Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Reciprocity With Unequal Payoffs: Cooperative And Uncooperative Interactions Affect Disadvantageous Inequity Aversion, Carla Jordão Suarez, Marcelo Frota Benvenuti, Kalliu Carvalho Couto, José Oliveira Siqueira, Josele Abreu-Rodrigues, Karen M. Lionello-Denolf, Ingunn Sandaker

Psychology Department Faculty Works

Cooperation among unrelated individuals can evolve through reciprocity. Reciprocal cooperation is the process in which lasting social interactions provide the opportunity to learn about others' behavior, and to further predict the outcome of future encounters. Lasting social interactions may also decrease aversion to unequal distribution of gains – when individuals accept inequity payoffs knowing about the possibility of future encounters. Thus, reciprocal cooperation and aversion to inequity can be complementary phenomena. The present study investigated the effects of cooperative and uncooperative interactions on participants' aversion to disadvantageous inequity. Participants played an experimental task in the presence of a confederate who …

The Establishment Of Auditory-Visual Equivalence Classes With A Go/No-Go Successive Matching-To-Sample Procedure, Karina N. Zhelezoglo, Robbie J. Hanson, Caio F. Miguel, Karen M. Lionello-Denolf

Psychology Department Faculty Works

The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a go/no-go successive matching-to-sample procedure (S-MTS) to establish auditory–visual equivalence classes with college students. A sample and a comparison were presented, one at a time, in the same location. During training, after an auditory stimulus was presented, a green box appeared in the center of the screen for participants to touch to produce the comparison. Touching the visual comparison that was related to the auditory sample (e.g., A1B1) produced points, while touching or refraining from touching an unrelated comparison (e.g., A1B2) produced no consequences. Following AB/AC training, participants were tested on untrained relations …

A Supply Chain Model For Library Quality And Service Improvement, Nancy Kress, Joel Wisner

LEAN Management Initiative

The key to a library’s success is its ability to effectively and economically deliver services and information that users value. Additionally, the objective of supply chain management is to coordinate the focal firm’s processes and activities with those of its suppliers and customers, such that the firm’s delivered products and services meet or exceed customer requirements. It thus seemed appropriate to analyze a library from a supply chain perspective to assess and improve its ability to serve its users. Consequently, the authors employed an action research methodology to work with library personnel from two departments, User Services and Technical Services, …

The Materiality Of Metaphor In Mayan Hieroglyphic Texts: Metaphor In Changing Political Climates, Dinkel A. Rebecca

Anthropology Theses & Dissertations

Recent research on the discursive and rhetorical forms of Mayan hieroglyphic texts has demonstrated how language and writing were used to frame, not just represent, Pre-Columbian Mayan history. Research on the role of metaphor in this framing has only just begun, and despite the well-known multimodal character of Mayan hieroglyphic texts, research on the role of metaphors in pictorial images has been even more limited. Previous research has not fully documented metaphor variation, particularly as it materializes across different modalities, media, places, and times. Doing so will allow for more subtle and elaborate interpretations of metaphor use and meaning in …

Charitable Giving In The Time Of Covid-19, Nathaniel Barr

Community Ideas Factory: Creative Behavioural Insights

It is hard to overestimate the societal disruption that the COVID-19 pandemic has wrought upon Canada. Perhaps no sector has been as adversely impacted as the charitable sector. Yet, do ordinary Canadians see it that way? And if they do, what are they doing about it? To answer these questions the Community Ideas Factory: Creative Behavioural Insights team at Sheridan College in partnership with the Oakville Community Foundation and BEworks conducted scientifically grounded research across Canada (N = 3000) to gain insight into perceptions and behaviours related to charitable giving during the pandemic. The research also explored and compared the …

Innate Longing For Connection: A Biopsychological View Of Spiritual Longing Mediated By Oxytocin, Megan Hamilton

Honors Projects and Presentations: Undergraduate

Humans have an innate longing for connection with someone or something. Upon analysis of current literature, it was found that this longing correlates with biological and psychological pathways that influence human behavior. Among many factors, the hormone, oxytocin (OT), contributes to these systems and even mediates or buffers them. The effects of OT are evidenced by bonds formed with caregivers, romantic partners, God, and at times harmful substances. The onset and severity of mental illnesses are also partially impacted by this human need for social support and connection. After reviewing and analyzing literature from many domains, this internal hardwiring suggests …

To Influence?: Exploring The Socio-Ecology Of Zoo-Morphic Imagery On The Northern Colorado Plateau, Ralph J. Hartley

