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Articles 21781 - 21810 of 25353
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Time Course And Interaction Of Emoji And Text Processing During Natural Reading : Evidence From Eye Movements, Eliza Barach
The Time Course And Interaction Of Emoji And Text Processing During Natural Reading : Evidence From Eye Movements, Eliza Barach
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Emojis are nonverbal elements used in text-based communication that may function like gestures in spoken communication (Feldman et al., 2017; McCulloch & Gawne, 2018). Like words, emojis can convey semantic information and support message comprehension (Lo, 2008; Riordan, 2017b). Nevertheless, the cognitive and perceptual processes involved in emoji recognition and integration during reading remain unclear. Specifically, it is unclear how early semantic processing of emojis begins as well as how emojis and text interact during reading. Such empirical questions have implications for contemporary models of eye movement control, such as E-Z Reader (Reichle et al., 1998, 2012) and SWIFT (Engbert …
A Cross Cultural Comparison Of Asian College Students' Well-Being : Exploring The Impact Of Cultural Factors In A Social Cognitive Framework, Jennifer Joy Bordon
A Cross Cultural Comparison Of Asian College Students' Well-Being : Exploring The Impact Of Cultural Factors In A Social Cognitive Framework, Jennifer Joy Bordon
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study tested the cross-cultural validity of a modified version of Lent and Brown’s (2006, 2008) satisfaction model. Hypothesized predictors and mediators included social-cognitive variables (supports, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goal progress), personality variables (extraversion and emotional stability), self-construal variables (interdependence and independence), as well as a variable that is specifically rooted in Asian culture (i.e., academic family shame). Data of 315 Asian American and 260 Singaporean college students were collected using an online survey in English. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, showing satisfactory fit of the modified model for both samples. For the Asian American …
Associations Between Adolescent Aggressive Behavior Problems With Distinct Parental Monitoring And Parental Knowledge : Mothering Versus Fathering, Panpan Yang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Research with a focus on adolescent aggression often measures parental monitoring and parental knowledge interchangeably. However, parental monitoring refers to parent-driven behaviors that are related but distinct from parental knowledge. Mixed measures of parental monitoring and parental knowledge may lead to misunderstanding about how these parenting behaviors are related to adolescent aggression. This study aims to uncover the possible unique associations between adolescent aggression and parental monitoring as well as parental knowledge by 1) distinguishing the measure of parental monitoring from the measure of parental knowledge and 2) simultaneously controlling for these two dimensions of parenting with each other. Five-wave …
Trajectories Of Human Capital Accumulation After Women's Transition To Motherhood In The Us : Determinants And Consequences, Weihui Zhang
Trajectories Of Human Capital Accumulation After Women's Transition To Motherhood In The Us : Determinants And Consequences, Weihui Zhang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The life sequence and human capital accumulation of women have changed in the US. This dissertation intends to propose three interrelated studies that investigate the possible trajectories of human capital accumulation after women’s transition to motherhood, the determinants of these trajectories, and the implications for women and their children’s wellbeing. Driven by the life course perspective, the cumulative advantage and disadvantage theory, and Bourdieu’s cultural framework, this dissertation uses mothers’ vocational training experiences to identify distinct trajectories over time in the first study. This dissertation then investigates how mothers’ cumulative training experiences affect children’s well-being in the second study. Finally, …
Roaring Tiger Or Bounce Tigger? : Examining Corruption Seriousness Perception In China From A Socio-Cultural Perspective, Yunhan Zhao
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Recent years have witnessed a steadily increasing scholarly interest in perceptions of corruption, particularly in terms of level and prevalence. However, previous studies have largely overlooked perceived seriousness as another unique dimension of corruption perception. Furthermore, previous studies seeking causes of corruption perception have failed to consider cultural factors at either the individual or aggregate level as potential predictors. To fill the gap, the current dissertation employs the 2014 Chinese Family Panel Studies and other relevant data to explore the relationships between corruption seriousness perception and cultural factors. This dissertation strategically examines two individual cultural attachments (i.e., Confucianism and Legalism …
