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Articles 4591 - 4620 of 6879

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Ripening Field Corn Lost To Wildlife In 1993, Alice P. Wywialowski Apr 1995

Ripening Field Corn Lost To Wildlife In 1993, Alice P. Wywialowski

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Ripening field corn lost to wildlife was measured in fall 1993 in 10 midwestern states that have produced 83% of the field corn in the United States over the past 10 years. Sampling of damage was stratified by producer expectation of likely wildlife damage or unlikely wildlife damage. Damage was assessed immediately before harvest. Two plots that measured 4.5 m x 2 rows were assessed in each selected field. Of assessed fields, wildlife damage was present in 340 of 1,259 (27.0%) likely damaged fields and 108 of 1,243 (8.7%) unlikely damaged fields. As a percentage of harvested production, birds (Aves) …

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Survey Of The Nuisance Wildlife Control Industry With Notes On Their Attitudes And Opinions, Thomas G. Barnes Apr 1995

Survey Of The Nuisance Wildlife Control Industry With Notes On Their Attitudes And Opinions, Thomas G. Barnes

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A total of 138 nuisance wildlife control operators (NWCO) attending a wildlife control operators short-course were surveyed for information about their business and attitudes regarding management of urban wildlife problems. One hundred and thirty-one (94.9% response rate) returned the survey. Seventy-two percent of the respondents operated a nuisance wildlife business. Of these respondents, 47.7% also operated a full-time pest control business. Over 65% of NWCO had been in business <5 years and 89% reported their business was successful as a result of either increased nuisance animal problems, satisfied customers, a growing customer base, enjoyment of their work, or by providing a high level of service. Over 30% of NWCO had annual billings >$ 100,000. Respondents based fees on either the animal species and number removed, on a contract or flat fee basis, or based on time and number of trips required to resolve …

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Environmental Assessment Of Wildlife Damage Control For Wildlife Protection, Michael J. Bodenchuk Apr 1995

Environmental Assessment Of Wildlife Damage Control For Wildlife Protection, Michael J. Bodenchuk

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Wildlife damage management for the protection of wildlife resources was common in the early days of wildlife management. It may once again become an important endeavor. The Utah Animal Damage Control program has conducted several projects for the protection of specific wildlife species. Case histories of these projects are discussed, and a wildlife damage management program which integrates resources as well as control technologies is presented.

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Predation Of Big Game And Livestock In The Texas Trans-Pecos, S. Kemble Canon Apr 1995

Predation Of Big Game And Livestock In The Texas Trans-Pecos, S. Kemble Canon

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Predation of livestock and big game remains a matter of concern for ranch managers and operators in the Trans-Pecos. Current evidence indicates that mountain lions (Felis concolor), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and coyotes (Canis latrans) are the primary predators involved, although little information is available on bobcats. A gradual shift from sheep to cattle management has resulted in a corresponding decrease in the intensity of predator control efforts for livestock protection. However, potential lease hunting income has renewed predator control efforts for protection of the 3 primary big game species, pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana), …

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The Efficacy Of Naphthalene And Sulfur Repellents To Cause Avoidance Behavior In The Plains Garter Snake, Dennis M. Ferraro Apr 1995

The Efficacy Of Naphthalene And Sulfur Repellents To Cause Avoidance Behavior In The Plains Garter Snake, Dennis M. Ferraro

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The efficacy of naphthalene, sulfur, and a commercial combination of these chemicals as a repellent against the plains garter snake (Thamnophis radix) was investigated. Behavioral tests were conducted using 96 recently captured snakes to determine whether significant avoidance results from the presence of these chemicals. Field tests were performed at 24 locations in the snakes' home range and in unfamiliar habitats. In both home ranges and unfamiliar habitats application of potential repellents did not result in significant avoidance behavior. The snakes may be able to sense these volatile chemicals, but the stimuli were unable to alter their behavior. …

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Frontmatter And Contents Apr 1995

Frontmatter And Contents

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

These proceedings consist of 38 presented papers on a variety of subjects relative to the prevention and control of wildlife damage. Subject sessions included: Wildlife Damage Management and the Public, Predators, Rodents, Birds, Programs and Projects, USDA-APHIS-ADC Activities, Professionalism, and General.

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Twelfth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Summary, Ronald E. Masters, J. Grant Huggins Apr 1995

Twelfth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Summary, Ronald E. Masters, J. Grant Huggins

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

No abstract provided.

