and Information Science (3198)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (3060)
-
- Communication (2897)
- Education (2775)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (2233)
- Economics (2196)
- Political Science (1942)
- Business (1640)
- Law (1283)
- International and Area Studies (1177)
- History (1121)
- Public Health (1112)
- Anthropology (1083)
- Higher Education (997)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (954)
- Life Sciences (953)
- Social Work (867)
- Public Policy (740)
- Engineering (709)
- Geography (703)
- Religion (680)
- Environmental Studies (664)
- Clinical Psychology (638)
- Journalism Studies (589)
- Counseling (555)
- Mass Communication (542)
- Institution
-
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (1596)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (620)
- Walden University (602)
- Singapore Management University (557)
- Chulalongkorn University (497)
-
- Portland State University (477)
- University of Wollongong (421)
- Cedarville University (362)
- Western University (354)
- Brigham Young University (351)
- Coastal Carolina University (350)
- Universitas Indonesia (323)
- Minnesota State University, Mankato (298)
- The University of Maine (293)
- Nova Southeastern University (283)
- Old Dominion University (278)
- University of Kentucky (278)
- Syracuse University (245)
- University of Central Florida (243)
- College of the Holy Cross (242)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (233)
- Utah State University (228)
- Kennesaw State University (224)
- James Madison University (216)
- University of Rhode Island (215)
- Stephen F. Austin State University (214)
- University of South Florida (210)
- University of Denver (207)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (207)
- San Jose State University (205)
- Keyword
-
- COVID-19 (648)
- Cedarville (320)
- Education (287)
- Gender (245)
- Pandemic (223)
-
- Archaeology (216)
- Coronavirus (213)
- Cedarville University (209)
- Deaf culture (203)
- Forensics (203)
- Hearing impaired (203)
- Church work with the deaf -- Catholic Church (202)
- Deaf -- Periodicals (202)
- Pastoral care of people with disabilities (202)
- Syllabus, syllabi, journalism, communication, media, strategic media (198)
- Leadership (187)
- Psychology (180)
- Texas (179)
- Social media (178)
- Mental health (167)
- Communication (163)
- Depression (152)
- Covid-19 (149)
- Race (148)
- Children (137)
- Trauma (134)
- English (127)
- Higher education (121)
- Culture (118)
- Library science (117)
- Publication
-
- Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) (991)
- Theses and Dissertations (596)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (554)
- Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD) (396)
- Journal of Political Science (335)
-
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B (304)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (284)
- Honors Theses (283)
- Dissertations (223)
- Faculty Publications (212)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (211)
- News Releases (207)
- Publications and Research (202)
- Proceedings of the National Developmental Conference on Individual Events (200)
- Journalism and Strategic Media Syllabi (199)
- The Qualitative Report (175)
- Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State (164)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (160)
- Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository (142)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (139)
- Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses (134)
- Research Collection School of Social Sciences (123)
- Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations (121)
- Dissertations and Theses (103)
- Library Impact Statements (102)
- The International Journal of Ethical Leadership (99)
- Master's Theses (97)
- Doctoral Dissertations and Projects (93)
- Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection (93)
- Research Collection School Of Economics (88)
- Publication Type
Articles 5521 - 5550 of 24992
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Role Of The Botoh As Political Brokers And Gamblers During The Tulungagung Local Election Of 2018, Mohammad Darry Abiyyu
Role Of The Botoh As Political Brokers And Gamblers During The Tulungagung Local Election Of 2018, Mohammad Darry Abiyyu
Jurnal Politik
Current studies on the botoh generally focus on gambling in village-head elections (pilkades) and how its role transforms from pilkades to local elections (pilkada). However, this article defines the botoh as a political broker and gambler during the 2018 local election of Tulungagung Regency. This research found that the botoh’s way of persuading voters had a positive effect on an unfavorable candidate and helped him win. This study conducted in-depth interviews of “big” botoh, observed field operation patterns, and collected documents from related parties. The practice of gambling during pilkada is categorized into three types: ngapit, leg-leg’an, and biting. This …