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

TO INFLUENCE?: EXPLORING THE SOCIO-ECOLOGY OF ZOO-MORPHIC IMAGERY ON THE NORTHERN COLORADO PLATEAU

Figurative zoo-morphic imagery is but one of a broad variety of created morphologically distinct depictions that can be used, both in isolation and in complexly configured modes of communication, to exploit the sensory responses of viewers. While contemporary observations of zoo-morphic petroglyphs and pictographs (i.e. rock-art) elicit varied interpretations and assignments of meaning relative to broader re-constructions of past socio-cultural systems, it is often assumed that the imagery reflects the creator’s intimate knowledge of behavior and habitat of the subject. In contemporary and recent historic times communicating …

A 3d Point Cloud Deep Learning Approach Using Lidar To Identify Ancient Maya Archaeological Sites, Heather Richards-Rissetto, David Newton, Aziza Al Zadjali

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems allow archaeologists to capture 3D data of anthropogenic landscapes with a level of precision that permits the identification of archaeological sites in difficult to reach and inaccessible regions. These benefits have come with a deluge of LIDAR data that requires significant and costly manual labor to interpret and analyze. In order to address this challenge, researchers have explored the use of state-of-the-art automated object recognition algorithms from the field of deep learning with success. This previous research, however, has been limited to the exploration of deep learning processes that work with only 2D …

Modelling Acoustics In Ancient Maya Cities: Moving Towards A Synesthetic Experience Using Gis & 3d Simulation, Graham Goodwin, Heather Richards-Rissetto

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Archaeological analyses have successfully employed 2D and 3D tools to measure vision and movement within cityscapes; however, built environments are often designed to invoke synesthetic experiences. GIS and Virtual Reality (VR) now enable archaeologists to also measure the acoustics of ancient spaces. To move toward an understanding of synesthetic experience in ancient Maya cities, we employ GIS and 3D modelling to measure sound propagation and reverberation using the main civic-ceremonial complex in ancient Copán as a case study. For the ancient Maya, sight and sound worked in concert to create ritually-charged atmospheres and architecture served to shape these experiences. Together …

Pesticide Usage Is Compromising People’S Health In The United States: Ideas For Reducing Damages, Terence J. Centner

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

The development of synthetic pesticides has provided new tools for addressing troublesome pests. A review of parts of the registration process for pesticides in the United States identifies an outdated evaluation system that undervalues health damages. Registration fails to adequately consider co-formulants and effects of exposure to multiple chemicals. Frustration with failures to protect people and property from damages accompanying pesticide usage has led injured plaintiffs to resort to tort lawsuits to secure relief. However, litigation involves compensating injured persons after they are injured rather than preventing injury. A more proactive approach would be to prevent situations that injure people. …

High Bmi Predicts Attention To Less Healthy Product Sets: Can A Prompt Lead To Consideration Of Healthier Sets Of Products?, Christopher Gustafson, Kristina Arslain, Devin Rose

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

While the food environment has been implicated in diet-related health disparities, individuals’ ability to shape the food environment by limiting attention to a subset of products has not been studied. We examine the relationship between BMI category and consideration set—the products the individual considers before making a final choice—in an online hypothetical shopping experiment. Specifically, we focus on the healthiness of the consideration set the individual selected. Secondly, we examined the interaction of a health prompt (versus a no-prompt control) with BMI category on the healthiness of the consideration set. We used linear probability models to document the relationship between …

Factors Associated With Smoking In Low-Income Persons With And Without Chronic Illness, Monique T. Cano, David L. Pennington, Sara Reyes, Blanca S. Pineda, Jazmin Llamas, Vyjeyanthi S. Periyakoil, Ricardo F. Muñoz

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION Tobacco disparities persist among low-income smokers who seek care from safety-net clinics. Many of these patients suffer from chronic illnesses (CILs) that are associated with and exacerbated by smoking. The objective of the current study was to examine the differences between safety-net patients with and without CILs in terms of nicotine dependence and related factors (such as depression, anxiety) and self-efficacy regarding ability to abstain from smoking. METHODS Sixty-four low-income smokers who thought about or intended to quit smoking were recruited from the San Francisco Health Network (SFHN) and assessed for CILs, nicotine dependence, depression, anxiety, and smoking abstinence …

Does Self-Objectification Entail An Opposition Between Appearance And Competence? The Likert Version Of The Self-Objectification Questionnaire (Lsoq), Robin Wollast, Oliver Klein, Dawn M. Vanleeuwen, Sarah J. Gervais, Philippe Bernard