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Research Priorities In Wildlife Damage Management, James E. Miller Apr 1995

Research Priorities In Wildlife Damage Management, James E. Miller

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Based on a survey of 97 wildlife damage management professionals (60% response rate of 161 mailed questionnaires), field, research, and administrative personnel felt that the top 3 current wildlife damage management (WDM) research needs were: development of more effective and efficient techniques of damage assessment, effectiveness of education and conflict resolution programs on WDM issues, and repellent/aversive techniques. Respondents indicated that human dimensions research related to effectiveness of public education and conflict resolution would be the highest future research need. Large and small mammals were identified as key species groups needing research with preventive methods and aversive agents as practices …

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Current Research On Improving Capture Devices For Coyotes, Robert L. Phillips, Kenneth S. Gruver Apr 1995

Current Research On Improving Capture Devices For Coyotes, Robert L. Phillips, Kenneth S. Gruver

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Nine types of footsnares were tested on captive coyotes (Canis latrans) at the United States Department of Agriculture Predator Research Facility. Preliminary results indicate that the E-Z Lee, Nelson, Freemont, and Godwin leg snares can be effective in restraining coyotes while causing only minor leg injuries. Additional testing will be required to determine the effectiveness of these devices in different field situations. Four types of coyote leg-hold traps were evaluated to determine the injuries they inflict on captured coyotes. The No. 3 1/2 McBride padded trap caused the least injury in comparison to 3 other trap models that …

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Depredation Of Catfish By Double-Crested Cormorants At Aquaculture Facilities In Oklahoma, Robert L. Simmonds Jr., Alexander V. Zale, David M. Leslie Jr. Apr 1995

Depredation Of Catfish By Double-Crested Cormorants At Aquaculture Facilities In Oklahoma, Robert L. Simmonds Jr., Alexander V. Zale, David M. Leslie Jr.

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Oklahoma has about 324 ha of surface water in catfish (Ictalurus spp.) production. The state also supports a large number of migrating and wintering piscivorous birds, particularly double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). To address concerns of aquaculture facility operators regarding loss of fish to cormorants, we asked 11 operators to conduct regular counts of piscivorous birds at each facility. These data were used to determine factors affecting cormorant density at facilities and to estimate amount of catfish lost to cormorant depredation. Cormorant density (birds/ha/day) was positively correlated with surface area of water in production at facilities <10 ha (r = …

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Using Sound, Visual, And Tactile Products To Repel Birds, Mona Zemsky Apr 1995

Using Sound, Visual, And Tactile Products To Repel Birds, Mona Zemsky

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Birds are typically thought of as beautiful, graceful, tuneful creatures by the general public. However, there are many reasons to control birds. Birds and their droppings can create unsightly visual conditions and an unhealthy atmosphere that promotes disease transmission. In addition, cleaning costs including time spent, and property, equipment, or product damage can cause financial loss. Some bird control products, though widely used, are not suitable in many situations. For environmental and safety reasons, poison perches, poison grain and shotguns may not be ideal choices under certain circumstances. Because of high cost and unfeasibility, netting and spikes may be inappropriate. …

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Wild Ungulate Depredation On Winter Wheat: Effects On Grain Yield, Dennis D. Austin, Philip J. Urness Apr 1995

Wild Ungulate Depredation On Winter Wheat: Effects On Grain Yield, Dennis D. Austin, Philip J. Urness

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The effects of big game grazing of winter wheat on grain yield were studied during 12 trials in northern Utah between 1990-92. Differences in yield were measured for each trial using 20 sets of 1-m2 plots protected and variously grazed by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) in a randomized block design along the edges of sampled fields. Plots were hand cut at the beginning of commercial harvest. Grazing impacts were indexed by nighttime counts of game animals, pellet-group counts, and ocular estimates of percent track …

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Canine And Gray Fox Rabies Epizootics In Texas, Keith A. Clark, Pamela J. Wilson Apr 1995

Canine And Gray Fox Rabies Epizootics In Texas, Keith A. Clark, Pamela J. Wilson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In 1994, 2 ongoing rabies epizootics were declared a state health emergency: canine rabies in South Texas and gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) rabies in West-Central Texas. Prior to 1988, rabid coyotes (Canis latrans) were infrequently reported in Texas. In 1988, Starr and Hidalgo counties, located in extreme South Texas, experienced an epizootic of canine rabies resulting in 11 laboratory-confirmed cases of canine rabies in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and 6 cases in coyotes. By 1991, the epizootic had expanded approximately 160 km north of the United States (US)-Mexico border and included 10 counties. During …

