Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Diminishing Global Power, Downgrading Human Rights: Making Sense Of American Foreign Policy Under Donald Trump, Timothy M. Gill

Societies Without Borders

President Donald Trump has generated much confusion concerning his foreign policy approach, and he has often displayed contradictory positions on an array of issues. Trump has, for example, praised authoritarian leaders in Eastern Europe, but condemned them in Latin America. The purpose of this paper is to make sense of Trump’s foreign policy approach, and its novelties and continuities, by putting his administration into comparative-historical focus alongside Bush II and Obama. I analyze their foreign policy approach by using Michael Mann’s IEMP model of power to draw out their distinctive qualities. Similar to Mann’s own analysis of Bush II, I …

Living On The Border. Three Generations' Biographies., Ana Kralj, Tanja Rener

Societies Without Borders

Borders of nation states, claim the authors, are embodiment of junction between system and lifeworld. They manifest the translation of social into physical spaces and vice versa. The authors reflect the meaning of distinctions and oppositions (us and them, here and there, safety and danger, included and excluded etc.) in construction, maintenance and disappearance of boundaries in space. In case of borders of nation states the distinctions are identified within and grounded solely upon the political sphere, the same sphere that needs borders and distinctions in order to constitute itself. A qualitative study about the experience and meaning of Yugoslav-Slovenian-Italian …

Determinants Of Open Attitudes Towards Foreign Nationals In Japan, Shigemi Ohtsuki

Societies Without Borders

With a declining birth rate and aging population, Japan needs to open the door to immigrants to maintain its workforce. “Multicultural Coexistence,” or “tabunka-kyosei” in Japanese, is commonly used to describe the relationship between Japanese people and foreign nationals in Japan. Unfortunately, the definition of the term is unclear. This study defines multicultural coexistence based on two conceptions, namely “willingness for communication” and “support for or opposition to the equality of rights.” The analyses are based on quantitative data of a sample of 1,823 Japanese persons and 292 foreign national persons (immigrants) living in the industrial city of …

Global Human Rights Organizations And National Patterns: Amnesty International’S Responses To Darfur, Joachim J. Savelsberg

Societies Without Borders

This article provides an analysis of Amnesty International and its efforts to establish a global, human rights-based narrative on the mass violence in Darfur, Sudan, during the first decade of the 21^st century. Interviews show how Amnesty’s narrative resembles that of the judicial field. Respondents insist that justice, once achieved, will help reach other goals such as peace. Relative unanimity in representing the violence supports the notion of globalizing forces highlighted by the world polity school, but national conditions also color narratives, in line with recent literature on national contexts of INGO work and a long tradition of neo-Weberian …

Sorting Out Concern: European Attitudes Toward Human Trafficking, Jennifer A. Cheek, Lindsey Peterson

Societies Without Borders

Human trafficking is a global phenomenon, which is sometimes conflated with other cross-national social problems. While trafficking certainly occurs within countries, much of it occurs across borders. In this paper we examine one of the only available datasets that addresses individual concern about human trafficking: the Eurobarometer 2003. Individual concern about human trafficking matters, especially in democracies, because government policy is in part shaped by citizen preferences. When democratic governments are not responsive to citizens, they risk being voted out in the next election cycle. What we find is that concern for human trafficking varies by gender, age, marital status, …

Immigrant Voices: How Do Patterns Of Expressive Forms Of Civic Engagement Differ Across Immigrant Generation?, Renee Stepler, Hiromi Ishizawa

Societies Without Borders

Prior research suggests that immigrants in the U.S. are less likely to civically engage than the native-born, but few studies have systematically examined whether levels of expressive engagement differ by immigrant generational status – particularly in the case of contacting a public official and boycotting or buycotting products for political or social reasons. Using the Current Population Survey, November 2011 and 2013 Civic Engagement Supplements, this study examines whether these forms of expressive engagement differ across immigrant generational status, and by race and ethnicity within immigrant generations. In accord with classical assimilation theory, the findings show that the first generation …

Determinants Of Open Attitudes Towards Foreign Nationals In Japan, Shigemi Ohtsuki

Societies Without Borders

With a declining birth rate and an aging population, Japan needs to open the door to immigrants in order to maintain its workforce. "Multicultural Coexistence" or “tabunka-kyosei” in Japanese is commonly used to describe the relationship between Japanese people and foreign nationals in Japan. Unfortunately, the definition of this term is entirely unclear. This study defines "Multicultural Coexistence" based on two conceptions, “Willingness for Communication” and “Support or Opposition for the equality of rights.” The analyses are based on quantitative data; a sample of 1,823 Japanese persons and a second sample of 292 foreign national persons living in …

