Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Extraction Of Dyestuff From Madder Plant ( Rubia Tinctorum L.) And Dyeing Of Wool, Feathered-Leather And Cotton}, Adem Önal

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, the total amount of dyeing substances present in {\it Rubia tinctorum L}. was found by using the extraction method and then separated in column. All of the dyeings were carried out with red component alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone). Dyeing conditions and other characteristics were determined and in most cases high fast colours were obtained.

Circular Dichroism Studies Of Complexation Of Antibiotic (+)- Cephradine With Cr(Iii), Co(Ii) And Ni(Ii) In Methanol: Water (80:20) Solution, Nasir Ahmad, Javed Safder, Christy Munir

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Circular dichroism (CD) studies have been utilized to investigate complexation of antibiotic (+)-cephardine with Cr(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) ions in methanol: water (80:20 v/v) solution. The optimum conditions of pH, stoichiometry and time for achieving equilibrium for maximum complexation in these systems are determined. The CD spectra of these complex ions consist of 2-3 Cotton bands between 16,129-25,994 cm^{-1} with differential absorptivity 0.0046-0.428 deg. L mol^{-1} cm^{-1} and bands are assigned to electronic transitions. The formation constants of these complexes in mixed solvent are reported.

Extractive Spectrophotometry Of Palladium(Ii) With 3,4,5- Trimethoxybenzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone, A. M. A. Khader, K. S. Prasad

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The extractive spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) using 3,4, 5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (TBTSC) is discussed in this study. It forms an intense yellow-coloured chloroform-soluble complex with paladium(II) in an acidic medium. The molar absorptivity at 370nm is 8.35x 10^{4} 1. mol^{-1} cm^{-1}. The complex system conformed to Beer's Law up to a concentration limit of 12 ppm. The Sandell's sensitivity was 8. 57 ng. cm^{-2}. The interference of various ions was studied, and palladium(II) in its alloy compositions was analysed.

A Comparison Of Adsorption Isotherms Of Crosslinked Poly(N-Vinylpyrrolidone)/Basic Brown 1 Binding System, Dursun Saraydin, Erdener Karadağ

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, the binding of a basic dye such as basic brown 1 [BB 1] onto a crosslinked poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) [CPVP] was investigated. Adsorption of the azo dye onto the CPVP was studied by the batch adsorption technique at 25^{\circ}C. In adsorption experiments a Langmuir type (L) adsorption was found with respect to the Giles classification system. Binding parameters such as initial binding constant (K_{i}), equilibrium constant {\it (K)}, monolayer coverage (n), site-size (u), and maximum fractional occupancy (\hat{\theta}), and thermodynamic parameters such as heat of adsorption (\Delta H), free energy of adsorption (\Delta G) and entropy of adsorption (\Delta …

The Facile Synthesis Of Cyclopentanoid Antibiotic Kjellmanianone, Ayhan S. Demi̇r, Cihangir Tanyeli̇, Volkan Gülbeyaz, Hülya Akgül

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The synthesis of cyclopentanoid antibiotic Kjellmanianone is described in this study. The C-acylation of lithium enolates of 3-Methoxycyclopentenone by N-carbomethoxyimidazole or methylcyanoformate \beta-ketoester, which when oxidized with Mn(III) acetate produces kjellmanianone in good yield.

Oxidative Coupling Of Methane On Lnba_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-X} Superconductors, N. T. Shamilov, V. P. Vislovskii, E. A. Mamedov, S. M. Aliyev, A. I. Suleimanov, E. G. Ismailov

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The superconducting oxides LnBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-x} (Ln=Y, Gd, Er, Yb, Lu) showed poor selectivity in the oxidative coupling of methane. The addition of 0.5 mol. %Li_{2}O to these materials considerably enhanced the yield of C_{2} hydrocarbons. This effect was related to both lower redox property and higher basicity of Li-doped catalysts as compared to those of undoped ones.