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

We propose a new method to test the reliability of Fredrickson et al.’s self-objectification questionnaire (SOQ). This scale being based on a ranking, traditional reliability estimates are inappropriate. Based on generalizability theory, we suggest to compute the reliability of each subset of questions related to physical appearance vs. physical competence separately in order to average them. We applied this method to a sample of female US undergraduates (n = 395) and evidenced that the reliability of the scale is very low (corrected Cronbach’s alpha = .31). We also noted that a large proportion of the sample (32%) failed to …

In The Belly Of The Beast: The Legacy Of Puerto Rican Women In The Development Of Anti- Imperialist Feminism, Grace Amato

Gender, Sexuality, and Intersectionality Studies Honors Papers

No abstract provided.

Understanding Food Insecurity, Maxwell Stapleton

FCS Advocacy Posters

Food insecurity is a widespread issue plaguing roughly 12.3% of households in the United States, which is a total of roughly 15.6 million families. It is defined as the limited or uncertain access to adequate and nutritious food. At times, it is struggling to find any food at all and wondering when your next meal will be. Food insecure areas tend to have less supermarkets and convenience stores, resulting in lower availability of healthy food options like fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and more.

Covid-19 And Its Impact, Katherine Dowling

FCS Advocacy Posters

This presentation is about the impact of Covid-19 on marginalized communities in the U.S. I will be talking about Covid-19 from the beginning all the way to the present time. Since this is an ongoing pandemic there is more information that comes out every day about it. I will be talking about the impact Covid-19 had not only on the communities but also about how the vaccine rollout targeted specific audiences.

Egg Replacements In Vegan Cookies, Haley Bryant, Ben Declue

2021 Research Posters

Researchers tested several vegan egg replacements in cookies to find one that resulted in product most similar to a cookie with eggs. It was hypothesized that flaxseed would be the best overall scoring egg replacement for vegan, egg-free chocolate chip cookies. Each egg replacement was tested in a controlled environment while recording the times and temperatures of each baking trial. The flaxseed egg replacement cookie scored closest to the control cookie after being evaluated.

Acceptability Of Low-Carb Pizza Crust, Sara Hasty, Megan Karlie

2021 Research Posters

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects how the body turns food into useable energy. This public health issue has been growing worldwide. In 2014 the WHO stated 422 million adults had diabetes and 1.6 million deaths are caused by diabetes each year.

The purpose of this study was to create a completely low-carb alternative to a conventional pizza crust, lower the sugars/carbs, provide nutritional value, and still produce an acceptable and palatable result. The hypothesis of the experiment is that by replacing all-purpose flour and granulated sugar with almond flour and a vegetable, a pizza crust can be made …

Unprocessed Vegan Brownies, Mckenzie Derennaux, Georgie Menzel

2021 Research Posters

The goal was to make a vegan brownie that was an unprocessed version of our control, and that is just as enjoyable, if not more enjoyable, than a traditional brownie.

The target population is people who want to live a whole food driven diet, those who are plant-based, and for those who have high cholesterol and heart disease.

The ingredients of the unprocessed vegan brownies are more whole-food and plant-based, with zero added sugar, less salt, and no cholesterol.

Due to time restraints for trials within the study the researchers feel that the goal was not met in the four …

The Effects Of Varying Types And Amounts Of Ingredients In Vegan, Gluten-Free Fudge, Shane Chilson

2021 Research Posters

Fudge is typically comprised of refined sugars and animal products. Rising demands for plant-based confectionary products signifies a niche market for vegan fudge products. This experiment will utilize four experiments with three samples each of vegan fudge. The experiments build upon the preferences from respondents.

Is There Such A Thing As The Perfect Macaroni And Cheese?, Sara Luebbers, Tiffany Merkle

2021 Research Posters

Researchers set out to create the perfect Macaroni and Cheese combination. Measuring stretchability, moisture content, as well as cheese combinations. Four paired comparison trials were carried out in a controlled college campus environment. Researchers found that finding the perfect cheese mix is more difficult to accomplish than anticipated.

