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Articles 7771 - 7800 of 9207
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Simulations Of The Instability Of The M = 1 Self-Shielding Diocotron Mode In Finite-Length Non-Neutral Plasmas, Grant W. Mason, Ross L. Spencer
Simulations Of The Instability Of The M = 1 Self-Shielding Diocotron Mode In Finite-Length Non-Neutral Plasmas, Grant W. Mason, Ross L. Spencer
Faculty Publications
The "self-shielding" m = 1 diocotron mode in Malmberg-Penning traps has been known for over a decade to be unstable for finite length non-neutral plasmas with hollow density profiles. Early theoretical efforts were unsuccessful in accounting for the exponential growth and/or the magnitude of the growth rate. Recent theoretical work has sought to resolve the discrepancy either as a consequence of the shape of the plasma ends or as a kinetic effect resulting from a modified distribution function as a consequence of the protocol used to form the hollow profiles in experiments. Both of these finite length mechanisms have been …
Metal Abundances And Kinematics Of Bright Metal-Poor Giants Selected From The Lse Survey: Implications For The Metal-Weak Thick Disk, Timothy C. Beers, John S. Drilling, Silvia Rossi, Masashi Chiba, Jaehyon Rhee, Birgit Fṻhrmeister, John E. Norris, Ted Von Hippel
Metal Abundances And Kinematics Of Bright Metal-Poor Giants Selected From The Lse Survey: Implications For The Metal-Weak Thick Disk, Timothy C. Beers, John S. Drilling, Silvia Rossi, Masashi Chiba, Jaehyon Rhee, Birgit Fṻhrmeister, John E. Norris, Ted Von Hippel
Publications
We report medium-resolution (1–2A ˚ ) spectroscopy and broadband (UBV) photometry for a sample of 39 bright stars (the majority of which are likely to be giants) selected as metal-deficient candidates from an objective-prism survey concentrating on Galactic latitudes below |b| = 30, the Luminous Stars Extension (LSE) survey of Drilling & Bergeron. Although the primary purpose of the LSE survey was to select OB stars (hence the concentration on low latitudes), the small number of bright metal-deficient giant candidates noted during this survey provide interesting information on the metal-weak thick disk (MWTD) population. Metal abundance estimates are obtained from …
Sensitivity Of The Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy To Initial Conditions In Quintessence Cosmology, Rahul Dave, R. R. Caldwell, Paul J. Steinhardt
Sensitivity Of The Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy To Initial Conditions In Quintessence Cosmology, Rahul Dave, R. R. Caldwell, Paul J. Steinhardt
Dartmouth Scholarship
We analyze the evolution of energy density fluctuations in cosmological scenarios with a mixture of cold dark matter and quintessence, in which the quintessence field is modeled by a constant equation of state. We obtain analytic expressions for the time evolution of the quintessence perturbations in models with light fields. The fluctuations behave analogously to a driven harmonic oscillator, where the driving term arises from the inhomogeneities in the surrounding cosmological fluid. We demonstrate that the homogeneous solution, determined by the initial conditions, is completely subdominant to the inhomogeneous solution for physically realistic scenarios. Thus we show that the cosmic …
Pumping Or Mixing System Using A Levitating Magnetic Element, Aexandre N. Terentiev
Pumping Or Mixing System Using A Levitating Magnetic Element, Aexandre N. Terentiev
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Patents
A system capable of pumping or mixing relatively warm fluids using a rotating magnetic element or bearing levitated by a cold superconducting element is disclosed. The magnetic element or bearing carries at least one impeller and is placed in a fluid vessel positioned external to the outer wall of a cryostat or other housing for the superconducting element. A separate cooling source thermally linked to the superconducting element provides the necessary cooling to create the desired superconductive effects and induce levitation in the magnetic element or bearing. The outer wall or housing defines a chamber around the cold superconducting element …
The Physical Conditions Within Dense Cold Clouds In Cooling Flows - Ii, Gary J. Ferland, A. C. Fabian, R. M. Johnstone
The Physical Conditions Within Dense Cold Clouds In Cooling Flows - Ii, Gary J. Ferland, A. C. Fabian, R. M. Johnstone
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
This is a progress report on our numerical simulations of conditions in the cold cores of cooling flow condensations. The physical conditions in any non-equilibrium plasma are the result of a host of microphysical processes, many involving reactions that are research areas in themselves. We review the dominant physical processes in our previously published simulations, to clarify those issues that have caused confusion in the literature. We show that conditions in the core of an X-ray-illuminated cloud are very different from those found in molecular clouds, largely because carbon remains substantially atomic and provides powerful cooling through its far infrared …
