Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Bromination Of 1,1,1-Ethanetriacetic Acid, John A. Gurney

Theses and Dissertations

Essential to the entire field of Organic Chemistry is the nature of the carbon to carbon bond. Our current concepts and guiding principles concerning it are almost solely constructed from aliphatic compounds, certain simple ring species, and aromatic systems. Except for special cases, aliphatic and aromatic types are felt to be mildly strained or free from internal tension while the alicylic small and medium ring compounds are the so-called strained molecules. These strained compounds involve bending back or compression of two of the four carbon bonds from an equilibrium position. Distortions of more complex origin occur in the paracyclophanes and …

The Magnesium-Hydrogen System, J. Frederick Stampfer Jr.

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The motivating factor for this investigation of the magnesium-hydrogen system was the recent interest in the hydride of beryllium. Although beryllium hydride has been prepared by the pyrolysis of di-t-butylberyllium, no evidence for the direct union of beryllium and hydrogen has been reported. It was thought that an examination of the reaction between magnesium and hydrogen and determination of the thermodynamic relations involved might have a bearing on this phenomenon. Also, the properties of magnesium hydride are interesting from an over-all periodic table viewpoint. The hydrides of beryllium and magnesium are usually considered to be intermediary between the saline, or …

Investigation In The Use Of Infrared Absorption Spectrophotometry, Richard Henry Murcott

Honors Theses

Three rather unrelated projects in infrared spectrophotometry were carried out by the writer. First, some effort was expended in trying to find cell windows which were suitably transparent to infrared radiation and yet water insoluable. Secondly, B, the effects of dilution on certain w-lactams was investigated to check for hydrogen bonding effects on their spectra. Thirdly, C, some trial investigations were made using a silver chloride polarizer unit recently acquired for use with the Perkin-Elmer Model 21 spectrophotometer.

A Study Of Methyl Ethyl Ketone And Butanol-2 By Gas-Liquid Partition Chromatography, Ronald John Dubois

Honors Theses

The problem of analysis of commercial and student preparations of butanol-2 from methyl ethyl ketone by gas-liquid partition chromatography is presented. The retention times of butanol-2 and methyl ethyl ketone are determined under varying conditions of temperature, flowrate, carrier gas, column packing and fixed phase concentrations. Optimum conditions are selected for the separation of butanol-2 and methyl ethyl ketone. Several methods are discussed for the quantitative interpretation of the data. The presence of an unknown component in commercial methyl ethyl and ketone and butanol-2 is found and possible identification is discussed. A brief outline of the apparatus is involved and …

Dielectric Constant-Temperature Relationship In Some Chlorinated Phenyl Ethers, Raymond Stuart Martin

Honors Theses

Dielectric liquids play an important role in the transmission, distribution, and use of electrical energy. A liquid is arbitrarily classed as a dielectric if its volume resistivity is 10(10) ohm-centimeters or greater. (An ohm-centimeter is the resistance between opposite faces of one cubic centimeter of the liquid.) Transformers, circuit breakers, cables, and capacitors are among the more common devices using liquid dielectrics. The chief electrical properties which determine the performance of a dielectric liquid are its ability to resist breakdown under electrical stress, its dielectric constant (or specific inductive capacity), and its loss factor - the energy loss per unit …

The Extraction Of Scandium, Yttrium, And Lanthanum Using Various Monoalkyl Orthophosphoric Acids, Clarence Gerald Warren

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The separation of lanthanum, yttrium, and the rare earth elements from their ores has been a challenge to the chemist for many years. The similarity in chemical properties has made their separation a problem of extraordinary difficulty. Fractional crystallization has been the classical method utilized in the past, although individual elements have been isolated by oxidation or reduction to other than the tripositive oxidation state (1). Recently ion exchange and solvent extraction methods have become more important as a means of separation of these elements. Both of these techniques depend upon fractional differences in the distribution of compounds or ions …

Absorption Of Antimony(Iii) And Indium From Anhydrous Acetic Acid By Ion Exchange Resins, Robert Tor Lofberg

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Organic ion exchange resins are a comparatively recent development. In 1935 Adams and Holmes prepared the first ion exchange resin by polymerizing polyhydric phenols with formaldehyde. The condensation product exhibited definite reversible cation exchange properties. The success of this experiment led them to the development of the first anion exchange resin which was prepared by the polymerization of phenylenediamine with formaldehyde. The publication of these experiments inspired many similar investigations leading directly to the manufacture of the numerous ion exchange resins now commercially available.

