Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Photoluminescence Switching In Quantum Dots Connected With Fluorinated And Hydrogenated Photochromic Molecules, Ephraiem S. Sarabamoun, Jonathan M. Bietsch, Pramod Aryal, Amelia G. Reid, Maurice Curran, Grayson Johnson, Esther H. R. Tsai, Charles W. Machan, Guijun Wang, Joshua J. Choi

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

We investigate switching of photoluminescence (PL) from PbS quantum dots (QDs) crosslinked with two different types of photochromic diarylethene molecules, 4,4'-(1-cyclopentene-1,2-diyl)bis[5-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid] (1H) and 4,4'-(1-perfluorocyclopentene-1,2-diyl)bis[5-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid] (2F). Our results show that the QDs crosslinked with the hydrogenated molecule (1H) exhibit a greater amount of switching in photoluminescence intensity compared to QDs crosslinked with the fluorinated molecule (2F). With a combination of differential pulse voltammetry and density functional theory, we attribute the different amount of PL switching to the different energy levels between 1H and 2F molecules which result in different potential barrier …

Evidence Of Direct Interaction Between Cisplatin And The Caspase-Cleaved Prostate Apoptosis Response-4 Tumor Suppressor, Krishna K. Raut, Samjhana Pandey, Gyanendra Kharel, Steven M. Pascal

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) tumor suppressor protein has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target owing to its unique ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells, sensitize them to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and mitigate drug resistance. It has recently been reported that Par-4 interacts synergistically with cisplatin, a widely used anticancer drug. However, the mechanistic details underlying this relationship remain elusive. In this investigation, we employed an array of biophysical techniques, including circular dichroism spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, to characterize the interaction between the active caspase-cleaved Par-4 (cl-Par-4) fragment and cisplatin. Additionally, elemental analysis was …

Stabilization Of Pfas-Contaminated Soil With Sewage Sludge- And Wood-Based Biochar Sorbents, Erlend Sørmo, Clara Benedikte Mader Lade, Julie Zhang, Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos, Geir Wold Åsli, Michel Hubert, Aleksandar I. Goranov, Hans Peter H. Arp, Gerard Cornelissen

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Sustainable and effective remediation technologies for the treatment of soil contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are greatly needed. This study investigated the effects of waste-based biochars on the leaching of PFAS from a sandy soil with a low total organic carbon content (TOC) of 0.57 ± 0.04% impacted by PFAS from aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) dispersed at a former fire-fighting facility. Six different biochars (pyrolyzed at 700–900°C) were tested, made from clean wood chips (CWC), waste timber (WT), activated waste timber (aWT), two digested sewage sludges (DSS-1 and DSS-2) and de-watered raw sewage sludge (DWSS). Up-flow column …

Unraveling Sources Of Cyanate In The Marine Environment: Insights From Cyanate Distributions And Production During The Photochemical Degradation Of Dissolved Organic Matter, Rui Wang, Jihua Liu, Yongle Xu, Li Liu, Kenneth Mopper

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Cyanate is a nitrogen and energy source for diverse marine microorganisms, playing important roles in the nitrogen cycle. Despite the extensive research on cyanate utilization, the sources of this nitrogen compound remain largely enigmatic. To unravel the sources of cyanate, distributions and production of cyanate during photochemical degradation of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) were investigated across various environments, including freshwater, estuarine, coastal areas in Florida, and the continental and slope regions of the North American mid-Atlantic Ocean (NATL). Cyanate production was also examined during the photochemical degradation of exudates from a typical strain of Synechococcus, an important phytoplankton …

Role Of Nitrogenous Functional Group Identity In Accelerating 1,2,3- Trichloropropane Degradation By Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (Pcm) And Sulfide Using Pcm-Like Polymers, Han Cao, Jingdong Mao, Paul G. Tratnyek, Wenqing Xu

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Groundwater contamination by 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) poses a unique challenge due to its human toxicity and recalcitrance to degradation. Previous work suggests that nitrogenous functional groups of pyrogenic carbonaceous matter (PCM), such as biochar, are important in accelerating contaminant dechlorination by sulfide. However, the reaction mechanism is unclear due, in part, to PCM's structural complexity. Herein, PCM-like polymers (PLPs) with controlled placement of nitrogenous functional groups [i.e., quaternary ammonium (QA), pyridine, and pyridinium cations (py⁺)] were employed as model systems to investigate PCM-enhanced TCP degradation by sulfide. Our results suggest that both PLP-QA and PLP-py⁺ were highly effective …