An Amperometric Biosensor For The Determination Of Organophosphorus Pesticides, Azmi Telefoncu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Organophosphorus pesticides are inhibitors of cholinesterase and this enzyme is used as a monitoring system for pesticides containing organophosphorus compounds. The decrease in activity of cholinesterase is monitored by the choline sensor and is correlated to the concentration of pesticide present in solution. According to this observation a biosensor for pesticides was determined. This biosensor consists of a Clark oxygen electrode, modified with cellulose acetate and dialysis membranes. Between the two membranes there are two immobilized enzymes: acetyl-cholinesterase and choline oxidase.

Deacidification Of High Acid Olive Oil By Immobilized Lipase, Ayşe Makasçi, Kadir Arisoy, Azmi Telefoncu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The acidity reduction of high acid oils prior to refining could be an attractive application for industry. In this study the enzymatic deacidification degummed and dewaxed olive oil with a high free fatty acid content, catalysed by an immobilized lipase was optimzed (Novozym 435). The optimum amount of substrate for synthesizing trigliycerides was the necessary stoichiometric amount of fatty acid and glycerol. The mixing was performed with a mechanical stirrer and the dehydration was performed by vacuum pump or by bubbling dry nitrogen. The dehydration rate was faster than the deacidification rate. The four parameters chosen for this experimental plan: …

A New Flavanone From Teucrium Alyssifolium, G. Topcu, C. Eris, S. Kurucu A. Ulubelen

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

From the aerial parts of {\it Teucrium alyssifolium} in addition to previously obtained {\it neo-}clerodane diterpenoids, a new flavanone alysifolinone and three flavones cirsiliol, cirsilineol and luteolin-6,7,3', 4'-tetramethyl ether, were isolated. The structure of the compounds was established by spectral data, and by TLC comparison for the known compounds. Keywords: Teucrium alyssifolium, Lamiaceae, flavanone, alysifolinone, flovones.

A Comparison Of Normal(-Cn) And Reversed (C-18) Phase Chromatographic Behaviour Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, S. Fatma Aygün, Mustafa Özci̇mder

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Because of the well-known carcinogenic and mutagenic character of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), still new methods have been tried for their qualitative and quantitative determinations in various smaples. Liquid chromatography is one of the most widely applied techniques. In this study we used liquid chromatography in normal and reversed phase modes for the determinations of PAHs and tried to find a relation between the retention times and various parameters, such as molecular shape, water solubility and number of carbon atoms.

Adsorption Of Monovalent Cationic Dyes On Some Silicates, Oğuz İnel, Ayşegül Aşkin (Börekçi̇)

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Adsorption of two cationic dyes, methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG), was studied on the bentonite, sepiolite and zeolite samples by the batch equilibration technique using a spectrophotometer. In addition, cation exchange capacities (CEC) of samples were determined by NH_4^{+} saturation using Kjeldhal distillation. The adsorption data was found to conform with the Langmuir equation within the concentration range studied, and Langmuir constants were determined for each of the samples. It was observed that the amount of dyes adsorbed was in excess of CEC in the case of bentonite and sepiolite. The adsorption capacities of the samples for both …

Investigation Of Adsorption Isotherms Used For Wool Dyeing By Aqueous Extraction Of Cehri Fruit (Fructus Rhamni Petiolari) And Dyeing Of Wool And Silk Accompanied By Various Mordants, A. Haluk Aydin, Fuat Güzel, Zeki Tez

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, adsorption isotherms were obtained by processing wool with dyestuff solutions of different concentrations extracted from cehri fruit with water. These isotherms follow the Nernst equation; the Nernst constant was determined and interpreted. In addition, wool and silk fibres were dyed with the same dyestuff solution and various mordants. Colours having a high fastness which could be used on an industrial scale were produced.