Comparing Ignorance: Imagined Immigration And The Exclusion Of Migrantsin The U.S. And Western Europe, Daniel Herda Phd

Societies Without Borders

There exists a well-documented tendency among citizens to perceive immigrant populations as much larger than indicated by official statistics. This misperception has been linked to desires to halt the flow off immigration or restrict immigrants’ rights, raising concern about the consequences of pervasive faulty information. However, ignorance extends beyond questions of population size. There are also many qualitative misperceptions upon which individuals base their opinions about foreigners. In particular, citizens are likely to hold incorrect perceptions about the legal status of the typical immigrant (i.e. documented vs undocumented). The current study takes a unique approach by simultaneously examining both quantitative …

Who Says Human Rights Are Not Respected? A Cross-National Comparison Of Objective And Subjective Ratings, Rob Clark

Societies Without Borders

Country ratings of human rights conditions are now quite popular in macro comparative analysis. However, little is known as to whether (or to what extent) these scores correspond with mass sentiment in each country. Do “objective” ratings from the Political Terror Scale (PTS) and the Cingranelli-Richards index (CIRI) correspond with “subjective” ratings issued by the public? In this study, I answer this question, drawing from the most recent wave of the World Values Survey (2010 – 2014), in which respondents from 59 countries are asked to assess the level of respect for individual human rights in their country. The findings …

Rainbows For Rights: The Role Of Lgbt Activism In Gay Rights Promotion, Victor Asal, Amanda Murdie 8495795, Udi Sommer

Societies Without Borders

Are advocacy efforts successful in improving the de jure rights of sexual minorities? In this paper, we argue that the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights NGO movement has been a powerful force in the struggle against sexual discrimination. However, the work of LGBT organizations is much harder in areas of the world where pre-existing public attitudes are not supportive of the rights in question. By focusing on the issue of sexual minority rights, we are able to see how underlying public attitude divergence on a human rights issue can influence advocacy success. We test the implications of our …

International Differences In Support For Human Rights, Sam Mcfarland Ph. D.

Societies Without Borders

International differences in support for human rights are reviewed. The first of two sections reviews variations in the strength of ratification of UN human rights treaties, followed by an examination of the commonalities and relative strengths among the five regional human rights systems. This review indicates that internationally the strongest human rights support is found in Europe and the Americas, with weaker support in Africa, followed by still weaker support in the Arab Union and Southeast Asia. The second section reviews variations in responses to public opinion polls on a number of civil and economic rights. A strong coherence in …

A Content Analysis Of Social Media Users’ Reaction To Religious Disinformation In Bangladesh, Md. Sayeed Al-Zaman

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The present study seeks to explore social media users’ reactions to religious disinformation in Bangladesh. Public comments were collected from the relevant Facebook posts related to an online religious disinformation that took place in April 2019 and analyzed following a qualitative content analysis method. The three key findings of this research are: (a) Social media users react to disinformation more emotionally than reasonably; (b) more users show diverse forms of destructive reactions when they encounter disinformation; and (c) although more users have strong reasoning skills, only a few users show constructive reactions after encountering disinformation. These results indicate the presence …

Children’S Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity On Weekdays Versus Weekend Days: A Multi-Country Analysis, Keith Brazendale, Keith W. Beets, Bridget Armstrong, R Glenn Weaver, Ethan T. Hunt, Russell R. Pate, Timothy A. Brusseau, Amy Bohnert, Timothy Olds, Rafael M. Tassitano, Maria Cecilia M. Tenorio, Jeanette Garcia, Lars B. Andersen, Rachel Davey, Pedro C. Hallal, Russell Jago, Elin Kolle, Susi Kriemler, Peter L. Kristensen, Soyang Kwon, Jardena J. Pider, Jo Salmon, Luis B. Sardinha, Esther M F Van Sluijs

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Purpose

The Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH) posits that children’s behaviors associated with obesity – such as physical activity – are more favorable on days that contain more ‘structure’ (i.e., a pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environment) such as school weekdays, compared to days with less structure, such as weekend days. The purpose of this study was to compare children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels on weekdays versus weekend days using a large, multi-country, accelerometer-measured physical activity dataset.