Perceiving Organization As An Entity : The Relationship Of Entitativity And Organizational Justice Perception, Wei Zhuang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Entitativity is an important group construct that has received little attention in the organizational psychology literature. The current study based on 343 employed individuals explores the potential role of entitativity perceptions of organizations on the relationship between justice perceptions and employees’ emotional and behavioral reactions. Results of a three-wave survey study suggest that entitativity perceptions are positively associated with employees’ experienced gratitude toward organizations but have no relationship with employees experienced anger toward organizations. In addition, this study provides evidence that positive emotions can mediate the effect of justice perceptions on positive behavioral outcomes, and negative emotions can mediate the …
Higher Education Under Market Forces How The "Transnational Shadow Education" Industry Emerged And Persisted To Help Taiwanese Students To Study In The U.S, Kenneth Han Chen
Higher Education Under Market Forces How The "Transnational Shadow Education" Industry Emerged And Persisted To Help Taiwanese Students To Study In The U.S, Kenneth Han Chen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
My dissertation examines the marketization of higher education, drawing on empirical case studies from Taiwanese students using “education agents” to apply to U.S. colleges and universities. I argue that without these intermediary agents, applicants and parents may be left flying blindly amid uncertainties, emotional distress, and interpersonal tension in families during children’s admission. The existing sociological literature and higher education research mainly concentrates on studying national policies and formal higher education institutions (universities and research institutes), but the private market research is relatively insufficient. Also, the research on international students' transnational movement mostly started from the viewpoint of the students' …
Black Women Social Workers : A Qualitative Exploration Of Stress And Coping, Collina D. Cooke
Black Women Social Workers : A Qualitative Exploration Of Stress And Coping, Collina D. Cooke
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Black women social workers (BWSW) represent essential workforce members. They are burdened by overlapping expectations associated with their multiple marginalized and unique identities. Their definitions of stress and creation of strategies to deal with highly stressful situations have been absent from the research literature, leaving intervention strategies to support highly stressed BWSW unknown. This study was developed to explore stress perceptions and holistic manifestations of stress. A primary focus was to highlight the coping responses used by BWSW to decrease stress levels. In addition, the researcher sought to investigate various ways organizations have created stressful situations for BWSW and identify …
Emotion Regulation And Executive Functioning : A Comparison Of Collegiate Taekwondo Athletes, Other Athletes, And Non-Athletes, Rae Danett Drach
Emotion Regulation And Executive Functioning : A Comparison Of Collegiate Taekwondo Athletes, Other Athletes, And Non-Athletes, Rae Danett Drach
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Emotion regulation and executive functioning are intricate processes that allow individuals to initiate, inhibit, or modulate emotions and behaviors in service of personally-relevant goals in familiar, novel, and ambiguous contexts. Research has demonstrated that exercise improves emotion regulation and executive functioning. Recently, researchers have started investigating whether mindful exercise – physical exercise that incorporates an inwardly directed, non-judgmental, contemplative focus – explicitly strengthens these capabilities. As a martial art and sport that combines training in body movement and mental focus, taekwondo is a globally popular example of mindful exercise that may benefit affective and cognitive processes. The current study examined …
Cuerpos Femeninos En Concursos De Mujeres O 'Reinados' En Colombia, 1991-2018, Ernesto L. Ebratt
Cuerpos Femeninos En Concursos De Mujeres O 'Reinados' En Colombia, 1991-2018, Ernesto L. Ebratt
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Incorporando perspectivas sociológicas y feministas sobre el cuerpo e información clave obtenida durante el trabajo de campo realizado en Colombia (entrevistas cualitativas y búsqueda de archivos), esta disertación explora las dinámicas entre las experiencias de los cuerpos femininos y fuerzas sociales en el contexto de la globalización neoliberal durante el periodo de 1991 a 2018 en Colombia. Este proyecto se concentra en tres competencias de mujeres: el Reinado Nacional de Belleza, el Reinado de la Independencia y el Reinado Wayyú. Documenta las experiencias o historias individuales de las concursantes acerca de sus cuerpos dentro y fuera de las competencias, sus …