Advancements In The Synthesis Of Polyoxygenated Oxepanes And Thiepanes For Applications To Natural Products, Aditya R. Pote, Shayne M. Weierbach, Mark W. Peczuh, Kyle M. Lambert

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Oxepanes are central motifs and tenants of many biologically important molecules, and their synthetic construction often presents a challenge to chemists due to consequential entropic and enthalpic barriers that have limited the synthetic toolbox to access these seven-membered oxacycles. This review covers the breadth of synthetic methods to afford the oxepane/thiepane moiety, with a focus on polyoxygenated oxepanes and includes radical cyclizations, Lewis acid-mediated cyclizations, ring closing-metathesis, Nicholas-Ferrier rearrangement, homologations, and ring-expansion strategies. Implementation of these tactics towards sugar-based and non-sugar based (de novo) approaches is presented alongside their extensive application to the total synthesis of several complex polyoxygenated oxepane-containing …

Antarctic Polar Stratospheric Cloud Analysis Of Ace-Fts Data From 2005 To 2023, M. Lecours, C. D. Boone, P. F. Bernath

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

We present an analysis of Antarctic polar winters from 2005 to 2023 as observed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE). The unique broad band infrared spectral features in ACE “residual” spectra are used to classify the spectra of polar aerosols by composition into polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and sulfate aerosols. The spectra of PSCs are further classified into nitric acid trihydrate, supercooled ternary solutions, supercooled nitric acid, ice-mix, and mixtures of PSCs. A breakdown of PSC composition is presented for each year. Antarctic winter seasons with unusual compositions are: 2011, in which volcanic ash mixed with PSCs was observed from …

Trends In Atmospheric Composition Between 2004-2023 Using Version 5 Ace-Fts Data, Matthew Schmidt, Peter Bernath, Chris Boone, Michael Lecours, Johnathan Steffen

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) is a satellite mission that has been in orbit since 2003. The primary instrument on ACE is a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) that records infrared atmospheric transmittance spectra in the limb geometry using the Sun as a light source. Version 5 of ACE-FTS data processing contains improved volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles for 46 molecules and 24 isotopologues, including HFC-32 (CH₂F₂) and HOCl as new routine data products. VMR trends for each of the 46 molecules are reported for regions of atmospheric interest. Specifically, the longevity of the ACE mission has …

Synthetic Approaches Of Carbohydrate Based Self-Assembling Systems, Guijun Wang, Anji Chen, Pramod Aryal, Jonathan Bietsch

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Carbohydrate-based self-assembling systems are essential for the formation of advanced biocompatible materials via a bottom-up approach. The self-assembling of sugar-based small molecules has applications encompassing many research fields and has been studied extensively. In this focused review, we will discuss the synthetic approaches for carbohydrate-based self-assembling (SA) systems, the mechanisms of the assembly, as well as the main properties and applications. This review will mainly cover recent publications in the last four years from January 2020 to December 2023. We will essentially focus on small molecule self-assembly, excluding polymer-based systems, which include various derivatives of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides. Glycolipids, …

Type-B Energetic Processes: Their Identification And Implications, James Weifu Lee

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

We have now identified two thermodynamically distinct types (A and B) of energetic processes naturally occurring on Earth. Type-A energy processes, such as classical heat engines, apparently well follow the second law of thermodynamics; Type-B energy processes, such as the newly discovered thermotrophic function that isothermally utilizes environmental heat energy to perform useful work in driving ATP synthesis, follow the first law of thermodynamics (conservation of mass and energy) but do not have to be constrained by the second law, owing to their special asymmetric functions. Several Type-B energy processes such as asymmetric function-gated isothermal electricity production and epicatalysis have …

A New Approach For Discriminating Spatially Acquired Sers Spectra Using Antiretroviral Drug Emtricitabine As A Test Sample, Jana Hrncirova, Marguerite R. Butler, Meredith R. Clark, Gustavo F. Doncel, John B. Cooper

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

In this study, an antiretroviral drug emtricitabine (also known as FTC or Emtriva) was detected and quantified down to 40 ng/ml by using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Its aqueous standards were tested with two types of silver nanoparticles (colloidal and dendritic) using a specially developed aluminum well plate. The SERS spectra were acquired using a Raman scanning device with 30-mu m spatial resolution. The spectral data were analyzed using a new approach for the discrimination of the spatially acquired spectra based on the Quality index (Qi). After the Qi is calculated, the spectral data are sorted based on the Qi. …

