Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Marshall Residential Development, Kimberly Smith

2022 Fall Reports (Marshall, IL)

Introduction and development of the design process through the exploration of abstract and realistic problem-solving applications. Design solutions are presented through the development of two- and three-dimensional presentation techniques.

Marshall, Il Communication Plan Project, Nathan Myers

2022 Fall Reports (Marshall, IL)

This class will examine the behavior of public and non-profit agencies, and how various internal and external factors affect the performance of these organizations. The course will consider such factors as they are discussed in classic and current scholarship in the field of organizational behavior, as well as examples from the media.

Toward A Holistic Understanding Of Conduct Disorder Across The Lifespan, Bobby R. J. W. Mchardy, Pamela M. Seeds

Modern Psychological Studies

Conduct Disorder is a developmental disorder characterized by clinically significant and culturally unexpected aggressive and antisocial behaviors. While much work has focused on the numerous predisposing genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and environmental risk factors for Conduct Disorder, its causal mechanisms, several developmental trajectories, and interacting risks have still yet to be properly elucidated within the context of these factors. With the aim of integrating the literature’s current understanding of Conduct Disorder, we searched APA PsycNet and Google Scholar using a scoping review to select peer-reviewed articles relating to age of onset, presentation, trajectory, persistence, and outcomes of Conduct Disorder. Of the …

Perceived Marginalization, Social Support, And Mental Health: The Role Of Parasocial Relationships, Madison Christy, Aimee Adam

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of the current study was to extend previous research (Woznicki et al., 2020) to see if parasocial relationships (PSRs) with figures from various social media platforms might be beneficial for those lower in real-life social support. We predicted that there would be a negative relationship between social support and perceptions of marginalization, loneliness, and depression, but that for people who perceived themselves as marginalized, the relationship between social support and loneliness would change depending on the strength of their PSR. In this correlational study, 135 participants took an online Qualtrics survey which assessed social media use, PSR strength, …

The Effects Of Self-Affirmation On Covid-19 Safe Behaviors, Matt Betashour

Modern Psychological Studies

This paper aims to seek if self-affirming activities can be used to increase compliance with group-protective public health policy such as the mandate to wear face masks for the COVID-19 pandemic. Completing a self-affirmation has been shown to increase compliance to health advice when it is beneficial for the self (Sherman & Cohen, 2020). To determine if self-affirming activities, as described by Self-Affirmation theory, increases compliance to health advice that is beneficial for others, the present experiment (N = 106) asked university students to complete a self-affirmation or a control task, read a relevant article, and rate how often they …

Mobile Phone Mindfulness: Effects Of App-Based Meditation Intervention On Stress And Hrv Of Undergraduate Students, Samuel M. Degenhard

Modern Psychological Studies

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, stress has increased exponentially in undergraduate populations. The current study sought to determine the efficacy of an eight-week relaxation intervention, using a free meditation app to reduce perceived stress and increase baseline heart rate variability (HRV) of undergraduate students, compared to using a traditional relaxation intervention across the same period. Participants (N = 14) were randomized into either a meditation app group or self-directed diaphragmatic breathing group and were instructed to engage in their respective relaxation technique ten minutes daily for eight weeks. Pre- and post-intervention differences in perceived stress and HRV were examined, along with …

Effects Of A Brief Exposure To Nature Or Social Media On Psychological Well-Being, Megan C. Hall, Samantha L. Mcmichael, Virginia Sy Kwan

Modern Psychological Studies

Social media has enhanced our ability to connect with each other globally; however, social media is not necessarily beneficial. Given the potential negative impact of social media use on psychological well-being, it is important to identify resources that may buffer this impact. One resource may be exposure to nature. Participants exposed to nature scenes experienced less negative affect compared to those exposed to social media. Those who spent more time outside tended to experience decreased negative affect when they viewed both social media and nature photos, but when viewing only social media, they experienced increased negative affect. Relations between humans, …

Substance Use Disorder Prevention Among Sexual And Gender Minority Youth, Jack K. Connors, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry

Modern Psychological Studies

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) has a more prevalent effect on Sexual and Gender Minority Youth (SGMY), leading to a need for dedicated and specialized programs to reduce disparity. The review included 18 scholarly articles, ranging from the years 1992 to 2022. In the present review, we explored factors related to SGMY substance use, including those that protect and insulate this vulnerable population against a negative coping skill with a wide array of neurological, emotional, and societal adjustment problems. We concluded that SGMY experience SUD more than their straight, cisgender peers. Also, targeted interventions are necessary to curb maladaptive coping strategies …

Evaluating The Impact Of The Film "Food Evolution" On Attitudes Towards Genetically Modified Food Crops, Elaine C. House Ms, Megan Fabian, Jessica M. Nolan Phd, Anne M. Royer Phd

Modern Psychological Studies

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of film intervention on consumer opinion and behaviors regarding genetically modified (GM) foods. Students, faculty, and community members attended a viewing of the documentary Food Evolution at the University of Scranton and were surveyed pre- and post-viewing. Results show participants who completed the survey after watching the film perceive GM foods as more likely to increase the global food supply and less likely to cause problems for health and the environment compared to those who completed the survey prior to watching the film. Participants were more likely to agree there is a scientific …

The Importance Of Health Anxiety And Emotional Reasoning To Understand Vaccine Hesitancy And Safety Behaviors: Implications For Public Health Campaigns In A Covid-19 Era, Samantha J. Ballas, Kimberli R. Treadwell

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined the impact of health anxiety and emotional reasoning on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and preventative behaviors, hypothesizing that high anxiety and emotional reasoning would predict lower vaccine hesitancy and higher COVID-19 preventative health behavior after controlling for demographic variables. A large international non-probability convenience sample of 532 individuals consented to an online survey in a cross-sectional period from March through August 2021 (one month following availability of vaccinations in the USA). Participants completed questionnaires online. Findings revealed that health anxiety and general anxiety were significantly correlated with COVID-19 preventative behaviors, including mask wearing and social distancing, and emotional …

Questioning The Legitimacy Of The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Construct, Isabelle J. Weigel-Mohamed

Modern Psychological Studies

This literature review examines 45 journal articles from a variety of disciplines, including genetics, neuropsychology, child and school psychology, evolutionary psychology, clinical psychology, and psychopharmacology. The review features a popular article published in the New York Times; though not a peer-reviewed journal article, it provides evidence of the pervasive social impact of the Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) debate. This review covers articles published between the years 1971 to 2021, with a greater emphasis on articles published after 2013 (over 50% of the review, given that the ADHD construct was reconceptualized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition …

The Impact Of School Closures And Isolation On Parents In The Us, Kathryn Stulpin, William Turner, Nicholas Fasciano, Amanda Peirano, Kedai Cheng, Caitlin Brez

Modern Psychological Studies

The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented global event. Research demonstrates the impact the pandemic had on both parents and children regarding their mental health and learning abilities. The current study examined parents’ experiences during the pandemic. This study had a particular focus on how changes to schooling impacted school experiences and social emotional experiences. The sample was comprised of parents whose children were in K-12 schooling and data was collected during Fall of 2020. The findings suggest that while there were several challenges, parents also reported some positive outcomes. This study serves as a foundation for future research to be …

Impact Of Pandemic Induced Stress On Health Behaviors Related To Covid-19 Susceptibility, Mahnoor Malik, Nicole Ryerson

Modern Psychological Studies

The COVID-19 pandemic has encompassed not only a public health crisis due to the range of symptoms and rapid spread associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but it has also resulted in daily life changes due to public health mandates implemented to reduce the spread of the disease. The current study (N = 148) tested two hypotheses: that individuals experiencing increased stress due to the pandemic would be more likely to engage in protective behaviors that would limit exposure to the virus (e.g., limiting in-person contact) and that individuals experiencing increased stress would also engage in behaviors that may increase their …