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Incidence Of Giardia In Beaver And Nutria In Southeast Texas, Brett G. Dunlap Apr 1995

Incidence Of Giardia In Beaver And Nutria In Southeast Texas, Brett G. Dunlap

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Beaver (Castor canadensis) have long been associated as carriers of Giardia, a flagellated protozoan parasite that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of its host species. However, very few studies have been conducted on Giardia occurrence in beaver populations of southeastern United States. Nutria (Myocastor coypus) are similar to beavers but have not been researched with regard to Giardia infection and transmission. From October 1992 through September 1993, 100 beaver and 30 nutria were collected from areas throughout southeast Texas as part of wildlife damage management activities. Fecal samples from each individual were examined for the occurrence …

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Biodiversity And Wildlife Damage Management, Ronald G. Eckstein, Robert C. Willging Apr 1995

Biodiversity And Wildlife Damage Management, Ronald G. Eckstein, Robert C. Willging

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The concept of managing natural resources to maintain and restore biodiversity has received increased emphasis from resource managers in recent years. Many state and federal land management agencies have incorporated biodiversity concepts into management plans and programs. Active management of both wildlife habitats and populations must increase as natural systems are simplified and fragmented by human activities. Wildlife damage management programs can be compatible with ecosystem management and maintenance of biodiversity. Species that are widespread but rare and, in particular, species with small and isolated populations remain at risk from environmental and genetic changes, competition, parasitism, and predation. There are …

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The Oral Rabies Vaccination Project And The Experimental Use Of Raboral V-Rg In The South Texas Canine Rabies Epizootic, M. Gayne Fearneyhough Apr 1995

The Oral Rabies Vaccination Project And The Experimental Use Of Raboral V-Rg In The South Texas Canine Rabies Epizootic, M. Gayne Fearneyhough

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Beginning in October 1988, Texas experienced the onset of an expanding epizootic of canine rabies in far South Texas. That epizootic now involves 18 counties, with 522 laboratory confirmed cases as of December 1994. Approximately 50% of those cases have occurred in coyotes (Canis latrans) and most of the remainder in domestic dogs. Forty-three "spill over" cases have been reported in 7 other species, both wild and domestic. Since 1988, over 1600 people in South Texas have received postexposure rabies treatment due to potential exposure to a rabid animal and 2 human deaths have been attributed to this virus strain. …

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Human Health Concerns In The Practice Of Wildlife Damage Management, John R. Fischer Apr 1995

Human Health Concerns In The Practice Of Wildlife Damage Management, John R. Fischer

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

This paper describes diseases that are transmissible from animals to human beings. In many cases, the diseases are contracted by direct contact with the animals. However, several of the diseases are associated with vectors rather than with direct animal contact. Wildlife damage control agents or other wildlife professionals often cannot avoid situations that put them at risk. However, disease may be prevented by knowledge of the risk, and by following simple procedures to minimize risk. Risk may be minimized in many cases with knowledge of transmission modes, endemic areas, and specific preventative measures such as avoidance of known sources of …

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Controlling Nuisance Egret And Heron Rookeries In Oklahoma, Kevin R. Grant, James Watson Apr 1995

Controlling Nuisance Egret And Heron Rookeries In Oklahoma, Kevin R. Grant, James Watson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Native egrets (Egretta spp.) and herons (Nyticorax spp.) maintain rookeries throughout Oklahoma. With the appearance of cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) in North America, nuisance problems have occurred with the creation and expansion of rookeries near human populations. Egrets and herons, their nests, eggs, and rookery habitat are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Damage associated with Oklahoma rookeries are nuisance noise, nuisance odor, potential disease threats, decline of vegetation (guanotrophy), displaced fledglings, and air strike hazards. Proven nuisance rookery control includes habitat alterations (tree thinning), noise harassment with pyrotechnics and propane exploders, shooting to reinforce …

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Using Telemetry Equipment For Monitoring Traps And Snares, Thomas D. Halstead, Kenneth S. Gruver, Robert L. Phillips, Richard E. Johnson Apr 1995

