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Articles 4951 - 4980 of 6879

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Exposure Of Persons To Phosphine Gas From Aluminum Phosphide Application To Rodent Burrows, Rex O. Baker Mar 1992

Exposure Of Persons To Phosphine Gas From Aluminum Phosphide Application To Rodent Burrows, Rex O. Baker

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

An industrial hygiene study was performed monitoring levels of phosphine gas workers are exposed to when applying aluminum phosphide tablets to rodent burrows. Clothing and gloves were monitored for phosphine gas from residual dust. Air in the breathing zone was monitored with short and long term monitoring equipment. No levels of phosphine exceeding the legal permissible exposure limits (PEL) was detected and although residues were detected on clothing, the levels were usually quite low and dissipated in open air to undetectable levels within 12 to 17 hours in all but a few cases. Hand application was also compared to a …

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The Most Dangerous Pest: "Homo Environmentals", Robert James Bidinotto Mar 1992

The Most Dangerous Pest: "Homo Environmentals", Robert James Bidinotto

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

I speak of that insatiable predator, Homo environmentalus. This predator is a subspecies of homo sapiens, of which I observe several examples present. For the past several years, under special funding by Reader's Digest, I have made a special study of this pest, also known by his more familiar name of "environmentalist activist."

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Problems With Management Of A Native Predator On A Threatened Species: Raven Predation On Desert Tortoises, William I. Boarman Mar 1992

Problems With Management Of A Native Predator On A Threatened Species: Raven Predation On Desert Tortoises, William I. Boarman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)


Common ravens (Corvus corax) are a major predator on the threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus [=Xerobates] agassizii). Large numbers of juvenile tortoise shells have been found beneath known raven nests and perches; many shells that show evidence consistent with raven predation have been found sporadically throughout the range of the tortoise; significant proportional decreases in juvenile size/age class distributions have been identified; and people have observed ravens killing, carrying, and consuming juveniles. In 1988 the U. S. Bureau of Land Management initiated a process to evaluate, design, and implement a program to reduce raven predation …

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Evaluation Of Methyl Anthranilate As A Bird Repellent In Fruit Crops, Michael L. Avery Mar 1992

Evaluation Of Methyl Anthranilate As A Bird Repellent In Fruit Crops, Michael L. Avery

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Methyl anthranilate (MA) is a grape-flavored food additive that is aversive to birds. Previous studies had indicated that anthranilates can deter frugivorous birds but that anthranilates are phytotoxic. In this study, I tested the bird repellency to 2 MA formulations on blueberry plants in a large flight pen. Neither MA formulation protected the blueberries from damage by cedar waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum) or European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). The encapsulated formulation, however, was nonphytotoxic. Due to the on-going need for safe bird deterrent compounds, further development and testing of MA as a bird repellent on fruit is warranted. …

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Cougar Attacks On Humans: An Update And Some Further Reflections, Paul Beier Mar 1992

Cougar Attacks On Humans: An Update And Some Further Reflections, Paul Beier

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

I examined historical records of unprovoked attacks by cougars on humans in the U.S. and Canada during 101 years (1890-1990). There were 9 attacks resulting in 10 human deaths and at least 44 nonfatal attacks. In a recent paper, I listed these attacks and discussed them in considerable detail (Beier 1991). Although extremely rare, attacks on humans have increased markedly in the last 2 decades, during which cougar numbers and human use of cougar habitats have increased. There is no substantial evidence that habituation underlies this increase in attacks. The data provide weak support for the notion that an attacking …

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Rodent Control In The Conservation Of Endangered Species, A.P. Buckle, M.G.P. Fenn Mar 1992

Rodent Control In The Conservation Of Endangered Species, A.P. Buckle, M.G.P. Fenn

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

The commensal rodent pest species have spread from their ancestral homes in Asia to inhabit many natural ecosystems worldwide. The introduction of these exotics has often had a significant effect on endemic plant and animal species but their impact has, perhaps, been most severe on off-shore and oceanic islands where nesting birds, insects, terrestrial molluscs, reptiles and amphibians are all vulnerable. Conservationists have used a variety of control approaches either to reduce or eliminate the pressure of competition and predation exerted by introduced rodents on island populations of endangered species. Successful projects have involved a sequence of carefully-planned operations. Firstly, …

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Toxicity Of Compound 1080 To Magpies And The Relationship Of Dose Rates To Residues Recovered, Richard J. Burns, Guy E. Connolly Mar 1992