Genetic Optimization Of A Tensegrity Structure, Jaime R. Taylor
Genetic Optimization Of A Tensegrity Structure, Jaime R. Taylor
Physics Faculty Research
Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is charged with developing advanced technologies for space telescopes. The next generation of space optics will be very large and lightweight. Tensegrity structures are built of compressive members (bars), and tensile members (strings). For most materials, the tensile strength of a longitudinal member is larger than its buckling strength; therefore a large stiffness to mass ratio can be achieved by increasing the use of tensile members. Tensegrities are the epitome of lightweight structures, since they take advantage of the larger tensile strength of materials. The compressive members of tensegrity structures are disjoint allowing compact storage …
Vibrational Modes Of Thin Oblate Clouds Of Charge, Thomas G. Jenkins, Ross L. Spencer
Vibrational Modes Of Thin Oblate Clouds Of Charge, Thomas G. Jenkins, Ross L. Spencer
Faculty Publications
A numerical method is presented for finding the eigenfunctions (normal modes) and mode frequencies of azimuthally symmetric non-neutral plasmas confined in a Penning trap whose axial thickness is much smaller than their radial size. The plasma may be approximated as a charged disk in this limit; the normal modes and frequencies can be found if the surface charge density profile sigma(r) of the disk and the trap bounce frequency profile wz(r) are known. The dependence of the eigenfunctions and equilibrium plasma shapes on nonideal components of the confining Penning trap fields is discussed. The results of the calculation are compared …
Chasing Solar Eclipses Around The World, Martina B. Arndt
Chasing Solar Eclipses Around The World, Martina B. Arndt
Bridgewater Review
No abstract provided.
The Warps Survey. Vi. Galaxy Cluster And Source Identifications From Phase I, Eric S. Perlman, Donald J. Horner, Laurence R. Jones, Caleb A. Scharf, Harald Ebeling, Gary Wegner, Matthew Malkan
The Warps Survey. Vi. Galaxy Cluster And Source Identifications From Phase I, Eric S. Perlman, Donald J. Horner, Laurence R. Jones, Caleb A. Scharf, Harald Ebeling, Gary Wegner, Matthew Malkan
Dartmouth Scholarship
We present in catalog form the optical identifications for objects from the first phase of the Wide Angle ROSAT Pointed Survey (WARPS). WARPS is a serendipitous survey of relatively deep, pointed ROSAT observations for clusters of galaxies. The X-ray source detection algorithm used by WARPS is Voronoi Tessellation and Percolation (VTP), a technique which is equally sensitive to point sources and extended sources of low surface brightness. WARPS-I is based on the central regions of 86 ROSAT PSPC fields, covering an area of 16.2 square degrees. We describe here the X-ray source screening and optical identification process for WARPS-I, which …
Redshift-Distance Survey Of Early-Type Galaxies. I. The Enearc Cluster Sample*, M. Bernardi, M. V. Alonso, L. N. Da Costa, C. N. A. Willmer, A. Wegner
Redshift-Distance Survey Of Early-Type Galaxies. I. The Enearc Cluster Sample*, M. Bernardi, M. V. Alonso, L. N. Da Costa, C. N. A. Willmer, A. Wegner
Dartmouth Scholarship
This paper presents data on the ENEARc subsample of the larger ENEAR survey of nearby early-type galaxies. The ENEARc galaxies belong to clusters and were specifically chosen to be used for the construction of a D-n-sigma template. The ENEARc sample includes new measurements of spectroscopic and photometric parameters (redshift, velocity dispersion, line index Mg-2, and the angular diameter d(n)), as well as data from the literature. New spectroscopic data are given for 229 cluster early-type galaxies in 28 clusters. Objective criteria, based on catalogs of groups of galaxies derived from complete redshift surveys of the nearby universe, are used to …
A Determination Of The Local Density Of White Dwarf Stars, Jay B. Holberg, Terry D. Oswalt, Edward M. Sión
A Determination Of The Local Density Of White Dwarf Stars, Jay B. Holberg, Terry D. Oswalt, Edward M. Sión
Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications
The most recent version of the Catalog of Spectroscopically Identified White Dwarfs lists 2249 white dwarf stars. Among these stars are 109 white dwarfs that have either reliable trigonometric parallaxes or color-based distance moduli that place them at a distance within 20 pc of the Sun. Most of these nearby white dwarfs are isolated stars, but 28 (25% of the sample) are in binary systems, including such well-known systems as Sirius A/B and Procyon A/B. There are also three double degenerate systems in this sample of the local white dwarf population. The sample of local white dwarfs is largely complete …