Dominican Spanish In New York : Language Attitudes And Variation Of Final /ɾ/ And /L/, Gabriel Valentín Guadalupe
Dominican Spanish In New York : Language Attitudes And Variation Of Final /ɾ/ And /L/, Gabriel Valentín Guadalupe
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The objective of this dissertation is to contribute to the growing body of research on sociolinguistic variation of final liquids in Caribbean Spanish in a language and dialectal contact situation. To achieve that objective, this study analyzes the Spanish of Dominicans in the New York Metropolitan Area. The dissertation has two main goals. The first is to describe language attitudes among Dominicans in New York. Data extracted from questionnaires are analyzed to show how Dominicans evaluate their varieties of Spanish and those of others. Additionally, the dissertation looks at whether inter- and intra-group interactions affect language attitudes. The second goal …
Mental Health In Vegans : The Importance Of Accounting For Identities, Stereotypes, And Experiences Of Discrimination, Sydney Heiss
Mental Health In Vegans : The Importance Of Accounting For Identities, Stereotypes, And Experiences Of Discrimination, Sydney Heiss
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Introduction. Academic work on vegans is biased towards studying educated White women, despite evidence that vegans having varying identities. The lack of diversity in research has implications for our understanding of psychological issues that affect vegans. Data regarding mental health of vegans is mixed, due to a failure to account for differing identities and experiences. Past work has shown gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity/race, and experiences with discrimination to impact mental health. More work is needed to examine moderators of mental health outcomes among diverse groups of vegans. Methods. This cross-sectional study surveyed a demographically diverse sample of vegan participants (n …
Remote Math Or Remotely Math? : A Qualitative Study Of The Challenges Of A Covid-19 Induced Transition To Ict-Based Teaching For High School Mathematics Teachers, David Hurst
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In the blink of an eye schools across the country closed their doors in March 2020 and teachers were forced to transition from face-to-face instruction within a brick-and-mortar setting to ICT-based remote teaching. Many high school mathematics teachers were accustomed to their students having devices as their schools had established 1:1 computing programs. Even so, not all teachers had fully embraced ICT enhanced instruction in their classrooms. Research has shown that the degree of ICT utilization in a classroom has a strong positive correlation with the comfort level of the teacher. The COVID-19 closures required teachers to incorporate ICT in …
Impact Of Camouflaging On Females With Autism, Cortney Janicki-Menzie
Impact Of Camouflaging On Females With Autism, Cortney Janicki-Menzie
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Females with autism spectrum disorder are an underrepresented group in the autism literature that is in need of greater understanding. Growing evidence suggests that autistic females have a unique clinical presentation of symptoms and they are more frequently camouflaging their autism characteristics to fit in with peers. While support for social camouflaging theory builds, little attention has been paid to the effects of camouflaging on outcomes for females with autism. The current study proposes that females with autism will demonstrate greater use of camouflaging behaviors and that camouflaging behaviors will predict adverse outcomes for these women. Specific outcomes addressed in …
Methamphetamine-Induced Modulation Of Anxiety/Depressive-Like Behaviors And Hpa Axis Output : Contributing Factors Within Stress Associated Brain Regions, Jason Jacobskind
Methamphetamine-Induced Modulation Of Anxiety/Depressive-Like Behaviors And Hpa Axis Output : Contributing Factors Within Stress Associated Brain Regions, Jason Jacobskind
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Methamphetamine (MA) is a psychostimulant drug of addiction that induces a wide range ofeffects. Among its many side effects is the potentiation of cellular, physiological, and behavioral changes in the stress response system. Upon exposure, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is initiated. This process entails many factors. Receiving input from other brain regions, the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus secretes corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin into the anterior pituitary gland. These together stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenocorticotropic hormone, which circulates via the blood stream to cause the release of glucocortoicoids, the stress hormone (CORT). Binding of glucocorticoids …