One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: The Retrogression Of Governance Reform And Anti-Corruption Measure In Indonesia 1999–2001, Vishnu Juwono
One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: The Retrogression Of Governance Reform And Anti-Corruption Measure In Indonesia 1999–2001, Vishnu Juwono
Jurnal Politik
There were high hopes that Gus Dur, after being appointed by the People Consultative Assembly (MPR) in 1999, would bring significant governance reform and more progressive anti-corruption measures for the first time because two top leaders (Gus Dur and Megawati) were from the opposition in the New Order era. This paper attempts to evaluate the governance reform and anti-corruption measures in 1999–2001. This paper argues that there was a valuable opportunity to push for further governance reforms and a bolder anti-corruption drive, as there was a legitimate political top leadership stemming from the free-and-fair election in 1999 embodied in the …
Cooperation In The International System: An Interdisciplinary Investigation At The Intersection Of International Relations And International Law, Kalyani Unkule
Cooperation In The International System: An Interdisciplinary Investigation At The Intersection Of International Relations And International Law, Kalyani Unkule
Maurer Theses and Dissertations
A conversation between the disciplines of International Relations and International Law illuminates the nature of interstate cooperation and enhances our understanding of the nature and potential of international law. There are methodological and practical asymmetries between International Relations and International Law which create ideal conditions for interdisciplinary work. Studying international cooperation on protecting cultural heritage enable us to address the above questions and reevaluate and extend underlying theoretical frameworks.
Development Of A Minority Stress Preventive Intervention For Sexual And Gender Minority Youth And Young Adults, Natalie Holt
Development Of A Minority Stress Preventive Intervention For Sexual And Gender Minority Youth And Young Adults, Natalie Holt
Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Mental health disparities amongst sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals are spurred by exposure to minority stressors and sustained by mediators of problems with emotion regulation, social support, and cognitive processes. Emerging clinical research suggests empirically supported behavioral health treatments can be culturally adapted to address these mental health disparities, however less work has focused on the prevention of symptoms. The present study developed a brief preventive intervention targeting mediators of the minority stress model for SGM youth and young adults aged 17 to 26. Focus groups with 8 SGM participants informed development to ensure the content and delivery of …
Prevalent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Emergency Department Personnel: Rapid Systematic Review, Diane In Trudgill, Kevin Gorey, Elizabeth A. Donnelly Dr.
Prevalent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Emergency Department Personnel: Rapid Systematic Review, Diane In Trudgill, Kevin Gorey, Elizabeth A. Donnelly Dr.
Social Work Publications
This research review synthesized the evidence on the prevalence of posttraumatic stressdisorder among emergency department personnel in Canada and the USA. No previous suchsynthesis, specific to this crucial aspect of North American health care had previously beenpublished. Broad keyword searches of interdisciplinary research databases, both peer-reviewed and grey, retrieved 10 surveys published between 1996 and 2019. Their outcomeswere synthesized with sample-weighted, pooled analyses. The most significant reviewfindingwas that one of everyfive such emergency care personnel met posttraumatic stress disorderdiagnostic criteria; 18.6% (95% confidence interval 16.9, 20.4). However, this synthesis ofgenerally small, nonprobability surveys with high nonparticipation rates, could only suggestthat …
The Future Of Work Now: The Multi-Faceted Mall Security Guard At A Multi-Faceted Jewel, Thomas H. Davenport, Steven M. Miller
The Future Of Work Now: The Multi-Faceted Mall Security Guard At A Multi-Faceted Jewel, Thomas H. Davenport, Steven M. Miller
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
One of the most frequently-used phrases at business events these days is “the future of work.” It’s increasingly clear that artificial intelligence and other new technologies will bring substantial changes in work tasks and business processes. But while these changes are predicted for the future, they’re already present in many organizations for many different jobs. The job and incumbents described below are an example of this phenomenon. Steve Miller of Singapore Management University and I co-authored the story.
