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2021

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Articles 19501 - 19530 of 25348

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

When Animus Matters And Sex Crime Underreporting Does Not: The Problematic Sex Offender Registry, Ira Mark Ellman Jan 2021

When Animus Matters And Sex Crime Underreporting Does Not: The Problematic Sex Offender Registry, Ira Mark Ellman

University of Pennsylvania Journal of Law and Public Affairs

No abstract provided.

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Adaptive Task Allocation In Automated Vehicles, Skye Taylor, Bin Hu, Jing Chen Jan 2021

Adaptive Task Allocation In Automated Vehicles, Skye Taylor, Bin Hu, Jing Chen

Psychology: Interdisciplinary Research in Behavioral Sciences of Transportation Issues

Adaptive task allocation is used in many human-machine systems and has been proven to improve operators’ monitoring and/or performance with automated systems. However, there is little knowledge surrounding the benefits of adaptive task allocation in automated vehicles. In this study, participants were presented with media depicting driving scenarios of both low and high workload at two levels of automation. The participants reported which tasks they felt comfortable allocating to themselves or to the automated system in each driving scenario, as well as whether they would conduct the task allocation manually or have the automated system automatically allocate the tasks. The …

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Ethics Or Self-Preservation? An Online Study Examining Driver Response To On-Road Obstacles During Automated Driving, Helena Kaul, Yusuke Yamani Jan 2021

Ethics Or Self-Preservation? An Online Study Examining Driver Response To On-Road Obstacles During Automated Driving, Helena Kaul, Yusuke Yamani

Psychology: Interdisciplinary Research in Behavioral Sciences of Transportation Issues

In the trolley problem paradigm, a person is faced with an ethical dilemma where they must decide how to distribute inevitable loss of life such as deciding between letting five people die on the tracks in front of a trolley or pulling a lever that causes the trolley to switch to a separate track and kill one person. This online study asked participants to monitor a simulated automated vehicle and intervene if they felt the vehicle should change lanes. The results found that participants intervened roughly 96% of the time when the group of five bollards was in front of …

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How Interesting Is This To You: Rating The Interestingness Of Auditory Clips, Hanna Zakharenko, Yusuke Yamani Jan 2021

How Interesting Is This To You: Rating The Interestingness Of Auditory Clips, Hanna Zakharenko, Yusuke Yamani

Psychology: Interdisciplinary Research in Behavioral Sciences of Transportation Issues

Modern technological environments integrate multiple devices, competing for limited attentional resources of users. This study aimed to validate the auditory stimuli used in Horrey et al. (2017) with a college student population and examine the psychological structure of task engagement. Thirty-nine students listened to thirty-nine auditory stimuli used in Horrey et al. (2017) for their level of engagement. Participants rated how interesting they found the material on a slider from -7 (boring) to 7 (interesting) while listening to each clip. Participants also rated levels of difficulty, entertainment, and likelihood to attend to each clip. Participants who rated high on difficulty, …

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Distracted Pedestrians: Looking Left?, Emma Hood, Bryan E. Porter Jan 2021

Distracted Pedestrians: Looking Left?, Emma Hood, Bryan E. Porter

Psychology: Interdisciplinary Research in Behavioral Sciences of Transportation Issues

Distracted pedestrians, those talking or texting on phones as examples, are potentially at risk when crossing urban intersections. They may lack traffic awareness of risk as distracted drivers often do. The transportation field has limited data on distracted pedestrians. This study aimed to contribute to the literature by observing pedestrian behaviors at four urban-area, downtown crosswalks over five weeks in June-July 2021. Overall, 2,055 pedestrians were observed, with 25.4% being distracted. Common distractions were texting, talking on a cell phone, and using headphones. Chi-square analyses found that while distraction did not predict looking left, one behavior that keeps them out …

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The Nana Yaa Asantewaa War: Analysis Of The Political Institutions Of The Asante During The War Of The Golden Stool And The Existing Narratives, Angela Danso Gyane Jan 2021

The Nana Yaa Asantewaa War: Analysis Of The Political Institutions Of The Asante During The War Of The Golden Stool And The Existing Narratives, Angela Danso Gyane