Can Transparency Transform Governments? : Effects Of Financial Information Disclosure On Management, Citizens, And Elected Officials, Hyewon Kang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Financial information disclosure affects decision makings of important stakeholders of financial management in governments. Financial information disclosure can operate as an accountability tool by reducing? the information asymmetry between governments and citizens. Using data from U.S. state and local governments, this dissertation examines how financial information disclosure affects decisions made by local government managers, citizens, and elected officials. The first essay examines whether setting financial performance targets by state governments improves local governments’ financial performance. Using the framework developed from the performance management literature, the study tests the effectiveness of New York State’s fiscal stress monitoring system. The second essay …
Longitudinal Examination Of Contextual Risk, Promotive Factors, And Psychosocial Functioning Using Structural Equation Modeling With A Sample Of Serious Adolescent Offenders, Daniel J. Knauer
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Mental health problems, including substance use problems, are more prevalent among adolescent criminal offenders than among the general population and are associated with an elevated risk of re-offending. It is important to understand what factors are associated with serious adolescent offenders’ future mental health and re-offending outcomes to promote their positive development. This study examined potential mechanisms behind established relationships between risk factors for mental health and criminal offending and psychosocial outcomes while integrating ecological theory and a risk and protective framework. To do this, a mediation model was examined using structural equation modeling in which contextual risk was hypothesized …
Racism, Mental Health And The Role Of Racial Conflict For Multiracial People, Christina Martin
Racism, Mental Health And The Role Of Racial Conflict For Multiracial People, Christina Martin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: This study examined the moderating role of racial conflict among the relation between experiences of racial discrimination and mental health (psychological distress and psychological well-being) for the multiracial sub-group. Furthermore, this study was among the first to also explore how multifaceted identity choice/racial self-identification was associated with racism, racial tension, and mental health. Methods: Two hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to assess the potential moderation effect of racial conflict on the relationships between racism and mental health for 242 multiracial adults using survey design and recruitment methods through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and social media. Results: As predicted, experiences of …
Behavioral, Endocrine, And Neural Responses To Stress In Postpartum And Nulliparous Rats : Potential Mechanisms Of Postpartum Stress Resilience, Joanna Medina
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Major depressive disorder is one of the most pervasive psychiatric illnesses in the United States. Women are at greater risk for developing depression, particularly during their childbearing years. Approximately 17% of new mothers develop postpartum depression within 4 weeks after parturition. The risk for postpartum depression is even greater in women who do not breastfeed or stop breastfeeding early. Major depressive disorder and postpartum depression share the same symptomology and common etiological bases. Dysregulated stress responses, dopamine activity, and neuroinflammation are recognized mechanisms for depression. The transition to motherhood encompasses physiological and behavioral adaptations in the brain essential for ensuring …
Examining Cognitive And Behavioral Inflexibility : A Transdiagnostic Process Underpinning Maladaptive Exercise Behaviors And Attitudes, Mckenzie Miller
Examining Cognitive And Behavioral Inflexibility : A Transdiagnostic Process Underpinning Maladaptive Exercise Behaviors And Attitudes, Mckenzie Miller
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: Cognitive and behavioral inflexibility, or the inability to respond flexibly and adaptively to changing environmental demands, are hallmark features of eating disorders (ED). Individuals with EDs exhibit inflexibility across domains, often including in exercise behaviors, manifesting as exercise dependence and rigid workout routines. The purpose of this study was to assess how different motives for exercise are differentially associated with cognitive and behavioral flexibility, a marker of EDs. To the extent that inflexibility in exercise is a risk factor and symptom of disordered eating, increasing cognitive and behavioral flexibility as it relates to physical activity may be an effective …