Biosecurity Council Of Western Australia Annual Report 2019/2020, Biosecurity Council Of Western Australia
Biosecurity Council Of Western Australia Annual Report 2019/2020, Biosecurity Council Of Western Australia
Biosecurity published reports
In order to develop constructive advice, it is important for the Biosecurity Council to understand the needs and challenges of industry, government and the community, and how changes to the biosecurity system might impact these groups. During 2019/20 the Council continued to monitor biosecurity-related developments at national and State levels and proactively engaged with industry, community and government on biosecurity matters.
The key areas of advice that were progressed during the year were:
- biosecurity research and development
- border biosecurity
- the declaration of non-agricultural pests under the BAM Act; and
- recognised biosecurity groups and declared pest rates
The Optimal Degree Of Reciprocity In Tariff Reduction, Pao-Li Chang
The Optimal Degree Of Reciprocity In Tariff Reduction, Pao-Li Chang
Research Collection School Of Economics
This paper characterizes the optimal reciprocal trade policy in the environment of Melitz (2003) with firm productivity heterogeneity. In particular, without making parametric assumptions on firm productivity distribution, this paper derives the optimal degree of reciprocal tariff reductions that maximize the world welfare. A reciprocal import subsidy raises the industry productivity, lowering aggregate price; a reciprocal import tariff helps correct the markup distortion, increasing nominal income. With all the conflicting effects of import tariffs on welfare considered, the optimal degree of reciprocity in multilateral tariff reduction is shown to be free trade.
Understanding Evangelical Support For, And Opposition To Donald Trump In The 2016 Presidential Election, Joseph Thomas Zichterman
Understanding Evangelical Support For, And Opposition To Donald Trump In The 2016 Presidential Election, Joseph Thomas Zichterman
Dissertations and Theses
This thesis addressed the conundrum that 81 percent of evangelicals supported Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election, despite the fact that his character and comportment commonly did not exemplify the values and ideals that they professed. This was particularly perplexing to many outside (and within) evangelical circles, because as leaders of America's "Moral Majority" for almost four decades, prior to Trump's campaign, evangelicals had insisted that only candidates who set a high standard for personal integrity and civic decency, were qualified to serve as president.
In order to deal with this problem, I conducted a qualitative study, which followed …
How To Enhance Tourist Perceptions Of Environmental Issues Through Nature Images: An Importance-Performance Analysis, Hye Jeong Park, Eunkyoung Park
How To Enhance Tourist Perceptions Of Environmental Issues Through Nature Images: An Importance-Performance Analysis, Hye Jeong Park, Eunkyoung Park
Journal of Global Business Insights
Environmental problems have been discussed as a serious issue across the world. To conserve nature, many environmental organizations have tried to facilitate tourists’ environmental perceptions by using nature images on their websites. However, few guidelines have been introduced regarding how to select appropriate nature images. Given this gap, this study conducted an importance-performance analysis (IPA) which provides the specific guideline for the use of appropriate nature images through nature-related websites. A total of 526 participants were recruited through an online survey. The results revealed that 14 nature images were categorized as Useful, Healthy, and Spontaneous nature images and identified different …
Implicit Emotion Regulation: A Novel Method For Capturing Individual Differences In Acute Emotion Regulation, Sydney Timmer-Murillo, Keara J. Kangas, Nakia Gordon
Implicit Emotion Regulation: A Novel Method For Capturing Individual Differences In Acute Emotion Regulation, Sydney Timmer-Murillo, Keara J. Kangas, Nakia Gordon
Psychology Faculty Research and Publications
