Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Stable Carbon And Nitrogen Isotopes Of Shell Bound Organic Matter, Implications For Modern And Ancient Food Web Dynamics, Shibajyoti Das

Dissertations - ALL

Stable isotopes are an important tool for solving biogeochemical problems and have been increasingly applied in ecosystem studies because of their utility as source-to-sink tracers and for ecological information. Elements like C and N have more than one stable isotope, and their isotopic compositions (δ15N and δ13C) vary in a foreseeable way and are specifically useful in studying global elemental cycles and energy flow through ecosystems. δ15N and δ13C of organic matter (OM) are diagnostic of an organism's diet and have been used as a proxy for trophic level reconstructions. However, because of several analytical constraints, the use of stable …

Distributed X-Ray Sources For X-Ray Imaging And Small Animal Flash Irradiator, Yuewen Tan

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Emerging distributed x-ray source technology enables new designs for x-ray imaging systems. The multi-pixel thermionic emission X-ray (MPTEX) source, a distributed x-ray source developed in our lab, was assembled and tested. With a multi-row CdTe photon-counting detector, forty-eight x-ray fan beams of MPTEX source were able to cover a 25-cm cross-sectional and 8-cm axial field of view. Tetrahedron-beam x-ray imaging techniques using MPTEX source were demonstrated.

Ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy or FLASH radiotherapy (RT) potentially can reduce normal tissue toxicity in radiation treatments. A compact irradiator that can deliver FLASH-RT treatments similar to conventional RT treatments is needed for preclinical …

Trace Metal Speciation And Impacts On Iron Oxide Transformations And Biogeochemical Cycling, Jinshu Yan

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Trace metals in anoxic aquatic systems are of great importance for iron oxide transformations and biogeochemical cycling. The presence of trace metal can alter iron oxide transformations under anoxic conditions. Trace metals are also essential for microbially-mediated biogeochemical processes occurring in anoxic wetland soils and stream bed sediments, but low availability of these elements may inhibit anaerobic element cycling and transformations. Trace metal speciation is also vital for understanding the environmental control on nutrients and contaminants. Three projects were conducted to explore trace metal speciation and its associated effect on iron oxide transformations and biogeochemical cycling. First, the Fe(II)-promoted conversion …

Exploring The Solar System Through Space And Time Via Laboratory Investigations Of Extraterrestrial Material, Kainen Lee Utt

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation reports the results of laboratory studies of lunar soil samples, gas-to-solid filamentary enstatite grains from a likely-cometary interplanetary dust particle (IDP), and exogenous clasts in the CH3 chondrite Acfer 182 that likely originated from a differentiated basaltic planetesimal. These studies were performed using multi-instrument analyses involving high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) techniques, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy (SINS), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and Raman spectroscopy. The results of these analyses are used to examine space weathering phenomena, energetic processing and radial transport in the protoplanetary disk, and the origins of igneous inclusions …

Hodge Theoretic Compactification Of Period Maps, Haohua Deng

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this article, we review some aspects regarding Hodge-theoretic completion and boundarybehavior of period maps. First, we recall some classical results on compactification of classical period domains e.g. Baily-Borel, Ash-Mumford-Rapoport-Thai. The works produced by Kato-Usui aims at generalizing Mumford’s toroidal compactification to nonclassical period domain, which depends on construction of a strongly compatible fan. We prove such a fan can not exists universally, but for a single geometric variation of Hodge structure. We proceed such a construction on a 2-parameter geometric variation coming from Hosono-Takagi’s family of Calabi-Yau threefolds of type (1, 2, 2, 1). Moreover, we briefly review the …

Properties Of Cyclic Functions, Jeet Sampat

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For $1 \leq p < \infty$, consider the Hardy space $H^p(\mathbb{D}^n)$ on the unit polydisk. Beurling's theorem characterizes all shift cyclic functions in the Hardy spaces when $n = 1$. Such a theorem is not known to exist in most other analytic function spaces, even in the one variable case. Therefore, it becomes natural to ask what properties these functions satisfy in order to understand them better. The goal of this thesis is to showcase some important properties of cyclic functions in two different settings.