Equilibrium Shapes Of Flat Knots, Ralf Metzler, Andreas Hanke, Paul G. Dommersnes, Yacov Kantor, Mehran Kardar
Equilibrium Shapes Of Flat Knots, Ralf Metzler, Andreas Hanke, Paul G. Dommersnes, Yacov Kantor, Mehran Kardar
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
The equilibrium shapes of prime and composite knots were studied. It was showed that the topological details of prime knots were localized on a small portion of the larger ring polymer due to self-avoiding effects. The original knot configuration could assume a hierarchy of contracted shape, the dominating one given by one small loop, within this region. For the flat trefoil knot, this hierarchy was studied in detail and corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations.
Communicator-In-Chief: Presidential Use Of Television Past, Present, And Future, Jenna Wasson
Communicator-In-Chief: Presidential Use Of Television Past, Present, And Future, Jenna Wasson
Honors Theses
This thesis seeks to determine how television has changed as a communication medium for presidents over the past half century. An evaluation of the evolving ways presidents use television to communicate with and to build support from the American people has been conducted. Presidential communication strategies have been identified by drawing primarily from primary sources written by presidents and White House staff. Television technology and the television audience have changed over the years. Presidents have taken a more pro-active, aggressive role in their efforts to harness television for their own purposes. Why have these changes occurred? What impact have these …
Dust Emission From Active Galactic Nuclei, Maia Nenkova, Željko Ivezić, Moshe Elitzur
Dust Emission From Active Galactic Nuclei, Maia Nenkova, Željko Ivezić, Moshe Elitzur
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
Unified schemes of active galactic nuclei require an obscuring dusty torus around the central source, giving rise to a Seyfert 1 line spectrum for pole-on viewing and Seyfert 2 characteristics in edge-on sources. Although the observed IR is in broad agreement with this scheme, the behavior of the 10 μm silicate feature and the width of the far-IR emission peak remained serious problems in all previous modeling efforts. We show that these problems find a natural explanation if the dust is contained in approximately five to 10 clouds along radial rays through the torus. The spectral energy distributions of …
Radiation Science Using Z-Pinch X-Rays, J. E. Bailey, G. A. Chandler, David H. Cohen, M. E. Cuneo, M. E. Foord, R. F. Heeter, D. Jobe, P. W. Lake, J. J. Macfarlane, T. J. Nash, D. S. Nielson, R. Smelser, J. Torres
Radiation Science Using Z-Pinch X-Rays, J. E. Bailey, G. A. Chandler, David H. Cohen, M. E. Cuneo, M. E. Foord, R. F. Heeter, D. Jobe, P. W. Lake, J. J. Macfarlane, T. J. Nash, D. S. Nielson, R. Smelser, J. Torres
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works
Present-day Z-pinch experiments generate 200 TW peak power, 5–10 ns duration x-ray bursts that provide new possibilities to advance radiation science. The experiments support both the underlying atomic and plasma physics, as well as inertial confinement fusion and astrophysics applications. A typical configuration consists of a sample located 1–10 cm away from the pinch, where it is heated to 10–100 eV temperatures by the pinch radiation. The spectrally-resolved sample-plasma absorption is measured by aiming x-ray spectrographs through the sample at the pinch. The pinch plasma thus both heats the sample and serves as a backlighter. Opacitymeasurements with this source are …
Dissipative Heating And Quasar Emission Lines, Mark Bottorff, Gary J. Ferland
Dissipative Heating And Quasar Emission Lines, Mark Bottorff, Gary J. Ferland
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
Recent observations reveal that the profiles of emission lines of active galactic nuclei are too smooth to be produced by discrete thermal (T~104 K) clouds. The lines may also be too bright to be powered by the continuum unless a large covering factor or additional heating mechanisms are present. We have been investigating one possible explanation of these observations, namely, that the clouds are turbulent. This paper focuses on observational effects caused by dissipation of turbulent energy into cloud heating. We find that internal heating can explain these observations. Clouds energized by both the ionizing continuum and …
Cross Sections Spring 2002, Department Of Physics And Astronomy
Cross Sections Spring 2002, Department Of Physics And Astronomy
Cross Sections
No abstract provided.