Implicit emotion regulation is a mechanism that relies on habitual patterns to regulate efficiently without direct awareness. While an important aspect of successful regulation, few studies have assessed it experimentally. Those that have typically prime reappraisal and compare this strategy to explicit reappraisal or a control. The current study introduced a novel paradigm to assess implicit use of reappraisal or suppression. Specifically, we used a cognitive bias modification task to evaluate differences in implicit emotion regulation strategy selection. This resulted in roughly half of the participants tending toward choosing predominantly reappraisal words (High Reappraisers) and half choosing equal …
A Randomized Clinical Trial Of A Virtual-Training Program For Teaching Applied-Behavior-Analysis Skills To Parents Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Wayne W. Fisher, Kevin C. Luczynski, Andrew P. Blowers, Megan E. Vosters, Maegan D. Pisman, Andy R. Craig, Stephanie Hood, Mychal A. Machado, Aaron D. Lesser, Cathleen C. Piazza
A Randomized Clinical Trial Of A Virtual-Training Program For Teaching Applied-Behavior-Analysis Skills To Parents Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Wayne W. Fisher, Kevin C. Luczynski, Andrew P. Blowers, Megan E. Vosters, Maegan D. Pisman, Andy R. Craig, Stephanie Hood, Mychal A. Machado, Aaron D. Lesser, Cathleen C. Piazza
Psychology Faculty Research and Publications
Parents play an important role in the treatment of their children's symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); thus, developing effective, efficient, socially acceptable, and accessible procedures for training parents to implement applied-behavior-analysis (ABA) interventions is critically important. One potential approach involves delivering training via a virtual private network (VPN) over the internet (Fisher et al., 2014). In this study, we conducted a randomized clinical trial to evaluate a virtual parent-training program with e-learning modules and scripted role-play via a VPN. We evaluated parent implementation of ABA skills using direct-observation measures in structured-work and play-based training contexts. Parents in the treatment …
Effect Of Behavior Therapy For Tourette's Disorder On Psychiatric Symptoms And Functioning In Adults, Joseph F. Mcguire, Emily J. Ricketts, Lawrence Scahill, Sabine Wilhelm, Douglas W. Woods, John Piacentini, John T. Walkup, Alan L. Peterson
Effect Of Behavior Therapy For Tourette's Disorder On Psychiatric Symptoms And Functioning In Adults, Joseph F. Mcguire, Emily J. Ricketts, Lawrence Scahill, Sabine Wilhelm, Douglas W. Woods, John Piacentini, John T. Walkup, Alan L. Peterson
Psychology Faculty Research and Publications
Background
Although behavior therapy reduces tic severity, it is unknown whether it improves co-occurring psychiatric symptoms and functional outcomes for adults with Tourette's disorder (TD). This information is essential for effective treatment planning. This study examined the effects of behavior therapy on psychiatric symptoms and functional outcomes in older adolescents and adults with TD.
Method
A total of 122 individuals with TD or a chronic tic disorder participated in a clinical trial comparing behavior therapy to psychoeducation and supportive therapy. At baseline, posttreatment, and follow-up visits, participants completed assessments of tic severity, co-occurring symptoms (inattention, impulsiveness, hyperactivity, anger, anxiety, depression, …
Gender And Parliamentary Representation In India: The Case Of Violence Against Women And Children, Sadhvi Kalra, Devin K. Joshi
Gender And Parliamentary Representation In India: The Case Of Violence Against Women And Children, Sadhvi Kalra, Devin K. Joshi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
To better understand how gender impacts parliamentary representation, we analysed representative claims made by parliamentarians in India, the world's largest democracy. Applying critical frame analysis to plenary debates in the Indian Rajya Sabha, we examined four parliamentary bills addressing violence against women and children under four successive governments between 1999 and 2019. Testing six hypotheses concerning who represents and how, our study found women legislators more active in speaking on behalf of women and children than male legislators. Women parliamentarians focused more on rehabilitating victims and expanding the scope of rights and rights-holders. Women were also more vocal in contesting …
Universal Minimum Wage Is Not Suitable For Singapore, Zhengxiao Wu
Universal Minimum Wage Is Not Suitable For Singapore, Zhengxiao Wu
Research Collection School Of Economics
In a commentary, SMU Senior Lecturer of Statistics Wu Zhengxiao examined the concept of a universal minimum wage, and discussed how it is not suitable for Singapore.