The Effect Of Examination Stress On The Levels Of Zn^{2+}, Total Protein, Albumin In Serum And Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes In Erythrocytes, Nazan Demi̇r, Yaşar Demi̇r, Ali Yildirim, Ö. İrfan Küfrevi̇oğlu, Ebubekir Bakan

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, the levels of Zn^{2+}, total protein and albumin in the serums of students with temporarily examination stress without any physical illnes were determined and the relationship between these values was evaluated. Furthermore, the change in the activity of carbonic anhydrase metaloenzyme with Zn^{2+} and in the rates of carbonic anhydrase I and carbonic anhydrase II were also investigated. With this aim, blood samples were taken from 100 students just before examination and from 20 control subjects. Zn^{2+} levels were determined enzymatically, while total protein and albumin assays were done with an autoanalyzer. Carbonic anhydrase activity was measured …

Synthesis Of 2,4-Dihydro-4-(2-Phenylethyl)-5-(Isomeric Pyridyl)-3h-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Thiones And Their Derivatives., Rashid Iqbal, Khosrow Zamani, Nasim H. Rama

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Intramolecular cyclization of the three isomeric 1,4-disubstituted thiosemicarbazides 3(a-c) in aqueous sodium hydroxide was attempted to obtain 2,4-dihydro-4-(2-phenylethyl)-5-(isomeric pyridyl)- 3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones 4(a-c). Each of the three isolated triazoles was separately treated with benzyl chloride and with chloroacetic acid to furnish the corresponding benzylthio 5(a-c) and carboxymethylthio derivatives 6(a-c), respectively

Latex Supported Manganese(Iii) Porphyrin Catalysts For Oxidations Of Alkenes By Hydrogen Peroxide And {\It Tert-} Butyl Hydroperoxide In The Aqueous Medium, Hayrettin Türk

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Cationic polymer latexes were prepared by emulsion copolymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride and divinylbenzene followed by quaternization with trimethylamine and used as catalyst supports for 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2, 6-dichloro-3-sulfonatophenyl)porphinatomanganese(III) chloride and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-sul- fonatophenyl)porphinatomanganese(III) chloride. The supported catalysts and water soluble analogues were used for oxidation of styrene, 1-decene and {\it cis}-cyclooctene by hydrogen peroxide and {\it tert}- butyl hydroperoxide in the aqueous phase. The oxidation of 1-decene and {\it cis}-cyclooctene failed. In the oxidation of styrene, the porphyrin catalysts in the latex were more active than in solution. The relative molar ratios of oxidant: styrene: Mn porphyrin were 1250: 750: 1, and about …

Structural Fusion Of Condensed Benzenoid Systems, Lemi Türker

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

On the basis of ring topologies, some theorems for the structural fusion of condensed benzenoids are presented. It has been proved that the oddness or evenness of the fused system is dictated by the degree of fusion.

The Sterols Of Cyclamen Coum, Nurettin Yayli, Cemalettin Baltaci

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The structures of one major and three minor constituents of sterol fraction of the Cyclamen coum have been established as stigmasterol [(22E)- (24S)- 24-ethylcholesta-\Delta ^{5,22}-dien-\beta-ol] ({\bf 1}), Poriferasterol [22E)-(24R)-24-ethylcholesta-\Delta^{5,22}-dien-3\beta- ol] ({\bf 2}), stigma-or poriferasta-\Delta^{3,5,22} triene [(22E)-24 -ethylcholesta-\Delta^{3,5,22}-trien] ({\bf 3}) stigma-or poriferosta- \Delta^{3,5,7,22}-tetraene [(22E)-24-ethylcholesta-\Delta^{3,5,7,22}- tetraene] ({\bf 4}) by spectroscopic means (NMR, EI-MS and GC-MS).

An Unusual Zinc-Promoted Reductive Retro-Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement, Yavuz Taşkesenli̇gi̇l, Metin Balci

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Bromination and dehydrobromination of exocyclic olefin {\bf 8} resulted in the formation of bromomethylene compound {\bf 9} and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement product {\bf 10}. The dehydrobromination of {\bf 10} with potassium {\it tert}-butoxide provided the corresponding bromomethyl compound {\bf 11} in high yield. Reaction of {\bf 11} with Zn-Cu couple in methanol afforded the methyl derivative {\bf 12} and the parent olefin {\bf 8}. The unusual formation mechanism of {\bf 8} has been discussed in term of a reductive retro-Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement.