Reducing Fat In Alfredo Sauce Recipes, Claire Dalton, Alison Griffith

2021 Research Posters

The Standard American Diet includes high intakes of processed foods and saturated fat. The Standard American Diet has been implicated in contributing to the health challenges experienced in the United States such as obesity and chronic pain. The goal of this experiment is to reduce the fat content of cream sauce and receive similar scores among a group of panelists/taste testers in flavor, texture, appearance, and overall likeability to a full fat sauce. The results showed that although the scores of the low-fat recipes were not as high as the full fat recipe, a close alternative was found while reducing …

Unique Features Of The Person Class In Cultural Heritage Models, Brian Dobreski, Barbara H. Kwaśnik

School of Information Sciences -- Faculty Publications and Other Works

Knowledge organizations systems (KOSs) model important entities of interest within a domain. In the cultural heritage domain, KOSs are often designed around cultural information resources, though many other kinds of entities must be modeled and described in the process. Of these, the “person” entity may appear straightforward, but is surprisingly challenging with complex implications. Within cultural heritage, personhood is closely associated with certain kinds of creative responsibilities and rights, though modern technological advances are challenging these traditional notions. In an era marked by AI creators, digital recreations of the dead, and deepfakes, it is worth asking, in cultural heritage, what …

Denial Of Driver’S Licenses As A Denial Of Services For And Personhood Of Unauthorized Latinx Immigrants In Knoxville, Tennessee: A Literature Review, Blake Turpin

Haslam Scholars Projects

After the events of September 11, 2001, the United States enacted and expanded multiple policies and programs aimed at addressing national security concerns and racialized anti-immigrant sentiments. These included the creation of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the REAL ID Act of 2005, Section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, the Secure Communities Program, and the Criminal Alien Program, among others. These policies and programs, along with general anti-Latinx immigrant sentiments, have had far-reaching effects on the ability of this population to access basic needs, fully participate in society as members of the United States, and fully realize a …

2020 Medieval Object Assignment And Instructions, Maryanne Kowaleski

Digital Pedagogy: Omeka Medieval London

Assignment with instructions on researching the medieval object and loading metadata and images into the Omeka digital platform for each item and exhibition.

Social Work And Artificial Intelligence: Into The Matrix, Lauri Goldkind

Social Service Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

“That’S The Beauty Of It”: Practitioners Describe The Affordances Of Direct To Consumer Tele-Mental Health, Lauri Goldkind, Lea Wolf

Social Service Faculty Publications

Abstract Tele-mental health, or the provision of remote counseling services, has been available for decades. This qualitative study uses the framework of affordances, derived from Gibson, to examine what social work practitioners working on direct to consumer tele-mental health (DTCTMH) platforms are discovering about the features, benefits, and constraints of virtual therapy. An interpretive phenomenological approach was employed to document the lived experiences of social workers who practice in this manner. According to the practitioners interviewed, for a subset of individuals seeking treatment, DTCTMH can offer meaningful interpersonal interaction that confers benefit. Key affordances include accessibility, anonymity, meaningful work, autonomy, …

Developing Cultural Competence Among 4-H Leaders, Breanna L. Lewis Wade, Devin Boggs Riley, Jacquelyn D. Wiersma-Mosley, Betsy Garrison

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Access, equity, diversity, and inclusion are essential elements of 4-H’s goals related to positive youth development and organizational sustainability. The 4-H organization has impacted over 6 million youth worldwide and continues to grow every day. At the county, state, and national level, 4-H programs have grown more diverse, making it essential that 4-H programs encourage and highlight cultural similarities and differences through education. However, training in cultural competence for 4-H leaders is lacking, which is the bridge to connecting diversity and inclusion. Cultural competency is an awareness of one’s own cultural identity and the ability to interact effectively and appropriately …

Long-Term Changes In Soil Surface Properties As Affected By Management Practices In A Wheat-Soybean, Double-Crop System, Machaela L. Morrison, Kristofor R. Brye University Of Arkansas

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Long-term agricultural sustainability and productivity are controlled by the integrative effects of different management practices on the soil. Many Arkansas producers use the double-crop system to grow soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of agricultural management practices, including residue level, tillage, irrigation, burning, and soil depth on the change in various soil properties from 2010 to 2020 in a long-term, wheat-soybean, double-crop system on a silt-loam soil (Glossaquic Fraglossudalfs) in eastern Arkansas. Soil nutrients tended to accumulate over time, the most in the top 10 cm, …

The Role Of Peer Irrigators On The Choice And Intensity Of Use Of Irrigation Techniques, Noah Hayward, Kent Kovacs

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The use and the proportion of farmland that uses prominent irrigation practices in Arkansas were evaluated. A bivariate sample selection model evaluated the determinants of the share of irrigated land in a farm that uses each practice. In addition, the relationship between the irrigation practices a peer uses and the use and intensity of five common irrigation practices was evaluated. If a peer of an Arkansas farmer used center pivot irrigation, this increased the probability that the farmer used center pivot irrigation by 66 percentage points. A peer that used pivot irrigation decreased the proportion of irrigated land that used …