Reiq-Mediated Alarmone Signalling Regulates Growth, Stress-Induced Biofilm Formation And Spore Accumulation In Clostridioides Difficile, Areej Malik, Adenrele Oludiran, Asia Poudel, Orlando Berumen Alvarez, Charles Woodward, Erin B. Purcell

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The bacterial stringent response (SR) is a conserved transcriptional reprogramming pathway mediated by the nucleotide signalling alarmones, (pp)pGpp. The SR has been implicated in antibiotic survival in Clostridioides difficile, a biofilm- and spore-forming pathogen that causes resilient, highly recurrent C. difficile infections. The role of the SR in other processes and the effectors by which it regulates C. difficile physiology are unknown. C. difficile RelQ is a clostridial alarmone synthetase. Deletion of relQ dysregulates C. difficile growth in unstressed conditions, affects susceptibility to antibiotic and oxidative stressors and drastically reduces biofilm formation. While wild-type C. difficile displays increased biofilm …

Reducing The Uncertainty In Estimating Soil Microbial-Derived Carbon Storage, Han Hu, Chao Qian, Ke Xue, Rainer Georg Jörgensen, Marco Keiluweit, Chao Liang, Xuefeng Zhu, Ji Chen, Yishen Sun, Haowei Ni, Jixian Ding, Weigen Huang, Jingdong Mao, Rong-Xi Tan, Jizhong Zhou, Thomas W. Crowther, Zhi-Hua Zhou, Jiabao Zhang, Yuting Liang

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change and enhancing soil productivity. Microbial-derived carbon (MDC) is the main component of the persistent SOC pool. However, current formulas used to estimate the proportional contribution of MDC are plagued by uncertainties due to limited sample sizes and the neglect of bacterial group composition effects. Here, we compiled the comprehensive global dataset and employed machine learning approaches to refine our quantitative understanding of MDC contributions to total carbon storage. Our efforts resulted in a reduction in the relative standard errors …

On (K*-N)N-Quasi Normal Operators, Aya Mazin Falih

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

The objective is to present a novel variant of a quasi-normal operator, specifically the quasi normal operator, alongside the introduction of related theorems, propositions, and illustrative examples elucidating this concept. Additionally, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions for addition and multiplication of this kind of operators.

Numerical Methods For Statistical Data Generation, Hayder Abdulabbas

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

A comprehensive comparison was undertaken between two numerical methods, namely bisection and secant methods, to generate a random variable data for distribution. two methods were suggested to acquire the initial guesses for secant and interval for the bisection method. The results of 100 cases for the choices of the parameters are shown and a comparison was made according to the number of iterations between the methods was conducted.

Using A Combination Technique Of Two Computational Methods To Solve The Integro-Differential Equation, Junaid Idrees Mustafa, Ahmed Farooq Qasim

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

The present paper investigates a mathematical technique for determining nonlinear integro-differential equations that is based on a combination of the Bownds and Range-Kutta methods. There will be a discussion of what is meant by this class of nonlinear Fredholm equations, as well as an explanation of the mathematical method for this kind of equation. The Bownds technique is used to produce the differential equations from the integral equation obtained from the integro-differential equations. Then, the approximate solution of the differential equation(s) is derived by applying the Range-Kutta method. Through solving three different examples, we prove that the combination of mathematical …

The Relationship Between Smoking And Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Most Important Developments In Cancer Treatment, Esraa Abdul Wahhab Ati

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

This research delves into the relationship between smoking and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) while highlighting the most important developments in cancer treatment. The study reveals that smoking remains the main risk factor for SCLC disease, as the majority of patients are current or former heavy smokers. The incidence and mortality rates of SCLC emphasize the urgent need for effective smoking cessation programs to fight this aggressive disease.