1. Fix $1 \leq p,q < \infty$ and $m, n \in \mathbb{N}$. Let $T : H^p(\mathbb{D}^n) \xrightarrow{} H^q(\mathbb{D}^m)$ be a bounded linear operator. Then $T$ preserves cyclic functions, i.e. $Tf$ is cyclic whenever $f$ is, if and only if $T$ is a weighted composition operator. 2. Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a normalized complete Nevanlinna-Pick space, and let $f, g \in \mathcal{H}$ be such that $fg \in \mathcal{H}$. Then $f$ and $g$ are multiplier cyclic if and only if their product $fg$ is.

We also extend $(1)$ to a large class of analytic function spaces that includes the Dirichlet space, and the Drury-Arveson space on the unit ball $\mathbb{B}_n$ among others. Both of these properties generalize all previously known results of this type.

Quantum Curves And Asymptotic Hodge Theory, Soumya Sinha Babu

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores a 2015 conjecture of Codesido-Grassi-Marino in topologicalstring theory that relates the enumerative invariants of toric CY 3-folds to the spectra of operators attached to their mirror curves. In the maximally supersymmetric case, our first theorem relates zeroes of the higher normal function associated to an integral K2-class on the mirror curve to the spectra of the operators for curves of genus one, and suggests a new link between analysis and arithmetic geometry. On the other hand in the ’t Hooft limit, [KM, MZ] deduced from the [CGM] conjecture that the limiting values of the local mirror map …

Weighted Estimates For The Bergman And Szegö Projections, Nathan Andrew Wagner

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is a study of various weighted estimates for the Bergman and Szegö projections on domains in several complex variables. The starting point of our analysis is a bounded, pseudoconvex domain D ⊂ Cn. The Bergman and Szegö projections are both orthogonal projections onto spaces of holomorphic functions associated with D. While it is immediate that both of these operators are bounded on L2, it has been a topic of substantial interest to determine their mapping properties on Lp, where the boundary geometry of D plays amajor role. Given a linear operator T acting on measurable functions that is …

Evolution Of Eigenvalues Of A Geometric Operator Under Ricci Flow On A Riemannian Manifold, Paul Bracken

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The behavior of the eigenvalues of a geometric operator closely related to the Laplacian under Ricci flow is investigated. These depend on a coupling parameter in the operator as well as an evolution parameter which gives a flow on a compact manifold of finite dimension. The main objective is to study the monotonicity properties of the eigenvalues.

Subsurface Geophysical Investigations Of Oneida Lake Ny: Insights Into Ice Sheet Processes And Deglaciation At Termination I, Nicholas John Zaremba

Dissertations - ALL

Reconstructing the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) provides insight into understanding end-Pleistocene climate, a critical set of boundary conditions prior to the onset of Holocene climates that were optimal for human dispersal and societal growth. Constraining ice sheet dynamics, glacier retreat rates, and the timing of still-stands and readvances requires identifying glacial landforms such as moraines, drumlins, and mega-scale glacial lineations (MSGLs). Drumlins and MSGLs indicate ice sheet flow directions and provide the location of paleo-ice streams, which were accelerated and localized pathways for ice discharge. Ice streams control ice sheet mass balance; therefore, identifying the location of …

Steps Toward The Total Synthesis Of The Chrysosporazine Family, Katie Kaczynski

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with 19.3 million new cancer cases and 10 million deaths in 2020 alone. In the United States, cancer was the second leading cause of death after heart disease. One of the reasons that cancer is so frequently terminal is that cancerous cells frequently develop multidrug resistance (MDR) to frontline chemotherapeutical treatments, resulting in cancers cannot be treated and are inevitably fatal. This makes the discovery of ways to combat MDR so important in the treatment of cancer. The chrysosporazines are a family of recently discovered (2019) natural products that have …