Methods

Data were received from the International Children’s Accelerometer Database (ICAD) July 2019. The ICAD inclusion criteria for a valid day of wear, only …

The Comparative Psychology Of Intelligence: Macphail Revisited, Michael Colombo, Damian Scarf, Thomas R. Zentall

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Graduate Music Education Practicum Mus 576, Jim Kinnie

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

Spartan Daily, February 10, 2021, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2021

Volume 156, Issue 6

The Dark Footprint Of State Violence: A Synthetic Approach To The American Crime Decline, Aaron Roussell, Lori Sexton, Paul Deppen Iii, Marisa Omori, Esther Scheibler

Sociology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This project combines the conversation on the national crime rate with emerging discussions on the violence that the state perpetrates against civilians. To measure US lethal violence holistically, we reconceptualize the traditional definitional boundaries of violence to erase arbitrary distinctions between state- and civilian-caused crime and violence. Discussions of the “crime decline” focus specifically on civilian crime, positioning civilians as the sole danger to the health, wealth, and safety of individuals. Violence committed by the state—from police homicide to deaths in custody to in-prison sexual assault—is not found in the traditionally reported crime rate. These absences belie real dangers posed …

Aberrant Maturation Of The Uncinate Fasciculus Follows Exposure To Unpredictable Patterns Of Maternal Signals, Steven J. Granger, Laura M. Glynn, Curt A. Sandman, Steven L. Small, Andre Obenaus, David B. Keator, Tallie Z. Baram, Hal S. Stern, Michael A. Yassa, Elyssia Poggi Davis

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Across species, unpredictable patterns of maternal behavior are emerging as novel predictors of aberrant cognitive and emotional outcomes later in life. In animal models, exposure to unpredictable patterns of maternal behavior alters brain circuit maturation and cognitive and emotional outcomes. However, whether exposure to such signals in humans alters the development of brain pathways is unknown. In mother–child dyads, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to more unpredictable maternal signals in infancy is associated with aberrant maturation of corticolimbic pathways. We focused on the uncinate fasciculus, the primary fiber bundle connecting the amygdala to the orbitofrontal cortex and a key …

Child Obesity Moderates The Association Between Poverty And Academic Achievement, Ashley W. Kranjac, Dinko Kranjac

Sociology Faculty Articles and Research

Childhood overweight and obesity are major public health problems in the United States. Children who experience poverty are 1.5 times more likely to suffer with overweight and 1.6 times more likely to have obesity. The extent to which overweight or obesity exacerbates the negative influence of socioeconomic inequality on child academic outcomes has not yet been examined. We estimated the effect of poverty on math and reading achievement trajectories using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS) Kindergarten class of 1998−1999 survey data and multilevel growth curve modeling techniques. Our findings indicate that the impact of obesity status is more pronounced …

Sleep, Megan Paul

Umbrella Summaries

What is sleep?

In the context of the workplace, investigations into sleep tend to focus on two main aspects: sleep quantity and sleep quality. Though sleep is occasionally measured using objective measures that assess physiological indicators, subjective self-report measures are most often used (Litwiller et al., 2017). There are dozens of measures for assessing sleep quality or quantity, some of which are single items and others that include multiple items. A more commonly used multidimensional measure is the 19-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which assesses factors like sleep duration, sleep disturbance, and sleep efficiency, among others (Buysse et al., 1989). …

Public Health Employees’ Perceptions About The Impact Of Emerging Public Health Trends On Their Day-To-Day Work: Effects Of Organizational Climate And Culture, Kristie Cason Waterfield, Gulzar H. Shah, Linda Kimsey, William A. Mase, Jingjing Yin

Department of Health Policy and Community Health Faculty Publications

Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the workforce characteristics associated with public health employees’ perceived impact of emerging trends in public health on their day-to-day work. Methods: Multinomial logistic regression was performed to analyze data from the 2017 PH WINS, a cross-sectional survey utilizing a nationally representative sample of the United States public health workforce. Results: More than 55% of the public health workforce perceived that their day-to-day work was impacted by the emerging public health trends. Workplace environment was significantly associated with the perception of their day-to-day work being impacted by emerging public health trends such …

Library Sources Available On Pre-Islamic Religious Traditions Of The Eastern Hindu Kush And On Shamanism Among The Kalasha People, Dr. Muhammad Kashif Ali, Dr. Ghulam Shabbir, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Chawla

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The shamanism is the oldest cult of human being, in Pakistan the Kalasha are the sole people in the (eastern) Hindu Kush region who have the tradition of shamanism alive though at the last breath. The Kalasha are Indo-Aryan people of Dardic branch and their religion has similarities with the religion of Vedic period. Shaman or dehar is one of the most significant institutions of the community and is the most spiritual in nature. However, for some decades the shamanism due to multiple reasons is towards the decline; impurity is the key reason. Though the Kalasha people does not have …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On The Standard & Poor 500 Index Sectors: A Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Model, Maha Elhini, Rasha Hammam