Scholarly Communications Newsletter, Georgia Southern University
Scholarly Communications Newsletter, Georgia Southern University
Scholarly Communications Newsletters (2018-2022)
- Scholarly Communication Newsletter- September 2020
- Georgia Southern Is Now in Sherpa Romeo!
- PlumX Updates
- September Webinars
- Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research
Advancing Social Determinants Of Health Through Investments In Postsecondary Attainment And Sustaining Employment, Melissa B. Eggen, J’Aime C. Jennings, Molly O’Keefe, Brandy N. Kelly Pryor, Leslie Clements
Advancing Social Determinants Of Health Through Investments In Postsecondary Attainment And Sustaining Employment, Melissa B. Eggen, J’Aime C. Jennings, Molly O’Keefe, Brandy N. Kelly Pryor, Leslie Clements
The Foundation Review
In 2018, the Humana Foundation shifted the focus of its work to the social determinants of health, with the key aim of promoting health equity. With this new focus came a recognition that larger, long-term investments would be needed to support strategies addressing upstream determinants of health. The foundation also recognized the need to co-create processes with communities to understand how to provide essential holistic supports.
This article explores one area of the foundation’s new efforts, the Strategic Community Investment Program, which focuses in part on postsecondary attainment and sustaining employment. The foundation partnered with the University of Louisville’s Center …
Emergent Learning: Increasing The Impact Of Foundation-Driven Strategies To Support College Enrollment And Completion, Kimberly Hanauer, Stacy Sneed, Bill Debaun
Emergent Learning: Increasing The Impact Of Foundation-Driven Strategies To Support College Enrollment And Completion, Kimberly Hanauer, Stacy Sneed, Bill Debaun
The Foundation Review
This article examines lessons learned as part of the continued development of the Get2College Pilot School Program, an initiative of the Woodward Hines Education Foundation, designed to test a strategy for increasing college enrollment among Mississippi students through greater college exploration opportunities and application and financial aid supports.
While a review of the first three years of the pilot found it had an impact on college-going culture at its eight participating schools, Get2College found no significant increase in college enrollment over the 2016–2018 academic years and a retrospective analysis revealed flaws in the program’s design and theory of change. In …
Tracing Controversies In Internationalization: National Actors In Canadian Higher Education, Melody Viczko
Tracing Controversies In Internationalization: National Actors In Canadian Higher Education, Melody Viczko
Education Publications
No abstract provided.
The Identity Formation Process Of Immigrant Children: A Case Study Synthesis, Jose Carbajal
The Identity Formation Process Of Immigrant Children: A Case Study Synthesis, Jose Carbajal
Faculty Publications
Introduction: Children who immigrate often have difficulties in adjusting to their host country. A single case study based on similar narratives is composed to develop the character of a child’s developmental cultural issues as he immigrated to the United States from El Salvador. Attachment theory is reviewed to discuss how detachment and re-attachment affected him. A review of the literature on assimilation and acculturation is also provided. Objectives: The author synthesizes the work experience with the population with migration history to illustrate how attachment and loss impact these individuals, through a composed case study illustrated through the experience of Ramni, …
Murray Library September 2020 Newsletter, Murray Library
Murray Library September 2020 Newsletter, Murray Library
Library Publications
What's new at the library? News and information about Murray Library at Messiah University written by its staff.