Reduce Differential Transform Method For Analytical Approximation Of Fractional Delay Differential Equation, Tahir Naseem, Adnan Aurang Zeb, Muhammad Sohail

International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Mathematics

The study of an entirely new class of differential equations known as delay differential equations or difference differential equations has resulted from the development and application of automatic control systems (DDEs). Time delays are virtually always present in any system that uses feedback control. Because it takes a finite amount of time to sense information and then react to it, a time delay is required. This exploration was carried out for the solution of fractional delay differential equations by using the reduced differential transform method. The results are presented in a series of form that leads to an exact answer. …

Various Series Concerning The Zeta Function, Vuk Stojiljkovic

International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Mathematics

In this paper we evaluated various series concerning the ζ function. We also have shown how our Lemma can be paired up with different generating functions to produce more series as a consequence.

Multiple Attribute Decision Making Based On Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers And Its Application In The Diagnosis Of Viral Flu, Muhammad Touqeer, Ehtisham Rasool

International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Mathematics

Decision-making technique (DMT) is mostly used in artificial intelligence and cognitive sciences to elaborate individual and social perception. So, one of the most important strategies in DMT evolved in medical diagnosis scrutiny regarding the connection of symptoms and diagnosis of diseases due to uncertainty and fuzziness in the relevant information. The focus of this article is to develop a diagnostic decision making strategy for the diagnosis of Viral diseases with close related symptoms using the Interval-valued trapezoidal neutrosophic fuzzy Numbers (IVTrNFN) w.r.t multiple attribute decision making (MADM) strategy where, the attribute value is evolved to Interval-valued trapezoidal neutrosophic fuzzy number …

Nutrient Restoration Of A Large, Impounded, Ultra-Oligotrophic Western River To Recover Declining Native Fishes, Ryan S. Hardy, Tyler J. Ross, Kevin N. Mcdonnell, Michael C. Quist, Charlie Holderman, Bryan S. Stevens

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Declines in many fish populations in large, western rivers have been primarily attributed to the anthropogenic reduction of nutrient inputs and subsequent impacts to the food web. The largest known river fertilization program was implemented starting in 2005 on the Kootenai River in northern Idaho to restore resident fisheries. Annual electrofishing surveys were conducted at multiple sites in Idaho and Montana before and during nutrient addition to evaluate assemblage and population-level responses. Although few responses in fish assemblage structure were observed, the addition of liquid ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer (3 μg/L) to the Kootenai River increased fish abundance and biomass over …

An Interdisciplinary Approach To Understanding Volcanoes And Their Processes, Katherine Cosburn

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

To better understand volcanoes and their processes is important from both a fundamental science perspective and for hazard monitoring purposes. The complexity and limitations we face in pursuing such a science are numerous and this dissertation explores how an interdisciplinary approach combining physics, computer science, and volcanology can address this complexity in a straightforward and meaningful way. This is achieved through various modelling techniques across three studies: (1) a first-order analytic modelling of stratovolcano topographic shape, (2) the use of a Bayesian joint inversion on gravity and novel cosmic-ray muon measurements for imaging flat-lying subsurface density anomalies, and (3) the …

Nonequilibrium And Nonlinear Dynamics In Collective Spin Models And Implementations Using Quantum Feedback Control, Manuel H. Munoz Arias

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

Out-of-equilibrium dynamics generalizes the study of ground states of quantum Hamiltonians at zero temperature, to that of dynamical quasi-steady states of quantum systems far from equilibrium. In this dissertation I discuss dynamical quantum phase transitions and out-of-equilibrium phases of matter in models of collective spins with multi-body interactions. These models, based on collective degrees of freedom, allow an exact description of the thermodynamic limit via the mean-field description. In this limit, the nonequilibrium dynamics of properties of quantum states is mapped to the nonlinear dynamics of classical variables, and thus it can be analyzed using tools from the theory of …

Effects Of Thermal Radiation On Jeffery Hamel Flow For Stretchable Walls Of Newtonian Fluid: Analytical Investigation, Umar Khan, Adnan Abbasi, Naveed Ahmed, Basharat Ullah