Senior Independent Study Theses

The War of the Golden Stool was the last in the Anglo-Asante Wars, where the Asante fought against the British colonial agenda. According to the Asante oral history, Nana Yaa Asantewaa was at the forefront of this war. She was the commander, but most of the literature to not reflect this oral history. Therefore, this study seeks to address two essential questions: how did gender dynamics in the Asante Kingdom's political system shape their Resistance against the British in 1900- 01? Moreover, how does the analysis of oral histories from the matrilineal culture of the Asante decenter Western narratives of …

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Forecast La 2021 Conference Book, Fernando J. Guerra, Brianne Gilbert, Mariya Vizireanu, Alejandra Alarcon, Jorge Cortes, Max Dunsker Jan 2021

Forecast La 2021 Conference Book, Fernando J. Guerra, Brianne Gilbert, Mariya Vizireanu, Alejandra Alarcon, Jorge Cortes, Max Dunsker

Forecast LA

2021 Forecast LA: Preparing for the Future of the Region. Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center for the Study of Los Angeles, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California.

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The Liaison Connection Issue 13, University Of Denver, University Libraries Jan 2021

The Liaison Connection Issue 13, University Of Denver, University Libraries

The Liaison Connection

Winter 2021 issue of the Library Liaison Advisory Group newsletter from the University of Denver, University Libraries. The newsletter provides information about library collections, services, and research instruction.

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2021-2 Why Do Couples And Singles Save During Retirement?, Mariacristina De Nardi, Eric French, John Bailey Jones, Rory Mcgee Jan 2021

2021-2 Why Do Couples And Singles Save During Retirement?, Mariacristina De Nardi, Eric French, John Bailey Jones, Rory Mcgee

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

No abstract provided.

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2021-3 Wages, Skills, And Skill-Biased Technical Change: The Canonical Model Revisited, Audra J. Bowlus, Lance Lochner, Chris Robinson, Eda Suleymanoglu Jan 2021

2021-3 Wages, Skills, And Skill-Biased Technical Change: The Canonical Model Revisited, Audra J. Bowlus, Lance Lochner, Chris Robinson, Eda Suleymanoglu

Centre for Human Capital and Productivity. CHCP Working Papers

No abstract provided.

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The Urban-Rural Divide In Canadian Federal Elections, 1896–2019 (Preprint), Dave Armstrong, Jack Lucas, Zack Taylor Jan 2021

The Urban-Rural Divide In Canadian Federal Elections, 1896–2019 (Preprint), Dave Armstrong, Jack Lucas, Zack Taylor

Western Urban and Local Governance Working Papers

Using a new measure of urbanity for every federal electoral district in Canada from 1896 to the present, this article describes the long-term development of the urban-rural in Canadian federal electoral politics. We focus on three questions: (1) when the urban-rural divide has existed in Canada, identifying three main periods – the 1920s, the 1960s, and 1993–present – in which the urban-rural cleavage has been especially important in federal elections (2) where the urban-rural divide has existed, finding that in the postwar period the urban-rural cleavage is a pan-Canadian phenomenon; and (3) how well urbanity predicts district-level election outcomes. We …

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Investing In Entrepreneurship: The Sustainable Solution To Tunisia’S Youth Unemployment Crisis?, Hussein Noureldin Jan 2021

Investing In Entrepreneurship: The Sustainable Solution To Tunisia’S Youth Unemployment Crisis?, Hussein Noureldin

All Reports

Since the Jasmine Revolution of 2011, Tunisia’s youth unemployment crisis has worsened. As of 2020, it has the tenth highest youth unemployment rate in the world at 36.5%. Experts have long identified this as the main challenge to overcoming Tunisia’s economic woes, and reform – from the education and vocational training systems on the supply-side to the job market on the demand-side – must follow the democratic gains achieved since 2011. The failed approach in reducing regional inequality under Ben Ali had an adverse effect, creating unemployment disparities between Tunisia’s affluent coastal cities and its poorer interior regions. As such, …

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Drones Are The New Proxies: Arms Diplomacy As A Turkish Foreign Policy Instrument, Sartaj Javed Jan 2021

Drones Are The New Proxies: Arms Diplomacy As A Turkish Foreign Policy Instrument, Sartaj Javed

All Reports

The rise of the Turkish drone program marks a fundamental shift in national security by democratizing air power, a domain traditionally dominated by the US and Israel. This transition marks an aggressive change in Turkish foreign policy and will be echoed by other nations.