Using Telemetry Equipment For Monitoring Traps And Snares, Thomas D. Halstead, Kenneth S. Gruver, Robert L. Phillips, Richard E. Johnson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Specialized radio transmitters were developed for use in monitoring large mammal trap and snare activity. Prototype devices were manufactured by 4 wildlife telemetry companies based on specifications we developed in consultation with electronic engineering personnel. Power outputs from individual transmitters ranged from 10 to 100 milliwatts (mw). Range testing in the gently rolling terrain of northeastern Colorado indicated that ground-tracking distances with truck-mounted dual beam antennas exceeded 40 km. Field tests were conducted using transmitters with traps and foot snares set for coyotes (Canis latrans) in California, black bears (Ursus americanus) in Oregon, and mountain lions …

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Deer Exclusion Efforts To Reduce Crop Damage In Michigan And Northeast Wisconsin, Jim Isleib Apr 1995

Deer Exclusion Efforts To Reduce Crop Damage In Michigan And Northeast Wisconsin, Jim Isleib

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A random sample of 93 deer-fenced farms in northern Lower and Upper Michigan and northeast Wisconsin and 250 non-deer-fenced farms in 5 Upper Michigan counties with high white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations was surveyed by mail using 2 different questionnaires. High-tensile electric was the most commonly used type of deer exclusion fence. A 1.8 m (6 ft) height apparently provided the best balance between effectiveness, cost, and ease of installation. Fence users perceived that 2.4 m (8 ft) woven wire was most effective. However, the high cost of installation limited widespread use. Other types of fence with inconsistent …

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Curbing The Illegal Use Of Pesticides In Predator Control, Jeff Jacoby, Martin Fletcher, Ted Warfield Apr 1995

Curbing The Illegal Use Of Pesticides In Predator Control, Jeff Jacoby, Martin Fletcher, Ted Warfield

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In June 1993, the Agricultural Products Group of FMC responded to reports of alleged illegal, off-label use of its product Furadan 4F and other pesticide products in baiting and poisoning predators. The target of these reported illegal carcass-baiting incidents were principally coyotes (Canis latrans), which cause significant losses to the sheep industry. The FMC undertook an effort to determine the scope of the problem and how best to address the issue. This included conducting extensive measurable research among sheep ranchers and agrichemical dealers in 4 selected pilot states: Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, and Wyoming. Qualitative interviews were also …

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Financial Compensation For Wildlife Damage: A Review Of Programs In North America, Kimberly K. Kessler Apr 1995

Financial Compensation For Wildlife Damage: A Review Of Programs In North America, Kimberly K. Kessler

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Financial compensation is 1 of several management options proposed as alternatives to traditional wildlife damage management techniques. However, little is known about compensation programs currently in place. I surveyed United States and Canadian fish and wildlife programs to obtain information on the species causing damage, type of damage, extent of reimbursement, and budget for wildlife damage compensation programs. Of the 58 respondents, 36% have a compensation program, and 64% loan equipment and/or provide supplies for wildlife damage management. Programs compensating landowners for damage caused by deer (Odocoileus spp.), black bear (Ursus americanus), elk (Cervus elaphus), …

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Wedelia: A Potential Ground Cover For Reducing The Attractiveness Of Tropical Airfields To Birds, Michael A. Linnell, Michael R. Conover, Tim J. Ohashi Apr 1995

Wedelia: A Potential Ground Cover For Reducing The Attractiveness Of Tropical Airfields To Birds, Michael A. Linnell, Michael R. Conover, Tim J. Ohashi

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Airport environments frequently provide ideal feeding and loafing habitats for many bird species. Bird strikes at most airports involve predominantly insectivorous species. However, the Lihue Airport on the island of Kauai, Hawaii has had a severe problem with bird strikes involving 4 granivorous species: the zebra dove (Geopelia striata), spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis), chestnut mannikin (Lonchura malacca), and nutmeg mannikin (L. punctulato). Two owl species, the common barn owl (Tyto alba) and Hawaiian short-eared owl (Asio flammeus sandwhichensis), have also been involved in aircraft collisions at Lihue. Shooting …

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An Evaluation Of Oklahoma's Depredation Program For Handling Deer Damage To Agricultural Crops, Michael G. Shaw Apr 1995

An Evaluation Of Oklahoma's Depredation Program For Handling Deer Damage To Agricultural Crops, Michael G. Shaw

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A stepwise approach was developed in 1993 to handle agricultural damage complaints caused by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Results from 2 seasons were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the procedures implemented. Approximately half of the damage complaints received were handled by prescribing non-lethal techniques such as fencing, harassment, and repellents. The remainder of the complaints required 1 or more types of lethal control. Although doe harvest rates were similar under the 2 permit options, Damage Control Assistance Permits (DCAP) provided several distinct advantages over out of season shooting using Depredation Permits (DEPR). The DCAP permits increased hunting …