Economics

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the impact of the daily growth rate of COVID-19 cases in the USA (COVID), the Federal Fund Rate (FFR) and the trade-weighted US dollar index (USDX) on S&P500 index daily returns and its 11 constituent sectors’ indices for the time period between January 22, 2020, until June 30, 2020. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (MGARCH) model to gauge the impacts over the whole period of study, as well as over two sub-periods; first, January 22, 2020, until March 30, 2020, reflecting uncertainty in the US markets and …

Measuring Heterogeneous Preferences For Residential Amenities, Arthur J. Caplan, Sherzod B. Akhundjanov, Kristopher Toll

Applied Economics Faculty Publications

This study reports on estimates of heterogeneous preferences for residential amenities among households in the Mountain West region of the US. The estimates are derived from a choice experiment funded by the Utah Department of Transportation and Utah Transit Authority—an experiment based upon large samples of both homeowners and renters who participated in a larger, statewide transportation study. The choice experiment and transportation study allow us to control for a rich set of household-level demographic and lifestyle characteristics, which in turn permits identification of a host of factors contributing to heterogeneity in residential preferences. We leverage a percentage-change housing cost …

Use Of Open Source Software In Indian Institutional Digital Repositories: A Study, Rushmanasab Gurikar, Gururaj S. Hadagali Assistant Professor

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The present paper determines the use of Open Source Software (OSS) in building Indian Institutional Repositories. The paper further covers the use of different OSS, use of OSS in different types of institutions, Indian States / UTs and different disciplines. The data were collected from Open DOAR, ROAR, AGRIS and LIS link Kerala. A total of 209 Open Access Repositories were identified. The outcomes of the study reveal that Dspace and Eprints are the most used OSS in Indian Institutional Repositories; the institutions of Karnataka, New Delhi and Maharashtra State / UTs have used a good number of OSS in …

Effects Of Transportation And Accommodation On Academic Performance And Utilization Of Information Resources By Postgraduate Students In The Faculty Of Agriculture Library University Of Ibadan, Nigeria, Lawal Mohammed Tukur, Aisha Safiyanu Darma

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study is an overview on the effects of transportation and accommodation on academic performance and utilization of information resource by postgraduate students in the Faculty of Agriculture Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The main objective of the study is to identify the effects of using the library due to accommodation and transportation, the study analyze the types of available information resources, in the library, the level of usage and user satisfaction questionnaire was provided to users and 0.7 % of the entire respondent population= 3761= 26 was used, so twenty six (26) copies of the questionnaires were given to …

Turkey-Russia Relations In 2001-2020: Deepening Partnership And Heightening Competition Amid Regional Restructuring, Muhammet Koçak

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explains the evolution of Turkey-Russia relations in 2001 2020. Turkey and Russia are two of the most critical powerhouses of Central Eurasia. In the past, the Russian Empire played a significant role in the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, and Turkey took part in containing the USSR during the Cold War. In 2001 2020, however, Turkey and Russia invested in bilateral trade and established partnerships in the defense and energy sectors. Two countries also worked together to resolve several regional conflicts, including the Syrian Crisis. Despite this trend’s regional and global significance, the literature suffers from an inadequacy …

Payroll Protection Program Increases Eligibility, Marilyn Schlake, Austin Duerfeldt

Cornhusker Economics

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact business-es across the country, the Small Business Administration (SBA) has issued new guidelines for the Payroll Protection Program (PPP) in 2021. These guidelines increase the eligibility rules for self-employed, sole proprietors and 1099 workers, including agricultural producers, that allow them to apply and access the PPP Loan funds.

E- Learning Amongst Library Science Students, Case Of Delta State University, Nigeria During Covid-19 Pandemic Lock Down: Pros And Cons, Mercy Arodovwe Igere

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic around the globe has destabilized academic activities especially as lockdown of all human activities became the only immediate strategy of controlling the spread. Globally, the only palliative for continuing educational activities is the introduction of e-learning system which is new to most institutions of learning in Nigeria. Observation from Delta State University as a case study indicates that, majority of the students complain of the difficulty in applying the implemented e-learning system hence this study explored the e-learning application, its pros and cons under three objectives. The population of the study comprised 370 of library …

Application Of Cloud Computing Technology In Public Library Services In Nigeria: Strategic Framework For Operational Success, C.P.C Onwubiko, Justice Nnamdi Okorie, Blessing C. Onu

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The discourse is all about the application of cloud computing technology in public libraries services in Nigeria. It gives the conceptual overview of cloud computing, features and the service models, which include SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. The paper also discusses cloud deployment storage models in private, community, public, hybrid and personal cloud. The advocates of cloud computing in libraries are highlighted, alongside cloud computing vendors for libraries. Services areas amendable to cloud computing technology, benefit and challenges are featured in the paper. The hallmark of the paper is the presentation of strategic framework for operational success of the application of …