The research identifies compound chemotherapy as the primary first-line treatment for small cell carcinoma, especially platinum-based systems in combination with etoposide or irinotecan. These therapeutic approaches have shown significant initial response rates, …

Thermodynamic Optimization Of Diesel Engines Equipped With Shemax Injection System Using Genetic Algorithm, Salam Hussein Al-Alaq, Mohammed Khlaif Challab

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

Diesel engines equipped with spark plug injection system refer to those engines in which the mixture of natural gas and air enters the cylinder in the suction cycle and then a small amount of diesel fuel is sprayed into the cylinder during the power cycle as ignition fuel or spark plug injection. to be One of the main features of spark plug injection engines is the drastic reduction of pollution caused by diesel burning. In this research, the investigation and analysis of these engines have been done from the point of view of energy and exergy. For this purpose, the …

Association Between Cnr2 Gene Expression And The Risk Of Diabetes Mellitus Disease, Shurooq Hussein Al Jebur

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

Endocannabinoid system (ECS) implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis expenditure and energy intake. In current study we focused on specific member of ECS which is CB2R . It is expressed in splenic tissue and immune cells. CB2R is one of the newest target of drug to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. This project aimed to assess the transcript level of CB2R in diabetic mellitus patients compare with its level in control group and evaluating some biochemical parameters including (glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride). As well as to characters the correlation type between above biochemical parameters and CB2R expression in patients …

Study Of Algebra Integration And Analysis In Teaching Mathematics And Its Applications, Mohsen Taher Muslim

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

Algebra and analysis are considered the basic fundamentals in the mathematical field. Algebra deals with properties and relationships between numbers, variables, and functions. Algebra is considered a mathematical system that studies mathematical operations, mathematical relationships, and mathematical structures, while analysis focuses on studying limits, change, and integratio Research goal is to expand and deepen students understand the mathematical concepts related to algebra and analysis, and the relationships and interactions between the various concepts are analyzed and described accurately, which helps students build a strong foundation for mathematical knowledge. The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach to determine the nature …

Analysis Of The Use Of Technology In Teaching Differential Equations And Their Practical Applications, Mohsen Taher Muslim

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

Differential equations are considered one of the important topics in applied mathematics, physics, and engineering. Thanks to technological progress, it has become possible to use technology in teaching differential equations in innovative and effective ways. The use of technology in teaching differential equations helps improve students’ understanding and enhance their abilities in solving practical and applied problems. The goal of the research is to indicate that the use of interactive software and applications allows the creation of a dynamic and interactive learning environment. Students can change equations and parameters and explore to learn about the results and relationships between them. …

A Hybrid Approaches For Medical Image Compression: Survey, Hashim Adnan, Ali O Beid, Ali Al-Fayadh

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

Data compression is necessary for the storing, transfer, and manipulation of digital data in today's rapidly changing world due to the widespread use of medical technology and the vast data creation by various medical modalities. Many scientists and engineers have proposed new compression processes, methods, and algorithms in recent years. There is a discussion of the current state of these compression strategies, including their recent advances in the form of hybrid techniques, performance requirements, legal challenges, and the potential to advance medical technology.

Job Scheduling By Using Swarm Intelligent Algorithms: Survey, Ruqaya Ahmed, Luma S.Hasan

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

The job scheduling problem is used in industry, manufacturing, job planning, and the network environment to manage users jobs on the right machines with different limitations. There are three types of job scheduling problems. Firstly, job shop scheduling means each job is executed on a determined sequence of machines specified previously. While in the flow shop scheduling problem, each job can be carried on one idle sequencing using a job queue. In the third type, open shop, the sequence of jobs can be carried out on any free machine. This paper describes the various types of job scheduling problems and …

Interpolation In Non-Continuous Functions Spaces, Jawad K. Judy

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

In this research I will introduce a new method to an approximation in non-continuous functions space and estimate a degree of this approximation (Note that this function must be bounded) by define a new norm depending on union it together with a continuous function (I call it the compensation function) where the resulting functions from this union must be a continuous. This is possible for any continuous function but in this papers I will choose this function as an algebraic polynomial because our know of properties of polynomials in approximation theory Specifically, I will choose it as an interpolation polynomial …

Digital Wallets Evolution: Navigating Challenges, Innovation And The Future Landscape, Asmaa A. Mohmmed, Abdul Monem S. Rahma, Hala Bahjat Abdulwahab

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

The goal of enabling small business owners and customers to accept digital payments for cashless, safe, and effective transactions has propelled the growth of electronic wallets, commonly known as digital wallets or e-wallets. E-wallet design has made it a priority to give consumers a practical, safe, and efficient way to manage their digital assets, such as cryptocurrencies, whereas facilitating online transactions. The presented research developed a technique to pinpoint the transactional structure of digital economy's e-wallet payment system. The purpose of the presented research is to offer a reliable and trustworthy analysis which will increase public awareness of digital currency …