A Preliminary Evaluation Of The Effects Of Unfamiliar Music And Focus On Mood, Hailey Holland, Yasuhiro Ozuru, Mychal A. Machado

Modern Psychological Studies

In this study researchers evaluated whether self-reported moods would be differentially affected by the focus of attention (i.e., focusing on the music vs. focusing on one’s own mood), and whether unfamiliar music from different periods would differentially affect reported moods. Participants (N = 75) were assigned to two focus conditions randomly and filled out the Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) while listening to nine music selections representing three different musical periods. Results showed that focusing on music rather than one’s own internal mood elicited a higher magnitude of mood responses, and that people tended to experience differences in mood as …

Reliable Change In College Coursework Self-Efficacy, Nancy R. Patel, Matthew H. Kim, Justin E. Karr

Modern Psychological Studies

This study aimed to examine the test-retest reliability of the College Self-Efficacy Inventory-Coursework subscale (CSEI-C) and calculate cutoffs for determining reliable change. A sample of 39 college students from a U.S. university (M=19.0±1.0 years old, 84.6% women, 64.1% White) completed the CSEI-C twice (test-retest interval: M=55.4±12.4 days). The CSEI-C had good test-retest reliability, per the intraclass correlation (ICC=.85). The cutoffs of detecting reliable change were ±.91, ±1.12, and ±1.44 for 70%, 80%, and 90% confidence intervals, respectively. College students often experience mental health problems, and those presenting for psychotherapy may experience concurrent reductions in academic self-efficacy. Clinicians could use the …

An Examination Of The Associations Between Internet Activities, Body Positivity Content, And Eating Disorder Symptomatology, Mary G. Tisko, Juan F. Casas

Modern Psychological Studies

Previous researchers have established comorbidities between behavioral addictions. Although online media use has been linked to disordered eating, the relationship between Internet addiction and binge eating disorder (BED) has not been examined. Our first aim was to examine the relationship between two types of Internet addiction and BED. It was hypothesized that those high in Internet addiction would report greater BED symptoms than those low in Internet addiction. Our second aim was to examine how online media use and body positivity content relate to various eating disorder symptomatology (EDS). We hypothesized that EDS would be positively correlated to online media …

Examining Belonging And The Fear Of Missing Out In Relation To Social Media Use: A Two-Part Study, Timothy Buckles, Meira Vaid, Mary Pritchard (Mentor), Heather Schoenherr (Mentor), Mercades Nelson, Kylee Malouf

Modern Psychological Studies

We conducted two survey studies to better understand how using social media relates to differing outcomes in perceptions of social support and the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) in college students (N = 251, N = 529, respectively). Correlation analyses revealed higher levels of FoMO were most strongly related to scrolling behaviors on social media, whereas posting behaviors were correlated with increased feelings of belonging and lower levels of FoMO. No significant correlation was found between perceived online social support and FoMO. Finally, no significant gender differences in FoMO were found. These behavior-based relationships are likely linked to people's innate …

Media Consumption And Stigma Towards Schizophrenia, Brenna Robinson, Catherine Diaz-Asper Ph.D

Modern Psychological Studies

The current study examined how negative attitudes about schizophrenia can be influenced by exposure to media as well as other types of contact with the condition. Participants (N = 141) completed an online survey assessing their knowledge of schizophrenia, the type and level of contact they had with someone with the diagnosis, the type and level of mass media they consumed, and their perceptions of schizophrenia, including dangerousness and aggression. Results showed that type of contact was correlated with attitudes about dangerousness. Contact, which includes media consumption, was related to less stigmatizing attitudes towards schizophrenia, although the correlation between media …

The Social And Emotional Impacts Of Children And Adolescents In Foster Care, Raiannamei Gappi Elad, Kenneth Tremper, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry

Modern Psychological Studies

Foster care is a substitute form of care in which children are placed away from their biological families and/or guardians. The scope of this literature review examines 39 scholarly articles (i.e., journals, reviews, meta-analyses, and reports) ranging from the years 1997-2021 of children and adolescents between the age range of six months old to young adulthood. We explore different factors that contribute to adverse child and adolescent outcomes in foster care, such as physical home environment, placement instability, the role of foster parents, and support systems; all which play a key role in the overall foster care experience of youth. …

Effects Of Chronic Cannabis Use On Adolescents, Matthew R. Rappaport, Raymond Collings Dr.