Infrared Spectra Of The Subluminous Type Ia Supernova Sn 1999by, Peter Hoflich, Christopher L. Gerardy, Robert A. Fesen, Shoko Sakai
Infrared Spectra Of The Subluminous Type Ia Supernova Sn 1999by, Peter Hoflich, Christopher L. Gerardy, Robert A. Fesen, Shoko Sakai
Dartmouth Scholarship
Near-infrared (NIR) spectra of the subluminous Type Ia supernova SN 1999by are presented that cover the time evolution from about 4 days before to 2 weeks after maximum light. Analysis of these data was accomplished through the construction of an extended set of delayed detonation (DD) models covering the entire range of normal to subluminous SNe Ia. The explosion, light curves, and time evolution of the synthetic spectra were calculated self-consistently for each model, with the only free parameters being the initial structure of the white dwarf and the description of the nuclear burning front during the explosion. From these, …
Profile Shapes For Optically Thick X-Ray Emission Lines From Stellar Winds., R. Ignace, K. G. Gayley
Profile Shapes For Optically Thick X-Ray Emission Lines From Stellar Winds., R. Ignace, K. G. Gayley
Richard Ignace
We consider the consequences of appreciable line optical depth for the profile shape of X-ray emission lines formed in stellar winds. The hot gas is thought to arise in distributed wind shocks, and the line formation is predominantly via collisional excitation followed by radiative decay. Such lines are often modelled as optically thin, but the theory has difficulty matching resolved X-ray line profiles. We suggest that for strong lines of abundant metals, newly created photons may undergo resonance scattering, modifying the emergent profile. Using Sobolev theory in a spherically symmetric wind, we show that thick-line resonance scattering leads to emission …
Measuring The Speed Of Sound Of Quintessence, Joel K. Erickson, R. R. Caldwell, Paul J. Steinhardt, C. Armendariz-Picon, V. Mukhanov
Measuring The Speed Of Sound Of Quintessence, Joel K. Erickson, R. R. Caldwell, Paul J. Steinhardt, C. Armendariz-Picon, V. Mukhanov
Dartmouth Scholarship
Quintessence, a time-varying energy component that may account for the accelerated expansion of the universe, can be characterized by its equation of state and sound speed. In this paper, we show that if the quintessence density is at least 1% of the critical density at the surface of last scattering the cosmic microwave background anisotropy can distinguish between models whose sound speed is near the speed of light versus near zero, which could be useful in distinguishing competing candidates for dark energy.
The Quadruple System Μ Orionis: Three-Dimensional Orbit And Physical Parameters, Francis C. Fekel, Colin D. Scarfe, David J. Barlow, William I. Hartkopf, Brian D. Mason, Harold Mcalister
The Quadruple System Μ Orionis: Three-Dimensional Orbit And Physical Parameters, Francis C. Fekel, Colin D. Scarfe, David J. Barlow, William I. Hartkopf, Brian D. Mason, Harold Mcalister
Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications
The star μ Orionis is a spectroscopic visual quadruple system in which each visual component is a short-period spectroscopic binary. The visual orbit has a period of 18.644 yr, a high eccentricity of 0.7426, and a high inclination of 962. The visual primary consists of an Am star and probably a G or early K dwarf that orbit each other in a nearly circular orbit with a period of 4.4475858 days. The visual secondary consists of a pair of F5: V stars in a circular orbit with a period of 4.7835361 days. While the masses of the two stars are …
Tip Of The Red Giant Branch Distances To Ngc 4214, Ugc 685, And Ugc 5456, Jesús Maíz Apellániz, Lucas Cieza, John W. Mackenty
Tip Of The Red Giant Branch Distances To Ngc 4214, Ugc 685, And Ugc 5456, Jesús Maíz Apellániz, Lucas Cieza, John W. Mackenty
Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications
We have used WFPC2 VRI observations to calculate the distances to three nearby galaxies, NGC 4214, UGC 685, and UGC 5456, using the tip of the red giant branch method. Our values for NGC 4214 (2.94 ± 0.18 Mpc) and UGC 685 (4.79 ± 0.30 Mpc) are the most precise measurements of the distances to these objects ever made. For UGC 5456 the data do not allow us to reach a decisive conclusion since there are two possible solutions, one leading toward a short distance around 3.8 Mpc and another one toward a long distance of 5.6 Mpc or more.