Synthesis, Characterization And Latent Fingerprints Detection Of Novel Azo Dye Based On Curcumin And Its Pd (Ii) Complex, Wesam Dheyab Kzar, Hasan Shamran Mohammed, Álvaro Fernández Álvarez, Vishwa Deepak Tripathi, Zizi Zahia

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

Azo dye ligand (DCPAC) namely (1E,6E)-4-((E)-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)diazenyl)-1,7- bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione was prepared by coupling diazonium salt of 2,5-dichloroaniline with curcumin in basic conditions. The ligand (DCPAC) and its Pd(II) complex were characterized by elemental analysis (C.H.N.), mass spectroscopy, 1H NMR, FT-IR, UV-Visible spectra, and molar conductivity. The molar ratio method was applied to ascertain the stoichiometric composition of pd(II) complex in aqueous solution which was 1:2 (metal ion to ligand). Azo curcumin ligand binding with Pd (II) ion used the enolate form moiety of curcumin under alkaline conditions which was observed by infrared spectra. New azo curcumin (DCPAC) and its Pd(II) complex have …

Anti-Hyperglycemic Potential Of Desplatsia Dewevrei (De Wild. & Th. Dur) Burret Methanol Seed Extract In Diabetic Wistar Rats, Macdonald Idu, Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel, Miracle Ogechukwu Osunde, Oghale Ovuakporie-Uvo Godwin

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

This study investigate the anti-hyperglycemic effect of Desplatsia dewevrei seed methanol extract in diabetic rats. A standard protocol was modified using forty (40) Wistar rats in five groups. The standard control (10 mg/kg Glibenclamide), the untreated control group (45 mg/kg streptozotocin) (STZ), and graded doses (30, 50 and 100 mg/kg) of D. dewevrei seed methanol extract were administered after inducing diabetes. The blood glucose level were observed in days 1, 7 and 14. The animals were sacrificed, blood and organ samples were isolated and analyzed for their biochemical and histopathological evaluations. The results obtained showed a significant decrease in the …

Effect Of Alcoholic Extract Of Agaricus Bisporus On Blood Profiles And Immune Response In Rats With Aspergillosis, Athraa Abbass Jawad, Neeran Obied Jasim

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

Aspergillus Fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes a range of infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of A. bisporus extract for treating A. fumigatusinduced pulmonary infection in mice. Mice were inoculated with A. fumigatus and then treated with A. bisporus extract for 21 days. We found that A. bisporus extract and voriconazole treatments affect WBC count, with the extract-treated groups and voriconazole-treated group showing lower counts compared to infected mice without treatment, A. bisporus extract-treated groups display higher RBC counts, while voriconazole treatment results in lower RBC count compared …

Using Nanotechnology To Removal Of Pollution From Water, Firas Ali Hussein Alhameedawi

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

In order to refinery the polluted water, there are some method that Nano filter be presented to this issue recently. In this research FEM analysis be applied to simulation of refinery with Nano filters. There were four Nano filter to refinery of nanoparticles in water that are zeolite, Nano carbon, nanotube and Nano magnet. Generally the Nano filter with each material has performance the 80 % up that are suitable to refinery of water. But Nano magnet and Nano zeolite has the best performance in comparison with other nanomaterial. Cavity of Nano filter should be small to better absorption of …

Antipyretic, Anti-Inflammatory And Analgesic Activity Of Polyherbal Formulation (Agbo-Iba Pmii) Used In The Treatment Of Malaria In Southern Nigeria, Pass Chidiebere Chijindu, Macdonald Idu, Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

The ideal antimalarial agent should not only possess antiplasmodial effects but also anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activities. Hence, the aims of were to investigate the antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a traditional polyherbal formulation (Agbo-Iba PMII) used to treat malaria in Southern Nigeria. The antipyretic activity was determined by employing three models viz Yeast-induced hyperthermia, D-Amphetamine-induced hyperthermia and 2, 4- Dinitrophenol-induced hyperthermia. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by employing the carrageenan induced rat paw oedema assay model. While the analgesic activity was determined by employing three models viz Acetic acid induced writhing, Hot Plate Method and Analgesy-meter Test (Randall- …