Modern Psychological Studies

This literature will examine the relationship of chronic cannabis use during adolescence to psychological and morphological abnormalities into adulthood. As states continue to decriminalize or legalize cannabis consumption for recreational purposes, concerns about the potential negative effects of cannabis consumption on neurological development during adolescence may be ignored. This review examined 44 journal articles and government reports published between 1997 and 2021. The conclusions drawn from the literature review indicate that over a 19-year time span, cannabis potency has increased from ~4% to ~12%. Secondly, the chronic exposure to exogenous cannabinoids during this time can result in a variety of …

Sense Of Community As A Mediator Between Study Abroad Experiences And Perceived Well-Being, Raymond Rider, Cindy Miller-Perrin

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined the nature and extent of the relationship between studying abroad, sense of community, and well-being. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Sense of Community Index, and the Perceived Wellness Scale via an online survey emailed to juniors and seniors (n = 267) at a university in southern California. The results of the study suggested: 1) sense of community and well-being are significantly related (r = .35, p < .001), 2) those who study abroad (n = 149) differ significantly from those who do not study abroad (n = 118) on sense of community (p < .001, d = .52) and well-being (p = .03, d = .27), and 3) sense of community is a mediator of the relationship between study abroad experience and well-being. These findings have important implications for any institute which seeks to promote well-being.

Expectations In Film Relationships: The Suffocation Model In Motion Pictures, Rachel Mcneil, Lindsay C. Morton

Modern Psychological Studies

The suffocation model states that marriage expectations in American culture have changed across time (Finkel et al., 2014). To test whether or not the tenets of this model appear in popular media, we examined the representation of love, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs in romantic relationships of films from the companionate era (1850-1965) and the self-expressive era (1965-present). Participants (N = 56) rated need fulfillment and expectations within the main romantic relationship in an assigned film. The results suggest that the shift in needs posited by the suffocation model was reflected in high-grossing romance films from the past 100 years. …

The Mental Health Outcomes Of First-Generation Collegiate Clients Compared To Their Non-First-Generation Peers, Cassandra Rose Homick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Numerous research studies have investigated the mental health concerns and needs of college students. However, there is a need for additional research to understand the unique presenting mental health concerns of first-generation college students at university counseling centers in the US. The current study was a non-experimental exploratory research study that utilized secondary data analysis to examine and compare the sociodemographic profiles, mental health needs, and presenting problems of first-generation students compared to their non-first-generation peers at university counseling centers (UCCs) in the US. In Part One of the study, comparisons were drawn between first-generation and non-first-generation collegiate clients on …

National Assessment Program: Ict Literacy 2022: Technical Report, Dominique Hall, Kate O'Malley, Renee Kwong, Emma Camus, Tim Friedman, Kristy Osborne, Zachary Watts, Dulce Lay

ICT - Digital Literacy

This report describes the various technical, operational and administrative procedures of the NAP– ICT Literacy 2022 assessment. It should be read in conjunction with the NAP–ICT Literacy 2022 Public Report, which presents a summary of the cognitive and contextual analysis of the data collected in the 2022 cycle. The assessment instrument used in NAP–ICT Literacy 2022 was based on the design principles established for NAP–ICT Literacy 2005, which continued through the assessment cycles in 2008, 2011, 2014 and 2017. The assessment was computer-based and included a broad range of task formats including multiple-choice, short text response, and simulated and authentic …

Views And Opinions Of Mass Media Key Informants On Coverage Of Issues Related To Maternal, Newborn And Child Health In Lake Zone, Tanzania, Violeth A. Mbuni, Nyagwegwe Wango, Elias C. Nyanza