El Cyborg En El Papel : Virtualidad Digital En La Novela Hispanoamericana Contemporánea (2000-2018), Jaime Mundo
El Cyborg En El Papel : Virtualidad Digital En La Novela Hispanoamericana Contemporánea (2000-2018), Jaime Mundo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
El propósito de esta disertación es explorar cómo la narrativa contemporánea hispanoamericana representa la virtualidad digital. La noción de virtualidad está influenciada por la teoría de la crítica cultural y literaria Katherine Hayles que argumenta que la virtualidad es la percepción cultural de que los objetos materiales están interpenetrados por patrones de información. La noción de virtualidad digital en esta tesis no apunta a un mundo alternativo, sino que está ligada a lo que sucede en el espacio de interacción entre el individuo y el dispositivo tecnológico. Las novelas analizadas en esta disertación crean una visión de sistemas y dispositivos …
Understanding Awol As A Crisis Response In Out-Of-Home Placement Settings, Stephen James Oby Jr
Understanding Awol As A Crisis Response In Out-Of-Home Placement Settings, Stephen James Oby Jr
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Youth elopement from out-of-home placement settings, an act colloquially referred to as AWOL, is a frequent and extremely risky outcome for youth and a key concern for child welfare entities. AWOL is hypothesized here as a maladaptive coping response to the experience of out-of-home placement as a crisis-inducing event. Conceiving of AWOL as a response to a crisis state redefines apparent risk factors as crisis origins and enables an understanding of which youth may experience a removal and out-of-home placement event as crisis inducing. Factors related to AWOL outcomes are embedded within an ecological systems framework and the interactions between …
Decentralized Mechanisms For Coordinating Citizen Participation, Cesar Renteria
Decentralized Mechanisms For Coordinating Citizen Participation, Cesar Renteria
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Decentralization has been an alternative mechanism of coordination to bureaucratic control. Although decentralization is a very old idea, we do not have enough clarity about how decentralization works and how this alternative can effectively help to overcome some of the problems attributed to traditional bureaucracies. In this dissertation, I bring further insights into the decentralization of decisions through two angles. First, by studying how and for what purposes crowdsourcing, a novel technology-based practice used to decentralize decisions and tasks towards citizens, has been used in government (Chapters 2 and 3). Second, by studying the process of decentralization of decisions within …
Get Off Of Your Phone And Into Your Life : Elucidating Contributions Of Anxiety, Depression, And Psychological Inflexibility On Problematic Smartphone Use, Max Zachary Roberts
Get Off Of Your Phone And Into Your Life : Elucidating Contributions Of Anxiety, Depression, And Psychological Inflexibility On Problematic Smartphone Use, Max Zachary Roberts
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is a growing behavioral health problem; onethat is associated with depression and anxiety. The aim of the present study was to elucidate proceses that may account for such relations, with specific attention on a multidimentional transdiagnostic construct known as psychological inflexibility (PI). Methods: Undergraduates (N = 549; Mage = 18.84, SDage = 1.26; 62.7% female) completed a survey battery assessing PI and its six component processes, problematic smartphone use, and depression and anxiety. We tested PI, and then its six component processes, as mediators of relations between anxiety and depression and PSU. We also reversed …
Investigating The Role Of Therapist-Client Discussion Of Illness Beliefs On Clients' Treatment Outcome Expectancies And Perceptions Of Working Alliance, Sarah Davina Slotkin
Investigating The Role Of Therapist-Client Discussion Of Illness Beliefs On Clients' Treatment Outcome Expectancies And Perceptions Of Working Alliance, Sarah Davina Slotkin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The working alliance, conceptualized as an emotional bond and client/therapist agreement on tasks and goals is considered integral to psychotherapy success. However, the mechanisms by which the working alliance develops are poorly understood. The Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation is well supported in understanding the role of patient illness beliefs in physical health management. The present study evaluated the role of discussion of psychotherapy clients’ illness beliefs in the development of working alliance in psychotherapy. Further, the contribution of client expectations for psychotherapy on treatment outcomes was investigated as the mechanism by which discussion of illness beliefs contributes to the …