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Impact Of Covid-19 On The Italian And American Healthcare Systems : A Comparative Assessment, Bita Pejam, Jennifer Lam Jan 2021

Impact Of Covid-19 On The Italian And American Healthcare Systems : A Comparative Assessment, Bita Pejam, Jennifer Lam

All Reports

This report aims to examine and assess the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on the healthcare systems of the United States of America and Italy; two of the most heavily affected nations. Using data from December 2019 to January 2021, several consultations, and policy reviews, we identify risks and notable areas of issue in each nations’ approach to combating the virus. We focus our report particularly on the health policies and the governmental structures in place that contributed to each nations’ initial method of alleviating the impact of COVID-19. Our report compares the two healthcare systems and proposes a …

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Bengal Rising: Why Bangladesh & Pakistan’S Growth Trajectories Are Diverging, Sartaj Javed Jan 2021

Bengal Rising: Why Bangladesh & Pakistan’S Growth Trajectories Are Diverging, Sartaj Javed

All Reports

50 years after Henry Kissinger derided the nascent state of Bangladesh as an economic basket case, the country has emerged as the newest claimant to the mantle of being an Asian tiger economy. Borne out of a genocidal civil war with Pakistan, Bangladesh’s rise and Pakistan’s decline over a tumultuous half-century period necessitates a review of foreign policy orthodoxy as South Asia’s populace starts to assert its economic and political might.

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Investing Into Domestic Manufacturing Of Critical Medication And Vaccines For The Federal Government, Sharon Low Jan 2021

Investing Into Domestic Manufacturing Of Critical Medication And Vaccines For The Federal Government, Sharon Low

All Reports

While the federal government has made numerous public announcements regarding their stimulus plan and promises to increase the domestic capacity to produce personal protective equipment, vaccines, and medical equipment, a critical aspect that has been neglected is the serious and ongoing shortages of critical medication. The government has promised to provide 4.28 billion to expand testing and contact tracing capacities, 7.5 billion towards PPE, and 500 million to the provinces and territories for “critical health care system needs and support for mitigation effects.” While these efforts as part of Trudeau’s Safe Restart Agreement are a good place to begin reducing …

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Democracy During A Global Pandemic, Sharon Low Jan 2021

Democracy During A Global Pandemic, Sharon Low

All Reports

Throughout the course of 2020-2021, Canadians have watched and seen our country change fundamentally as a result of the pandemic, whether it be daily routine changes, to the implementation of curfews (in Quebec), or the grey lockdown situation seen throughout southern Ontario. However, the pandemic has created unique challenges that impact democracy and human rights; governments worldwide have reacted to the pandemic in ways that best serve their political interests at the expense of public health and basic freedoms, rather than seeking to protect the civil and personal securities of their citizens.

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What Does A Pandemic Sound Like? The Emergence Of Covid Verbal Art, Karen E. Pennesi Jan 2021

What Does A Pandemic Sound Like? The Emergence Of Covid Verbal Art, Karen E. Pennesi

Anthropology Publications

In times of social upheaval, people create and engage with verbal art for entertainment and a feeling of connection. While millions of people were forced to stay home to reduce the spread of COVID‑19 from March to July 2020, verbal artists posted recorded performances online and viewers had more time than usual to watch and share them. COVID verbal art refers to songs, poems, and comedy skits that mention social and physical distancing, quarantine and isolation, hygiene and cleaning practices, everyday experiences during the pandemic, as well as social and political critiques of policies and practices that explicitly mention COVID‑19 …

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Predicting Donation Behaviour With The Supernumerary Personality Inventory, Christopher M. Kowalski, Bonnie Simpson, Julie Schermer Jan 2021

Predicting Donation Behaviour With The Supernumerary Personality Inventory, Christopher M. Kowalski, Bonnie Simpson, Julie Schermer