Preparation Of Some Substituted Tryptamines, Robert Lockwood Perry

Honors Theses

The object of this work was to prepare some tryptamine derivatives in the hopes of enhancing some moderate central nervous system activity previously found in this laboratory in a related compound. In particular to prepare derivatives substituted in the 2 position by H or alkyl, in the 5 position by an H, alkyl or aralkyl oxygen function, and on the amine by a reduced amino acid residue

Corrosion Behavior Of Zircaloy, Alan Blair Riedinger

Honors Theses

Zirconium base alloys are widely used in water cooled nuclear reactors where their high cost is offset by their low neutron cross section and relatively good resistance to corrosion in water. Although the amount of corrosion is quite small, an accurate estimate of the amount to be expected is required for good reactor design. 'This estimate is made by extrapolating available data to the expected life of the reactor. For valid approximations it is necessary to know the form of this corrosion rate curve.

The Photoreduction Of Indigo Carmine Flavin Mononucleotide And Diphosphopyridine Nucleotide, By Illuminated Chloroplasts, M. Odell Hobbs

Theses and Dissertations

An investigation was made of the photoreduction of indigo carmine dye and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) by an illuminated sugar beet leaf homogenate in the presence of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol dye (DPIP) and ascorbic acid. DPIP and ascorbate were absolutely required for the reaction. Reconstitution experiments indicated a requirement for a heat-labile factor present in the supernatant fluid following centrifugation of the leaf homogenate. This factor activated the photoreduction of indigo carmine more than 20 times. The photoreduction of FMN was activated 2 times by this factor. Studies on the stoichiometry of indigo carmine photoreduction revealed that one mole of ascorbate was photooxidized …

The Use Of The Neutral Bis-Cyclopentadienyl Metal Compounds Of Iron, Cobalt, And Nickel In The Catalysis Or Hydrogen­Ation Reactions, Andrew Jackson Chadwell Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations

The neutral bis-cyclopentadienyl metal compounds of iron, cobalt, and nickel were prepared and studied as possible sources of catalytically active iron, cobalt, and nickel. Nickelocene and cobaltocene are re­duced to the free metal and cyclopentane in cyclohexane solution with hydrogen in the absence of a catalyst using hydrogen at 1000 psi. The reduction of nickelocene takes place at 60°, and the reduction o! cobaltocene occurs at 160-170°. Induction periods were observed. The hydrogen reduction of ferrocene was not achieved. The hydrogenation reactions of benzene , cyclohexene , acetone , ethyl laurate , nitrobenzene , and nitroethane were studied with nickelocene …

Studies Of The Solvent Extraction Of Cadmium And Silver Dithizonates, Frank Falkoner Dyer

Doctoral Dissertations

(From the Summary)

Studies of masked and non-masked extractions of cadmium and silver dithizonates have been made from aqueous solutions into various organic solvents containing dithizone. The term, masked extraction, was used to designate extractions from aqueous solutions containing chemical species which complex with the ions of silver and cadmium. The term, non-masked extraction, was applied to extractions from aqueous solutions containing the perchlorate ion which was assumed not to form complexes with the ions of silver and cadmium. Cadmium dithizonate extractions were made from aqueous solutions into chloroform, and silver dithizonate extractions were made from aqueous solutions …

The Effect Of Ph On The Setting Of Silicic Acid Gels, Ella Rose Kunes

Honors Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of pH on the time of set of silicic acid gels and to find out how the pH changes as the sol stands, during the setting process. Several theses and papers on the effect of pH on the setting of silicic acid gels have already been written by C.B. Hurd and students at Union College (2, 30, .33-35, 38, 42, 70 ) . This time we were particularly .interested in . getting accurate results for the alkaline region. The silicic acid gels were made by reaction of sodium silicate and …

The Use Of Chelating Agents In Inorganic Analysis, Richard K. Vitek

Masters Theses

"The objectives of this investigation were; (1) to improve the existing gravimetric method of analysis for palladium with dimethylglyoxime by adding EDTA to the solution to chelate interfering metal ions: (2) to develop a new and better gravimetric method of analyses for palladium with a different organic ligand and employing a chelating agent such as EDTA or NTA to remove the interference of foreign ions"--Introduction, page 2.

A Kinetic Study Of The Base Catalyzed Esterification Of Acetic Anhydride With Ethyl Alcohol Using A High Frequency Oscillometer, William E. Lowery

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

It is the purpose of this investigation to determine the feasibility of using a 120 megacycle oscillometer for kinetic studies in non-aqueous solutions by studying the reaction rate of the base catalyzed esterification of acetic anhydride.

Reactions Of Carbonyl Compounds With Amberlite Ir-45, Nathaniel Joseph Lane Jr.