Tick Bites And Blood Relations : Regional Relationships And Interpretations Of Lyme Disease Risk In New York's Hudson River Corridor, Jessica Somers
Tick Bites And Blood Relations : Regional Relationships And Interpretations Of Lyme Disease Risk In New York's Hudson River Corridor, Jessica Somers
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Lyme disease is a bacterial pathogen that spreads from animals to humans through bites from blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). The disease is a public health problem causing both physical suffering and increased health care spending since the 1980s. A snapshot of Lyme disease coverage in the popular media shows that most people prioritize conversations about Lyme disease diagnosis and treatment over prevention concerns. Anthropology has recently examined peoples’ anxieties and debates regarding the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease in the United States. There has been less work within the discipline on Lyme and tick-borne disease risk perceptions. This dissertation …
Initial Implementation Of The Arc Model In A Residential Treatment Center : A Program Evaluation, Melyssa Sweet
Initial Implementation Of The Arc Model In A Residential Treatment Center : A Program Evaluation, Melyssa Sweet
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Since its inception, residential treatment has been expected to continuously evolve and adapt. Most recently, change in the field has revolved around accountability and the incorporation of evidence-based practices. Among those practices include trauma-informed approaches as an effort to meet the ever-changing and increasingly significant needs of youth in care. Although randomized control-trials remain the gold standard for demonstrating effectiveness in residential treatment remains, program evaluation has been acknowledged as a more viable assessment tool.
A Conversation On Activism, Solidarity, And Burnout In The Academy, Bernadette Marie Calafell, Ersula J. Ore
A Conversation On Activism, Solidarity, And Burnout In The Academy, Bernadette Marie Calafell, Ersula J. Ore
Critical Race and Ethnic Studies Faculty Scholarship
Drs. Ersula J. Ore and Bernadette Marie Calafell were invited to discuss their experiences with activism in the academy. They discuss what’s at stake and the costs (both emotional and financial) as well as issues of trauma and burnout.
Problematizing The Relationship Between Cultural, Social, And Political Capital And Graduate Student Participation In A Community Engagement Professional Association, Lori E. Kniffin Ph.D., Trina L. Van Schyndel, Elizabeth G. Fornaro
Problematizing The Relationship Between Cultural, Social, And Political Capital And Graduate Student Participation In A Community Engagement Professional Association, Lori E. Kniffin Ph.D., Trina L. Van Schyndel, Elizabeth G. Fornaro
Leadership Faculty Publications
The Graduate Student Network (GradSN) brings together emerging scholars who have an interest in research on service-learning and community engagement (SLCE). In this reflective essay, we problematize the relationship between social, cultural, and economic capital and graduate student participation in the GradSN, specifically the GradSN chair role. To begin, we share the origins, process, and initial findings of a collaborative autoethnographic study that involved a group of seven past, present, and incoming chairs. Participation in this study led us to question what barriers exist for graduate student participation in the GradSN, resulting in this reflective essay. Second, we share the …
“I Am Strong. Mentally Strong!”: Psychosocial Strengths Of International Graduate Students Of Color., S. Andiavalli, L. Dianne Borders, Lori E. Kniffin Ph.D.
“I Am Strong. Mentally Strong!”: Psychosocial Strengths Of International Graduate Students Of Color., S. Andiavalli, L. Dianne Borders, Lori E. Kniffin Ph.D.
Leadership Faculty Publications
Positioned at a unique intersection of managing academic pressures and embodying racial and ethnic minority identity status, international graduate students of color (IGSCs) are frequent targets of multiple stressors. Unfortunately, extant counseling literature offers counselors little information on the psychosocial strengths IGSCs employ (e.g., strong familial bond, friendships) to cope with such stressors. To address this gap, interviews with eight IGSC participants were conducted and analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis and the lens of the intersectionality framework. Five psychosocial strengths were identified—familial support, social connections, academic aspirations and persistence, personal growth and resourcefulness, and resistance and critical consciousness. Recommendations for …