Modeling The Galactic Center Nonthermal Filaments As Magnetized Wakes, Russell B. Dahlburg, Giorgio Einaudi, Ted N. La Rosa, Steven N. Shore
Modeling The Galactic Center Nonthermal Filaments As Magnetized Wakes, Russell B. Dahlburg, Giorgio Einaudi, Ted N. La Rosa, Steven N. Shore
Faculty Articles
We simulate the Galactic center nonthermal laments as magnetized wakes formed dynamically from amplification of a weak ( tens of l G) global magnetic field through the interaction of molecular clouds with a Galactic center wind. One of the key issues in this cometary model is the stability of the lament against dynamical disruption. Here we show two-dimensional MHD simulations for interstellar conditions that are appropriate for the Galactic center. The structures eventually disrupt through a shear-driven nonlinear instability but maintain coherence for lengths up to 100 times their width as observed. The final instability, which destroys the lament through …
Theoretical Uncertainties In The Subgiant--Mass Age Relation And The Absolute Age Of Omega Cen, Brian Chaboyer, Lawrence M. Krauss
Theoretical Uncertainties In The Subgiant--Mass Age Relation And The Absolute Age Of Omega Cen, Brian Chaboyer, Lawrence M. Krauss
Dartmouth Scholarship
The theoretical uncertainties in the calibration of the relationship between the subgiant mass and age in metal-poor stars are investigated using a Monte Carlo approach. Assuming that the mass and iron abundance of a subgiant star are known exactly, uncertainties in the input physics used to construct stellar evolution models and isochrones lead to a Gaussian 1 σ uncertainty of ±2.9% in the derived ages. The theoretical error budget is dominated by the uncertainties in the calculated opacities. Observations by Kałużny et al. of detached double-lined eclipsing binary OGLEGC 17 in the globular cluster ω Centauri have found that the …
Negative Band Gap Bowing In Epitaxial Inas/Gaas Alloys And Predicted Band Offsets Of The Strained Binaries And Alloys On Various Substrates, Gus L. W. Hart, Kwiseon Kim, Alex Zunger
Negative Band Gap Bowing In Epitaxial Inas/Gaas Alloys And Predicted Band Offsets Of The Strained Binaries And Alloys On Various Substrates, Gus L. W. Hart, Kwiseon Kim, Alex Zunger
Faculty Publications
We use pseudopotential theory to provide (1) the band offsets of strained GaAs and InAs on various substrates and (2) the energies Ev(x) of the valence and conduction bands of InxGa1-xAs alloy, as a function of composition. Results are presented for both the bulk alloy and for the alloy strained on InP or GaAs. We predict that while Ex(x) bows downward for relaxed bulk alloys, it bows upward for strained epitaxial alloys. The calculated alloy offsets are used to discuss electron and hole localization in this system.