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

It is the purpose of this thesis to explore the experimental relationships which exist between Amberlite IR-45 and various carbonyl compounds with the hope that the knowledge obtained may ultimately form the basis of a new separation technique.

Preparation Of Compounds Of Potential Physiological Activity: Amino And Thio Esters Of Substituted Benzilic And Glycolic Acids And Related Compounds, Dan Millard Glenn

Doctoral Dissertations

Interest in medicinal chemistry has been high during the last two decades all over the world, and particularly in the United States. It has been stimulated by improved methods of clinical diagnosis and the ensuing demands for new corrective and curative agents, by the need for better medicinals in the treatment of the growing number of aged individuals, by the urgency of wartime search for anti-infectious drugs, by the greater significance of pharmaceutical theories, and by the unpredicated expansion of the American pharmaceutical industry. The proof of the structure of most vitamins and of many internally secreted products and the …

An Investigation Of The Reduction Of Carbon-Carbon Unsaturation By Alkali Metals In Liquid Ammonia, Donald Richard Larkin

Doctoral Dissertations

Introduction: The properties of liquid ammonia are similar in many ways to those of water. Liquid ammonia has the very high specific heat of 1.10 calories per gram. Hydrogen bonding occurs to a considerable degree although not as extensively as in water. Evidence of hydrogen bonding as reflected in boiling points is shown in Table I. The dielectric constant is 22 at -33° which is also very high for a solvent which is comparatively inert to reactive metals. (Hexane has a dielectric constant of 1.87.) Liquid ammonia is a much better solvent for organic compounds than water. Even such large …

Preparation Of Compounds Of Potential Physiological Activity: Derivatives Of Benzilic, Substituted Acetic And Substituted Glycolic Acids And Substituted Butanones, Thomas Alexander Magee

Doctoral Dissertations

The continuing search of chemists, physiologists and medical researchers for natural and synthetic compounds which will alleviate or cure the illnesses of mankind constitutes a fascinating episode in the history of scientific endeavor. One chapter of this history is necessarily concerned with efforts to synthesize better, more useful antispasmodics. To present a comprehensive critical review of these efforts would require an extensive treatise and will not be attempted here. Several reviews are available which cover the literature to around 1950. The present survey will be a brief resume of the more pertinent material to the present time. It is hoped …

An Investigation Of Techniques For The Separation Of Hydrogen And Deuterium: Part I: Zone Refining Of Mixtures Of Ordinary And Heavy Water; Part Ii: The Reaction Of Iron With Mixtures Of Ordinary And Heavy Water; Part Iii: Gas Chromatography With Hydrogen And Deuterium Samples, Carl Owens Thomas

Doctoral Dissertations

The separation factor for a single fractional crystallization in the H₂O-D₂O system is much too small, and the required freezing rate is too slow for a batch process to give a useful separation of the isotopic forms of water. The purpose of this work was to continue some preliminary experiments on zone refining in the H₂O-D₂O system and to attempt to determine whether or not the technique would be useful for the separation of heavy water from ordinary water.

Adsorption Studies Of Organic Compounds On The Hydrogen Electrode Using A Microcoulometric Technique, Philip Lamar Oglesby

Master's Theses

This work was concerned with the adsorption of various organic compounds and their effect on the hydrogen electrode where adsorption is defined as the accumulation of a chemical substance at the boundary separating two phases. In this case, the two phases were the electrode and the ionic solution surrounding it.

The Synthesis Of Some Methyl Substituted 3,4-Benzpyrenes, Jules L. Adelfang

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

3,4-Benzpyrene (I), a highly carcinogenic hydrocarbon was first isolated from coal tar in 1933 by Cook, Hewett, and Hieger. Interest in the relationship of structure to carcinogenic activity and correlation of physical properties with carcinogenic potency led to the synthesis of several monomethyl 3,4-benzpyrenes during the decade following the isolation of the parent hydrocarbon. Detailed reviews concerned with the various phases of this research have been prepared. Recently the synthesis of the 1-^2, 7-^3, 8-^(2,5), and 10-^4 methyl-3,4-benzpyrenes completed the series of reported monomethyl derivaives.