Contents:
- Photos of new library entrance
- Covid-19 changes
- Welcome Rachael Jasitt
- Mosaic Success: 22,000 downloads
Mapping Geographical Inequalities In Access To Drinking Water And Sanitation Facilities In Low-Income And Middle-Income Countries, 2000–17, Aniruddha Deshpande, Robert C. Reiner Jr, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Local Burden Of Disease Wash Collaborators, 665 Co-Authors
Mapping Geographical Inequalities In Access To Drinking Water And Sanitation Facilities In Low-Income And Middle-Income Countries, 2000–17, Aniruddha Deshpande, Robert C. Reiner Jr, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Local Burden Of Disease Wash Collaborators, 665 Co-Authors
Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications
Background
Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities.
Methods
We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant …
Public Participation In Disaster Mitigation In Cambria, Ca, Erin Lucett
Public Participation In Disaster Mitigation In Cambria, Ca, Erin Lucett
Master of Science in Environmental Sciences and Management Projects
Communities throughout the Western United States are threatened by wildfires. Due to years of fire suppression these fires can be more severe and devastating to communities. To reduce the negative effects from wildfires, many communities engage in disaster mitigation. An example of a community that faces significant wildfire threat and is using disaster mitigation techniques is Cambria, Ca. This study investigates the treatments (chipping, limbing, invasive species removal, and prescribed fire) that would be accepted in the community of Cambria as well as identifying common areas of management priorities among Cambrians. We found that there was a general support for …
Editor's Note, Joseph Drew
Editor's Note, Joseph Drew
Comparative Civilizations Review
The ferocity of Covid-19 has struck worldwide this year. In the process, all of humanity has been affected. Civilizations and societies, and nations large and small, have responded to the challenge, some with more success than others.
Comment By David Rosner, David Rosner
Comment By David Rosner, David Rosner
Comparative Civilizations Review
Human beings need to “make sense” out of the world, but our world is sometimes unintelligible.
Comment By Andrew Targowski, Andrew Targowski
Comment By Andrew Targowski, Andrew Targowski
Comparative Civilizations Review
Pandemic 2020, triggered by the coronavirus, reminds us that life on Earth has been evolving for 3.5 billion years from a virus, which is just a deficient bacterium.
Comment By Rosemary Gillett-Karam, Rosemary Gillett-Karam
Comment By Rosemary Gillett-Karam, Rosemary Gillett-Karam
Comparative Civilizations Review
The Department of Homeland Security, with its Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVIS) arms, announced unexpectedly on July 6 of this year that international students studying in the United States at universities and colleges which were converting to all-online instruction because of the pandemic would become immediately ineligible to continue their enrollment in their college or university courses if their own countries had similar programs available.
Comment By David Wilkinson, David Wilkinson
Comment By David Wilkinson, David Wilkinson
Comparative Civilizations Review
In his life, Sorokin was variously a starving peasant orphan, an itinerant icon gilder, a self-taught bookworm, a political activist, a six-time political prisoner, an empirical penologist, a quantitative sociologist, a Socialist Revolutionary, a starving intellectual worker, an involuntary passenger on the Ship of Expelled Russian Thinkers, a founding comparative civilizationist, a conservative Christian anarchist, a Tolstoyan believer that “the Kingdom of God is within you,” and an elected write-in candidate for President of the American Sociological Association.
Pestilence And Other Calamities In Civilizational Theory: Sorokin, Mcneill, Diamond, And Beyond, Vlad Alalykin-Izvekov
Pestilence And Other Calamities In Civilizational Theory: Sorokin, Mcneill, Diamond, And Beyond, Vlad Alalykin-Izvekov
Comparative Civilizations Review
This paper analyses the phenomenon of pestilence through paradigmatic and methodological lenses of several outstanding social scholars, including Pitirim A. Sorokin, William H. McNeill, and Jared M. Diamond. All three thinkers have advanced original, fundamental, and revolutionary paradigms regarding the profound role which infectious diseases played, are playing, and will continue to play in world history and culture. The phenomenon of pestilence is studied in the context of other major calamities. The relevant historic, as well as contemporary macro-level and long-term sociocultural research, is reviewed. The author advances a number of original concepts, as well as makes relevant projections into …