Keck Spectroscopy And Imaging Of Faint Galaxies Identified As Microjansky Radio Sources, Nathan D. Roche, James D. Lowenthal, David C. Koo
Keck Spectroscopy And Imaging Of Faint Galaxies Identified As Microjansky Radio Sources, Nathan D. Roche, James D. Lowenthal, David C. Koo
Astronomy: Faculty Publications
We investigate the nature of the faintest radio sources detected in three Very Large Array surveys, to F(8.5 GHz) ∼ 8 μJy. Using the Keck low-resolution imaging spectrograph in BRI and the near-infrared camera in K′ (2.1 μm), we image 51 radio sources, and identify probable optical counterparts for 50. With low-resolution imaging spectroscopy, we successfully acquire new redshifts for 17 sources. Combining these with nine prior redshifts, we can then analyse a sample of 26 sources with spectroscopic redshifts. Based on this sample of 26, we find the largest contribution, about 60 per cent (15), to be from disc …
Optical And Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Of Sn 1995n: Evidence For Strong Circumstellar Interaction, Claes Fransson, Roger A. Chevalier, Alexei V. Filippenko, Bruno Leibundgut, Aaron J. Barth, Robert A. Fesen, Robert P. Kirshner, Douglas C. Leonard, Weidong Li, Peter Lundqvist, Jesper Sollerman, Schuyler D. Van Dyk
Optical And Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Of Sn 1995n: Evidence For Strong Circumstellar Interaction, Claes Fransson, Roger A. Chevalier, Alexei V. Filippenko, Bruno Leibundgut, Aaron J. Barth, Robert A. Fesen, Robert P. Kirshner, Douglas C. Leonard, Weidong Li, Peter Lundqvist, Jesper Sollerman, Schuyler D. Van Dyk
Dartmouth Scholarship
Optical and ultraviolet observations of the Type IIn supernova SN 1995N at epochs between 321 and 1799 days after the explosion show three distinct velocity components. The narrow lines come from circumstellar gas and show both low and high ionization. This component has a low filling factor and is photoionized by X-rays from the shock. The intermediate component, which is dominated by newly processed oxygen, originates in a shell with velocity of 2500-5000 km s-1 and most likely comes from the ejecta. The hydrogen- and helium-dominated gas has a low ionization, a high density, and velocities that extend out …
Time Series Analysis Of V511 Lyrae Photometry, J. Lyytinen, Peter Johansson, Lauri Jetsu, Eero Esko, Thomas Hackman, Douglas S. Hall, Gregory W. Henry, S. Kontinen, P. Könönen, S. Maisala, A. Palviainen, Kyösti Ryynänen
Time Series Analysis Of V511 Lyrae Photometry, J. Lyytinen, Peter Johansson, Lauri Jetsu, Eero Esko, Thomas Hackman, Douglas S. Hall, Gregory W. Henry, S. Kontinen, P. Könönen, S. Maisala, A. Palviainen, Kyösti Ryynänen
Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications
Our time series analysis of sixteen BV light curves of the chromospherically active binary V511 Lyr confirmed the rotation period uniquely. The seasonal periodicity changes of 3.8% indicated the presence of detectable surface differential rotation. The significant periodicity in the light curve minimum epochs suggested that the strongest starspot formation in V511 Lyr was concentrated on one stable active longitude.
Are Stars With Planets Polluted?, N. Murray, B. Chaboyer
Are Stars With Planets Polluted?, N. Murray, B. Chaboyer
Dartmouth Scholarship
We compare the metallicities of stars with radial velocity planets to the metallicity of a sample of field dwarfs. We confirm recent work indicating that the stars-with-planets sample as a whole is iron-rich. However, the lowest mass stars tend to be iron-poor, with several having [Fe/H] < -0.2, demonstrating that high metallicity is not required for the formation of short-period Jupiter-mass planets. We show that the average [Fe/H] increases with increasing stellar mass (for masses below 1.2 M☉) in both samples, but that the increase is much more rapid in the stars-with-planets sample. The variation of metallicity with stellar age also differs between the two samples. We examine possible selection effects related to variations in the sensitivity of radial velocity surveys with stellar mass, apparent magnitude, and stellar metallicity, and …
A Comparative Study Of The Absolute Magnitude Distributions Of Supernovae., D. Richardson, D. Branch, D. Casebeer, J. Millard, R. C. Thomas, E. Baron
A Comparative Study Of The Absolute Magnitude Distributions Of Supernovae., D. Richardson, D. Branch, D. Casebeer, J. Millard, R. C. Thomas, E. Baron
Faculty and Staff Publications
The Asiago Supernova Catalog is used to carry out a comparative study of supernova absolute magnitude distributions. An overview of the absolute magnitudes of the supernovae in the current observational sample is presented, and the evidence for subluminous and overluminous events is examined. The fraction of supernovae that are subluminous (MB> -15) appears to be higher (perhaps much higher) than 1/5 but it remains very uncertain. The fraction that are overluminous (MB > -20) is lower (probably much lower) than 0.01. The absolute magnitude distributions for each supernova type, restricted to events within 1 Gpc, are compared. Although these distributions are …