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

In Tanzania, the mass media is a primary means of communicating health information to urban and rural populations. While unsafe abortion is the leading cause of maternal deaths and complications in Tanzania, this has increased the high unintended pregnancy rate. Journalists, editors, program managers and producers play a significant role in determining the health-related issues reported. In the present study, the views, and opinions of mass media key informants on coverage of issues related to maternal, newborn and child health in Lake Zone were investigated. This qualitative study was conducted with key informants from 24 mass media outlets that covered …

Depersonalizing Troubles In Institutional Interaction: Routinizing In Parent-Teacher Conferences, Danielle M. Pillet-Shore

Faculty Publications

This article advances our understanding of institutional interaction by showing when and how it can be advantageous for professionals to treat addressed-recipients as non-unique. Examining how teachers talk about children-as-students during parent-teacher conferences, this investigation illuminates several specific interactional methods that teachers use to depersonalize the focal student’s trouble, delineating as among these the novel practice of “routinizing”—citing firsthand experience with other similar cases. Analysis demonstrates how teachers use routinizing to enact their expertise, both responsively as a vehicle for attenuating and credentialing their advice-giving to parents/caregivers, and proactively to preempt parent/caregiver resistance to their student-assessments/evaluations. This research …

Análisis Bibliométrico De La Producción Científica Sobre Escritura Y Lectura En La Última Década (2010-2019), Oscar Arbey Martin Barreto

Sistemas de Información, Bibliotecología y Archivística

Se desarrollará un análisis bibliométrico de la producción documental que se encuentra contenida en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science (WOS) durante los últimos años (2010-2019), todo esto teniendo como ejes temáticos principales la lectura y escritura, identificando así los autores más relevantes, los países que están produciendo el mayor número de literatura, todo esto bajo un enfoque cuantitativo utilizando el método de investigación documental y la técnica de bibliometría.

Para ello se tendrá como referencia estudios muy importantes que se han adelantado, como es el caso de Rodríguez, E. (2018), quien realiza una investigación acerca de …

Discovering Child Sexual Abuse Material Creators’ Behaviors And Preferences On The Dark Web, Vuong Ngo, Rahul Gajula, Christina Thorpe, Susan Mckeever

Articles

Background: Producing, distributing or discussing child sexual abuse materials (CSAM) is often committed through the dark web in order to remain hidden from search engines and regular users. Additionally, on the dark web, the CSAM creators employ various techniques to avoid detection and conceal their activities. The large volume of CSAM on the dark web presents a global social problem and poses a significant challenge for helplines, hotlines and law enforcement agencies.

Objective: Identifying CSAM discussions on the dark web and uncovering associated metadata insights into characteristics, behaviours and motivation of CSAM creators.

Participants and Setting: We have conducted an …

Rhizomic Communication Practices Bridging International Students And The Host Society And Beyond, Suvi Jokila, Charles Mathies

Educational Leadership & Workforce Development Faculty Publications

Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted international student communities while reflecting wider societal inequalities. This study in the Finnish context examined international students’ experiences of the published national crisis communication and media usage during the first year of the pandemic. Using the national COVID-19 crisis communication practices as an example, we examined what kinds of strategies the international students deployed to access information in this non-English-speaking country and how they perceived the information communicated. Theoretically, we based the analysis on the theories of crisis communication and information inequality, which identify communication practices, such as language choice, that …

Evaluation Of Wic Online Ordering During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence From An Oklahoma Grocery Store Chain, Qi Zhang, Junzhou Zhang, Kayoung Park, Chuanyi Tang

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic is worsening the disparities in food access in the United States. As consumers have been increasingly using grocery online ordering services to limit their exposure to the COVID-19 virus, participants of federal nutrition assistance programs lack the online benefit redemption option. With the support of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), retailers are pilot-testing online food benefit ordering in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). By combining the Oklahoma WIC administrative data, the online ordering data from a grocery store chain in Oklahoma, and the COVID-19 data in Oklahoma, this study examines …