The Preparation And Catalytic Properties Of Rhenium Blacks Obtained By Reduction Of Re(Vii) In Anhydrous Ammonia And Amines With Alkali Metals, David William Seegmiller

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the investigation was to determine the catalytic activity of rhenium blacks obtained by reduction of rhenium salts in alkali metal-ammonia or amine systems. A review is presented on the chemical, physical and catalytic properties of rhenium, and on the rhenide ion, on the nature of the alkali metal-liquid ammonia system, and the reduction of metallic salts therein. The first reduction system studied was that obtained by dissolving sodium in liquid ammonia. The salts reduced in this system were KReO_4, Re_2O_7 and NH_4ReO_4. The reduction of KReO_4 was unsuccessful, and the heptoxide was difficult to handle. The product …

Rhenium Catalysis I. Hydrogenation And Hydroformylation Using Rhenium Carbonyl Compounds ; Ii. Hydrogenation Using Catalysts Obtained From The Reduction Of Perrhenates With Metals In Aqueous Solution, Terry G. Selin

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this work was to investigate the catalytic activity in both hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions of rhenium preparations which have not been previously characterized. Rhenium pentacarbonyl was prepared in good yield from rhenium heptoxide and carbon monoxide. The optimum conditions for preparation were 25 hours per gram of dry rhenium heptoxide at 250° under 3000 psig. (initial) of carbon monoxide. Rhenium chloropentacarbonyl was prepared in 62% yield from potassium chlororhenite and carbon monoxide at high temperatures and pressures. The iodopentacarbonyl was prepared in 29% yield from potassium perrhenate, methyl iodide, and carbon monoxide. The preparation of rhenium hydrocarbonyl …

Some Properties Of Surface Films Formed By Adsorption Of N-Nonadecanoic Acid On Mechanically Activated Metal Surfaces, Tomlinson Fort Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations

The Problem: The work reported here is concerned with the adsorption of n-nonadecanoic acid onto freshly machined metal surfaces. The work done is a direct continuation of that begun by Smith and Allen and continued by McGill whose experimental techniques have largely been adopted. The investigation involves the adsorption of a typical polar organic molecule onto "clean" metal surfaces, prepared under rather rigidly controlled and unique conditions in a system from which the usual surface contaminants are believed to be absent. The purpose of these studies is to gain some insight into the properties of metal surfaces themselves, the …

A Study Of Cholesterol And Lecithin Blood Levels In Rh Sensitized Women Treated With Rh Hapten, Franklyn Lewis

Masters Theses

The Problem And Its Background

Introduction

Perhaps one of the most popular subjects, and a subject which has been discussed a great deal by the layman is that of Rh and Rh incompatibilities.

Landsteiner¹ discovered the Rh property of human blood by means of immune sera prepared with the blood of rhesus monkeys. He was assisted in this work by Wiener², who states that the Rh property was found to be present in about 85% of white individuals, and independent of the blood groups and M-N type. It is these individuals who are referred to as Rh …

The Isomer Distribution In The Sulfonation Of Iodobenzene, Joseph A. Knight

Theses and Dissertations

Using the isotope dilution technique, the distribution of isomers was determined when iodobenzene was sulfonated with sulfur trioxide in liquid sulfur dioxide. The active isotope was S^35. Before this distribution could be established, it was necessary to prepare the pure isomers of iodobenzenesulfonic acid. These were prepared by diazotization of the corresponding aminobenzenesulfonic acids. Since o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid was not readily available, it was necessary that it be synthesized before the diazo reactions could be carried out. Considerable work has been done on the development of a method whereby the bromobenzenesulfonic acids could be synthesized and obtained in pure form. Some …

The Chemical Behavior Of Iodine At Tracer Concentrations, Henry Morris Eiland

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Radio-chemistry was introduced as a separate branch of chemistry by Pierre and Marie Curie in 1898. The first radio-chemical process consisted of the separation and identification of the new element Polonium from the uranium ores pitchblende and chalcalite. It is significant that this process involved an amount of material so small that it could be detected only by its intense radioactivity. In the last half-century radio-chemistry has developed into a field of ever increasing diversification.

The Enzymatic Synthesis And Disproportionation Of Galactosyl Oligosaccharides, Carl L. Tipton

Open Access Master's Theses (through 2010)

It was the purpose of this experiment to obtain unequivocal evidence for the suggested structures of the new oligosaccharides and to obtain evidence in support of the transgalactosylation mechanism of action of the enzyme studied.

Five of the galactosyl oligosaccharides produced during the hydrolysis of lactose by an enzyme prepared from Saccharomyces fragilis have been isolated in chromatographically pure form.The three having the highest chromatographic mobilities have been shown to be 3-0-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose, 6-0-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose and 6-0-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactose.The positions of the glycosidic linkages in these compounds were determined by use of the lead tetra-acetate oxidation procedure.These three disaccharides have been characterized by measurement …

Gas Chromatography, Ladislav Henry Berka

Honors Theses

Literature pertaining to gas chromotography is reviewed. Methods included are: gas adsorption, gas-liquid partition, and adsorption displacement. After a suitable apparatus was assembled, preliminary work was done by the author, using techniques described in the literature, for the separation and detection of the oxides of nitrogen by gas chromatography