A Novel And Stereospecific Synthesis Of Conduritol-E Via Cyclohexa-3,5-Diene-1,2-Diol, Ahmet Maras, Hasan Secen, Yasar Sütbeyaz, Metin Balci

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Conduritol-E was synthesized starting from cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol {\bf 1a} in six steps. Acetylation of the diol {\bf 1a} followed by bromination gave (2\alpha/1\beta, \,\, 3\beta, \,\, 4\beta)-1,2-dibromo-2,3- diacetoxy- 5-cyclohexene {\bf 3} as main product. KMnO_{4}-hydoxylation of the dibromide {\bf 3} followed by acetylation, Zn-elimination and hydrolysis afforded conduritol-E {\bf 5a}.

Study Of Interaction And Solubility Parameters Of Alkyl Methacrylate Polymers By Inverse Gas Chromatography, İsmet Kaya, Eyüp Özdemi̇r, Mehmet Coşkun

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Flory-Huggins interaction parameters (\chi) and partial molar free energies of mixing (\DeltaG^{\infty}_1) have been determined by inverse gas chromatography (i.g.c.) at temperatures 413-443 K for alkanes, acetates, ketones, aromatics, THF and methanol to estimate the polymer solubility parameters (\delta_2) of PMMA, PEMA, PİBMA and Pt-BMA. Furthermore, weight fraction activity coefficients (\alpha_1/W_1)^{\infty} of probes were calculated at infinite dilution at 413-443 K.

The Epoxidation Of Oil Obtained From The Eastern Black Sea Fishes, Eyüp Özcan, Bahri Ülküseven

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study we have investigated the suitable reaction conditions for the epoxidation of the semi-refined fish oil obtained from the fishes of eastern Black Sea, with peracetic acid. Various oxidation mixtures to reach the highest epoxyd-oxygene amount have been tested mean while the effective factors were established. In order to establish some specifications of the epoxy-product. Iodine-, hydroxyl-indices and epoxyd-oxygene percents were determined. We've also tried to explain how some reaction conditions (mole ratio of acetic acid to double bond and temperature) influenced the epoxy-product.

Ohmic Drop Compensation In Voltammetry:  Iterative Correction Of The Applied Potential, David O. Wipf

College of Arts and Sciences Publications and Scholarship

A new method of ohmic potential drop correction for use with potential step and sweep voltammetric methods is described. The method, iterative correction of the applied potential (ICAP), essentially replaces an electronic positive feedback correction with a digital positive feedback correction. This paper will present one form of the ICAP procedure, in which voltammetric current data acquired by a high-speed digital oscilloscope are used to iteratively generate a compensating potential waveform that is then synthesized by an arbitrary waveform generator. The ICAP method is advantageous for high-speed measurements, since many of the difficulties caused by electronic positive feedback compensation are …

The Synthesis Of An Organophosphorus Analog Of Acetylcholine, Jay-James R. Miller '96

Honors Projects

Acetylcholine (ACh) is the most widely studied of all neurotransmitter substances. For normal nerve function, the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) must hydrolyze ACh into its basic chemical constituents, choline and acetate. AChE is readily inhibited by organophosphorus (OP) compounds like sarin and soman--both nerve gases--as well as various pesticides. OP compounds also have been widely used to study the mechanism of ACh hydrolysis via AChE. In the 1980s, two studies using OP inhibitors examined the stereoselectivity of AChE hydrolysis. However, they yielded conflicting results. Hence, it is hoped that new studies with a novel OP compound will provide definitive information about …

Acidic Marine Biotoxins Implicated In Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning, Eoin P. Carmody

Theses

An okadaic acid (OA) etiology has been demonstrated for most outbreaks of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in Europe, An isomer of OA, dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX-2), has recently been found in Irish waters and, in 1991 and 1994, was the major toxin during prolonged infestations in cultivated mussels (Mytilus edulis) along the south-west coast of Ireland.

The OA class of DSP toxins have been analysed by HPLC using modified versions of three established fluorescent derivatisation methods. A ‘dual tag’ method for the confirmation of specific toxins has also been developed.