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Feral Hogs In The Rolling Plains Of Texas: Perspectives, Problems, And Potential, Douglas R. Tolleson, William E. Pinchak, Dale Rollins, Leland J. Hunt Apr 1995

Feral Hogs In The Rolling Plains Of Texas: Perspectives, Problems, And Potential, Douglas R. Tolleson, William E. Pinchak, Dale Rollins, Leland J. Hunt

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Feral hogs (Sus scrofa) have expanded their territory in Texas and are now found in all but the extreme western portions of the state. Perhaps the most dramatic expansion has occurred in the Rolling Plains of northwest Texas. Perspectives on feral hogs range from definitely for to adamantly against. Problems encountered with feral hogs include: (1) damage to crops and livestock, or facilities and equipment, (2) transmission of disease to humans and livestock, or (3) interaction with native wildlife including competition for available resources, depredation and destruction of habitat. The feral hog is also an animal with economic …

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Wyoming's M-44 Program: An Overview And Assessment Of Private And Commercial Applicators, Henry R. Uhden Apr 1995

Wyoming's M-44 Program: An Overview And Assessment Of Private And Commercial Applicators, Henry R. Uhden

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Wyoming's legislation funding predator control has progressed from a bounty system, to a mill levy system, to the current fee assessment per head. The Wyoming Department of Agriculture administers an M-44 predator control program for private and commercial applicators' use with livestock depredators. As predatory impacts on livestock have increased, use of M- 44 has also broadened. The M-44 is a mechanical device utilizing a spring-activated ejector, that propels the dry toxicant sodium cyanide into the mouth of the target species when pulled. Death of the animal is accomplished by inhalation of hydrogen cyanide which forms when sodium cyanide comes …

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Private Beaver Management In Oklahoma, Julianne Whitaker Apr 1995

Private Beaver Management In Oklahoma, Julianne Whitaker

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC) estimated the state's beaver (Castor canadensis) population at 1,245 animals in 1951-52. That same year, ODWC relocated 29 beaver from 5 western counties to Department lands in 4 eastern counties. Beaver populations in Oklahoma have since grown as a result of changes in available habitat. In response to the growing number of beavers, ODWC opened an annual beaver season from 1 December to 31 January, in 1960-1961. The season was opened year-round in 1983. Although beaver activities benefit many wildlife species, their activities have had a negative economic impact on the …

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Livestock Herding Dogs: A Unique Application For Wildlife Damage Management, Roger A. Woodruff, Jeffrey S. Green Apr 1995

Livestock Herding Dogs: A Unique Application For Wildlife Damage Management, Roger A. Woodruff, Jeffrey S. Green

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have caused increasing problems for people both in urban and agricultural environments. In many instances, traditional methods of resolving conflicts caused by these species have proven ineffective or impractical. Some property owners and others have begun to use livestock herding dogs to haze geese and other wildlife from areas where they are not wanted. We report on the applications and effectiveness of this technique as employed on golf courses, farms, and other areas. The use of trained herding dogs appears to be a feasible and effective method …

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Coyotes: A Potential Role In Deer Herd Management?, Robert E. Zaiglin Apr 1995

Coyotes: A Potential Role In Deer Herd Management?, Robert E. Zaiglin

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herd control is one of the principal problems faced by private lands game managers. Private landowners unwilling to permit adequate numbers of sport hunters on their lands force deer managers to exercise other harvest strategies, one of which is natural population control by protecting the coyote (Canis latrans). I describe an ongoing case study in South Texas where predation by coyotes may be considered a positive tool in deer population management.

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Alternative Methods Of Predator Control, Crystal A. Wilbanks Apr 1995

Alternative Methods Of Predator Control, Crystal A. Wilbanks

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Acceptable solutions to animal damage problems must consider the social and recreational values of wildlife, regulation of population levels, potential hazards of chemical use, human safety and disturbance to biotic communities. The objective should be to reduce harm and economic loss of livestock to an acceptable level. This paper, reviews alternative, i.e. nonlethal, predator management methods. Alternative methods include guard animals, fencing, repellents, frightening devices and perhaps someday, immuno-contraception. The intent of animal damage control should be an integrated pest management approach tailored to fit the individual landowner's needs.

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