International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Mathematics

A viscous, incompressible fluid flows between two inclined planar walls. The walls are able to extend and decrease in size. By substituting an appropriate dimensionless variable, the dimensional partial differential equations of the flow model can be transformed into nondimensional ordinary differential equations. Solving nondimensional velocity and temperature in the model is made possible by the use of an analytical approach known as Adomian's decomposition (AD). Runge-Kutta techniques of order four are used to calculate numerical solutions to ensure the correctness of the analytical answer. On velocity and temperature, the impact of several dimensionless physical quantities embedded in the flow …

Homotopy Analysis Method For Non-Linear Schrodinger Equations, Naveed Imran, Raja Mehmood Khan

International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Mathematics

This paper applies Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) to obtain analytical solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Numerical results clearly reflect complete compatibility of the proposed algorithm and discussed problems. Several examples are presented to show the efficiency and simplicity of the method.

Numerical Analysis Of A Falling Circular Particle Passing Through A Fluid Channel Having Diamond Shaped Obstacles, Kamran Usman

International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Mathematics

It has been analyzed that the particle motion inside a vertical channel while passing across diamond shaped obstacles produces severe effects on the fluid. Particle interaction with outer boundary, internal obstacles and with the fluid is inspected. An Eulerian based approach using a computational mesh is used in which solid particles are allowed to move freely in fluid domain. Fluid and particle interaction inside the whole domain is carried using Fictitious boundary method (FBM). A multigrid finite element method combined with the fictitious boundary method (FEM-FBM) is used for the simulation of in-compressible fluid flow along with rigid particle falling …

Joule And Viscous Dissipation Effects On Mhd Boundary Layer Flow Over A Stretching Sheet With Variable Thickness, Asif Mahmood, Saleem Ahmed, Huma Iram

International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Mathematics

This paper is aimed to investigate the influence of Joule and viscous dissipation effects on boundary layer flow over a stretching sheet with variable thickness and surface temperature. The flow is subjected to space dependent magnetic field applied normal to the sheet. Mathematical modeling is done under boundary layer approximations. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations via appropriate similarity transformations. The resulting set of nonlinear equations is solved numerically. The impact of various physical parameters on velocity and temperature profiles is analyzed. Also, their effects on skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are presented and …

Numerical Investigation Of Viscous Fluid Flow And Heat Transfer In The Closed Configuration Installed With Baffles, Afraz Hussain, Aqsa Afzal, Rashid Mahmood

International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Mathematics

In this study, the flow and heat transfer of viscous fluid features inside the closed configuration with a heated baffles are investigated. Due to the non-linearity of the model, the numerical approach is adopted to get the solution. Initially, the governing equations were discretized in the 2D domain using the Finite Element Method (FEM). To improve accuracy, a hybrid mesh is built at a coarse level, then the grid refinement level is increased. The baffle gap (B.g) is varied from 0.2 to 0.6 and three Reynolds numbers are chosen for this investigation: . The Grashof number is fixed in all …

Homotopy Analysis Method For Solving System Of Non-Linear Partial Differential Equations, Naveed Imran, Raja Mehmood Khan

International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Mathematics

This paper applies Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) to obtain analytical solutions of system of non-linear partial differential equations. Numerical results clearly reflect complete compatibility of the proposed algorithm and discussed problems. Moreover, the validity of the present solution and suggested scheme is presented and the limiting case of presented findings is in excellent agreement with the available literature. The computed solution of the physical variables against the influential parameters is presented through graphs. Several examples are presented to show the efficiency and simplicity of the method.

On Inequalities Of Trapezium Type Via Fractional Integrals Operators, Muhammad Muddassar, Tahira Jabeen, Hira Perveen

International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Mathematics

In this article, we get solutions of some integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type and using the approach of ($\psi$,$h$)-Convex function by the way of Riemann-Liouville Fractional integrals and Katugampola Fractional integral operators.