Management and Organizational Studies Publications

The present study aimed to broaden the investigation of personality traits and donation behaviour beyond the Five-Factor Model (FFM) framework. A sample of 506 participants completed the Supernumerary Personality Inventory (Paunonen, 2002), reported both their frequency of charitable giving and, given the option to donate potential lottery winnings to a charitable cause, the amount that they would donate. Religiosity was moderately positively correlated with charitable frequency, while integrity was weakly positively correlated with donation amount. Manipulativeness and egotism were weakly negatively correlated with donation amount. Overall, the results show limited evidence for the relevance of Supernumerary Personality Inventory personality traits …

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Structural Violence And Illicit Drug Use Among Youth Living Under Occupation In Palestine, Lian Buwadi Jan 2021

Structural Violence And Illicit Drug Use Among Youth Living Under Occupation In Palestine, Lian Buwadi

2021 Undergraduate Awards

There is no doubt that Palestinians are living in a politically and economically repressive sociopolitical context, due to the brutal Israeli military occupation. As stated in a report by the Palestinian National Institute of Health (PNIH), “Palestinians face political violence, house demolitions, arrests, restrictions to movement, and encroachment on their land” (2017). Moreover, “civilians suffer during conflict and war from destruction of the community infrastructure and from personal stress due to disruption of services and the non-fulfillment of basic human needs” (Giacaman et al., 2004). This often leads to severe mental duress and a higher prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, …

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The Effects Of Parkinson’S Disease, Music Training And Dance Training On Beat Perception And Production Abilities, Prisca Hsu Jan 2021

The Effects Of Parkinson’S Disease, Music Training And Dance Training On Beat Perception And Production Abilities, Prisca Hsu

2021 Undergraduate Awards

Humans naturally perceive and move to a musical beat, entraining body parts to the complex auditory stimuli through clapping, tapping and dancing. Yet the accuracy of this seemingly effortless behavior varies widely across individuals. Beat perception and production abilities can be positively impacted by past experiences, such as music and dance training, and are negatively impacted by progressive neurological changes in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). In this study, we assessed the combined effects of past music or dance training and early-stage PD to determine whether the positive effects of rhythm-based training in healthy adults on beat processing abilities are altered in …

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Measuring Preferences And Behaviours In The 2019 Canadian Election Study, Laura Stephenson, Allison Harell, Daniel Rubenson, Peter John Loewen Jan 2021

Measuring Preferences And Behaviours In The 2019 Canadian Election Study, Laura Stephenson, Allison Harell, Daniel Rubenson, Peter John Loewen

Publications

The 2019 Canadian Election Study (CES) consists of two separate surveys with campaign-period rolling cross-sections and post-election follow-ups. The parallel studies were conducted online and through an RDD-telephone survey. Both continue the long tradition of gathering information about the attitudes, opinions, preferences, and behaviours of the Canadian public. The online survey especially introduces some important innovations that open up the potential for exciting new research on subgroups in the electorate.

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C-Dem Annual Report 2021, Allison Harell, Laura Stephenson Jan 2021

C-Dem Annual Report 2021, Allison Harell, Laura Stephenson

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

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The Stain Of A Criminal Label: Post-Release Stigmatization And Its Effects On Reintegration And Recidivism Among Ex-Offenders, Ashlee N. Quinn-Hogan Jan 2021

The Stain Of A Criminal Label: Post-Release Stigmatization And Its Effects On Reintegration And Recidivism Among Ex-Offenders, Ashlee N. Quinn-Hogan

Sociology Publications

The successful reintegration of ex-offenders into the community is a primary factor in reducing recidivism and protecting the public. However, successful reintegration is often hard to come by. Prior research has examined the ways in which the stigmatic labelling of ex-offenders disrupts their successful re-entry into the community. Further, studies have shown that the stigmatic labelling of ex-offenders by the community plays a prominent role in offender recidivism. The present study examines this prior research and explores how gender, age, race/ethnicity, and class determine the extent of stigmatization that offenders experience. I conclude that some marginalized groups, such as women, …