Survey work has been carried out over the past four years on …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Boron-Containing Polymeric Materials For Neutron Shielding Applications, Michael B. Glasgow

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The development of boron-containing polymeric materials for neutron shielding applications was undertaken. Three types of materials were characterized for physical and thermal properties: boron powder-filled epoxy composites, carborane polyamides having boron chemically bonded into the polymer, and boron-loaded polyimide thin films. Addition of amorphous submicron boron powder did not affect significantly the thermal performance of the epoxy. The 17% boron loading produced a 26% increase in compressive failure strength and a 68% increase in the compressive modulus. 0.125 inch thick specimens containing 17% boron absorbed 92% of incident neutrons from a 5-Curie Pu/Be source compared with {dollar}<{dollar}1% for the neat epoxy. Dispersion of the boron in the epoxy was improved with the addition of larger size crystalline boron powders. Carborane polyamides containing up to 35% boron were thermally stable up to 400{dollar}\sp\circ{dollar}C in air. The polymers had hydrogen/boron ratios from 2.0 to 3.8 and were soluble in several organic solvents. Polymer solutions were processed into clear, colored thin films. Boron-filled polyamic acid solutions of a PMDA-ODA polyimide containing up to 10% boron were processed into thin films. Neutron absorption of the opaque films measured in a 5-Curie Pu/Be neutron source was linear with boron concentration and film thickness. The fraction of neutrons absorbed varied linearly with boron concentration and film thickness. The applicability of boron-containing materials to the aerospace, nuclear power and accelerator industries was investigated.

Dynamic Phenomena In Organic Metal (Bedt-Ttf)3ta2f11, Juana Acrivos

Faculty Publications, Chemistry

Dynamic electron spin resonance, ESR measurements suggest that this paramagnetic, layered organic metal behaves similarly to cuprate superconductors. There is a dynamic equilibrium between doublet, D and triplet, T* states near the transition temperature to superconductivity Tc= 10±3 K; antiferromagnetic, AF resonance is observed from room temperature to ≈ 150 K, in this temperature region the temperature dependence of the D Lorentzian ESR line widths obtains a first order rate constant for the disappearance of the state (k1 = 3.5 ×107 e−111/T/s) and T* ESR is not observed, it is detected only below 44 K when the lifetime of AF …

Analysis Of The Electronic Kinetic Energy In Xenon Difluoride, Michael Fiore Amendola

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Preparation, Structure And Reactivity Of [([Eta]6-Arene)Mn(Co)3]+And [([Eta]5-Cydlohexadienyl Enone)Mn(Co)3] Complexes, John Derek Jackson

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Of Optically Active Camphorsulphonylbenzimidazoles, Mashooda Hasan, Humaira Masood, Naeema Khan, M. Zia-Ul-Haq

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The preparation of optically active camphorsulphonylbenzimidazole {(\bf 1)}, a mixture of regioisomeric 5-nitro- {\bf (2A)} and 6-nitro-{\bf (2B)} camphorsulphonylbenzimidazoles, 5-nitro-{\bf (3A)} and 6-nitro-{\bf (3B)} 2- methyl camphorsulphonylbenzimidazoles is described. In this study the structure of the purified camphorsulphonylbenzimidazoles {\bf 1, 2B, 3A} and {\bf 3B} was confirmed by their mass and ^{1}H NMR spectral analysis. The specific rotation of each pure compound is also reported.

Synthesis, Characterization And Formation Kinetics Of Sn(Ii) And (Iv)-Schiff Base Complexes, Yakup Baran, Birgül Erk

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The synthesis and characterization of Sn(II) and Sn(IV) complexes of nitrogen and oxygen ligands, {\it p}-dimethyl aminophenylenesalicyladimine ( DPS), N,N'phenylenebis(salicylaldimine)(PBS) and N, N'-triethylenetetramine bis (salicylaldimine)(TTS) are reported. The structure of free ligands and their tin complexes were determined by elemental analysis, ir and nmr measurements. The kinetics of formation of the complexes were studied by stopped-flow technique at several temperatures with \mu=0.100 M (NaClO_{ 4}). Activation parameters \Delta H^{\ast} and \Delta S^{\ast} were determined.