Human Trafficking And Machine Learning: A Data Pipeline From Law Agencies To Research Groups, Nathaniel Hites

Computer Science and Engineering Theses and Dissertations

Human trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery that, while highly illegal, is more dangerous with the advancements of modern technology (such as the Internet), which allows such a practice to spread more easily and quickly all over the world. While the number of victims of human trafficking is large (according to non-profit organization Safe House, there are estimated to be about 20.5 million human trafficking victims, worldwide (“Human Trafficking Statistics & Facts.” Safe Horizon)- co-erced or manipulated by traffickers into either forced labor, or sexual exploitation and encounters), the number of heard cases is proportionally low- several thousand successful …

The Effect Of Surface Gas/Liquid Entrapment On Drag Reduction, Haosen Tan

Mechanical Engineering Research Theses and Dissertations

Economic globalization has made today’s world more closely linked, where transportation (e.g. shipping, pipeline) has played an important role. Approximately over 60% (in air), 80% (underwater), and 100% (in pipeline) propulsive power is used to overcome surface drag, so reducing surface drag will have a substantial impact economically and environmentally.

To develop a surface that has lower drag, the intuitive idea is to convert no-slip boundary conditions to slip or partial slip ones. To achieve that, the most promising approach is to replace the solid-liquid boundaries completely or partially with gas-liquid or liquid-liquid boundaries, because the shear stress is much …

Examination Of Ionization In Cesium Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers With An Ion Chamber Diagnostic, Benjamin Oliker

Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

Diode pumped alkali lasers (DPALs) are leading candidates for future high power applications, with many potential utilities for the military, aerospace, communications, and scientific diagnostics. A critical step in their development is measurement and understanding of unwanted ionization processes that occur inside the laser, which decrease efficiency, reduce the usable alkali population, and increase heat load. In this dissertation, direct measurement of the ionization rate of a cesium DPAL gain medium are made for the first time, via application of an ion chamber diagnostic. Results will demonstrate that the rate of ionization is slow compared to pump absorption, with a …

Transistion Metal Chalcogenides And Phosphides For Energy Storage And Conversion Through Water Splitting, Kelsey Thompson

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

In contemporary society, there are many different ways that energy is used in daily life. From applications that require a high energy density to long-term storage in a stable manner, the requirements for energy usage are diverse. Therefore, the greater the number of uses a designed material exhibits, the more practical it may be for wide-scale manufacture. Two areas of particular interest for energy applications are fuel cells (to generate energy) and supercapacitors (to store energy). To provide cheaper and more durable alternatives for energy storage, electrodes containing CoMoO₄, NiMoO₄, CoMoS₄, NiMoS₄, …

Statistical Analyses Of Hemp Cannabinoid Test Results, Rachel J. Stegmeier

Senior Honors Projects, 2020-current

Cannabis sativa L. is a flowering plant used for recreational and industrial purposes that produces a class of compounds called cannabinoids. Industrial hemp is a strain of Cannabis sativa L. that has been propagated to have a low Δ 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹THC) and a high cannabidiol (CBD) content. With recent advancements in legislation, farms are now growing hemp for fiber, CBD production and other hemp derived product purposes but crops risk being destroyed if THC content levels exceed the current maximum legal limit of 0.3%. For the present study hemp samples were dried, ground, extracted with various alcohols, …

Political Corruption And Corporate Risk-Taking, Hinh Khieu, Nam H. Nguyen, Hieu V. Phan, Jon A. Fulkerson

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

We use variation in corruption convictions across judicial districts in the US to examine the relationship between political corruption and risk-taking of public firms. Firms headquartered in regions with high levels of political corruption have lower total risk and lower idiosyncratic risk on average. Further analysis shows that corruption tends to encourage firms to pursue risk-decreasing investments, lower the riskiness of their operations, and decrease asset liquidity. While managerial ownership is intended to align the interests of managers and shareholders, the presence of corruption appears to encourage undiversified managers to decrease risk-taking. Our evidence is consistent with agency theory and …