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What Do We Know About Senior Citizens As Cybervictims? A Rapid Evidence Synthesis, Laura Huey, Lorna Ferguson Jan 2021

What Do We Know About Senior Citizens As Cybervictims? A Rapid Evidence Synthesis, Laura Huey, Lorna Ferguson

Sociology Publications

Internet-based victimization of senior citizens is an important potential threat of growing social, economic, and public policy interest. Given this, we sought to examine whether the existing research base could be used to formulate sound public policy in this area. To do so, we conducted a rapid evidence synthesis and assessment of the research literature from 2010-2020 surrounding three central organizing themes: cyber-related harms, responses and strategies, and prevention programs and solutions. Results reveal that there is an insufficient research base, lack of diverse research topics, and shortage of research beyond that of which is exploratory in nature. However, our …

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Tea With Nancy: Lessons About First Nations Libraries, Community Building, And Creative Librarianship, Sara Clarke Jan 2021

Tea With Nancy: Lessons About First Nations Libraries, Community Building, And Creative Librarianship, Sara Clarke

Creative and Reflexive Projects

No abstract provided.

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Spatial Thinking, Gender And Immaterial Affective Labour In The Post-Fordist Academic Library, Karen P. Nicholson Jan 2021

Spatial Thinking, Gender And Immaterial Affective Labour In The Post-Fordist Academic Library, Karen P. Nicholson

FIMS Publications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use spatial thinking (space-time) as a lens through which to examine the ways in which the socio-economic conditions and values of the post-Fordist academy work to diminish and even subsume the immaterial affective labour of librarians even as it serves to reproduce the academy. Design/methodology/approach – The research question informing this paper asks, In what ways does spatial thinking help us to better understand the immaterial, invisible and gendered labour of academic librarians’ public service work in the context of the post-Fordist university? This question is explored using a conceptual approach …

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To Sing Or To Speak: Closeness Between Mother-Infant Dyads In Different Contexts, Aislinn M. Connor Jan 2021

To Sing Or To Speak: Closeness Between Mother-Infant Dyads In Different Contexts, Aislinn M. Connor

Undergraduate Honours Theses

Past research has demonstrated the influence of a mother on her child’s development. This research has highlighted the importance of closeness in relationships and the abundance of positive outcomes that result from high closeness in early relations, long after infancy. This study used recordings from a previous study on mother-infant dyads to examine observable behaviours indicating closeness in infant-mother dyads, during speech and song episodes. It was hypothesized that the dyads total closeness would be higher in the song condition than the speech condition, which was validated by the results. Further analysis showed a difference in closeness scores within the …

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Interactions Between Brief Virtual Exposure To Natural Environments And Psychological Well-Being, Giuliana Gn Brancato Jan 2021

Interactions Between Brief Virtual Exposure To Natural Environments And Psychological Well-Being, Giuliana Gn Brancato

Undergraduate Honours Theses

Interactions with nature have been associated with improved emotional well-being and attentional functioning. Nature, however, is a broad category, encompassing several ecosystems that are perceptually distinctive (e.g., forests versus countryside fields), making it unclear whether all nature environments improve well-being to similar degrees. Therefore, the current experiment assessed how viewing a brief video of different natural environments, compared to viewing a video of an urban environment, influenced subjective ratings of restoration and psychological well-being. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three video conditions, which depicted a simulated walk through a forest, a countryside field, or an urban city. Immediately …

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Values Affirmation In The Treatment Of Moral Injury: A Pilot Study, Eve G. Chapnik Jan 2021

Values Affirmation In The Treatment Of Moral Injury: A Pilot Study, Eve G. Chapnik

Undergraduate Honours Theses

Mainly studied in the context of military veterans, “moral injury” refers to extreme guilt and shame experienced as a result of perpetrating, bearing witness to, or failing to prevent events that transgress deeply held moral beliefs and expectations. The current pilot study aimed to examine the potential use of a brief values affirmation intervention in the treatment of moral injury associated with everyday moral transgressions. This study included 90 participants recruited from Amazon’s MTurk. Participants completed a survey in which they were assigned to complete either a values affirmation or control task, recall a moral transgression, and reflect on the …

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