Toxicity Of Compound 1080 To Magpies And The Relationship Of Dose Rates To Residues Recovered, Richard J. Burns, Guy E. Connolly

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

The acute oral LD50 of Compound 1080 to magpies was estimated at 1.78 mg/kg indoors, 1.91 mg/kg outdoors in summer, and 2.30 mg/kg outdoors in winter. Postmortem 1080 residues were detected in 75 of 76 treated birds. Higher doses yielded higher 1080 residues. Within dose levels, birds surviving longer carried lower residues. In a separate test, an average residue of 0.09 ppm was found in 8 birds treated at 1.59 mg/kg and euthanized 24 h post dosing. The adjusted dietary LC50 of Compound 1080 to magpies tested indoors was estimated at 16 ppm. During LC50 tests, the …

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Developing A Strategy Of Predator Control For The Protection Of The California Least Tern: A Case History, Peter H. Butchko, Maynard A. Small Mar 1992

Developing A Strategy Of Predator Control For The Protection Of The California Least Tern: A Case History, Peter H. Butchko, Maynard A. Small

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

In recent years, predation has been determined to be a seriously limiting factor in the reproduction of the endangered California least tern (Sterna antillarum browni) at many of its nesting colonies. Among them is a major colony at Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base near Oceanside, CA. Early efforts to control predation were limited in effectiveness. In 1988, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Damage Control Program was contracted to provide control of mammalian and avian predators. The development of the successful strategy that has evolved over four years is discussed, with emphasis on the development and application of …

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Field Efficacy Evaluation Of Diphacinone Paraffin Bait Blocks And Strychnine Oat Groats For Control Of Forest Pocket Gophers (Thomomys Spp.), D.L. Campbell, J.P. Farley, P.L. Hegdal, R.M. Engeman, H.W. Krupa Mar 1992

Field Efficacy Evaluation Of Diphacinone Paraffin Bait Blocks And Strychnine Oat Groats For Control Of Forest Pocket Gophers (Thomomys Spp.), D.L. Campbell, J.P. Farley, P.L. Hegdal, R.M. Engeman, H.W. Krupa

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

The effectiveness of bait and the effectiveness of operational baiting were both evaluated for controlling forest pocket gophers (Thomomys spp. ) with strychnine oat groat bait and diphacinone paraffin block bait. Radio-telemetry monitoring and recovery of pocket gophers showed that control of individual pocket gophers 1 month after baiting was 72% for strychnine bait and 62% for diphacinone bait. Reduction in pocket gopher activity from operational baiting was based on censusing activity in sample plots. After 1 month the reduction in activity was 61% for strychnine oats and 36% for diphacinone blocks. Bait blocks implanted with radio transmitters were …

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Field Efficacy Evaluation Of Pelleted Strychnine Baits For Control Of Mountain Beavers (Aplodontia Rufa), D.L. Campbell, J.P. Farley, R.M. Engeman Mar 1992

Field Efficacy Evaluation Of Pelleted Strychnine Baits For Control Of Mountain Beavers (Aplodontia Rufa), D.L. Campbell, J.P. Farley, R.M. Engeman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Radio-telemetry evaluation of several concentrations of pelleted strychnine bait in earlier tests indicated moderate to good bait efficacy for control of mountain beavers. Evaluation of operational baiting with 0.0%, 0.15%, 0.50%, and 0.90% strychnine bait pellets was made in 1990 and 1991 on 24 reforestation units in Washington and Oregon. Results of baiting monitored with burrow activity indicators showed there was little difference in reduction of activity among treatments. Chemical assays and pen bioassays showed baits were lethal, but ingestion was often delayed or baits were discarded. Reexamination of test plots 1 year after baiting showed no detectable change in …

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Administrative Procedures And Contracts For Vertebrate Pest Programs, Bruce A. Colvin, Curtis A. Meininger, Michael J. Grealy Mar 1992

Administrative Procedures And Contracts For Vertebrate Pest Programs, Bruce A. Colvin, Curtis A. Meininger, Michael J. Grealy

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

A proactive (rather than reactive) approach to rodent control includes effective planning, administration, and coordination. Centralized coordination, detailed scheduling, and well-defined contract specifications provide a solid basis for managing an integrated pest management program. Documentation and data management help to ensure cost effective and efficient operations. The ability to work with people and bureaucracies is essential for the science of rodent control to be applied effectively in real world situations and for vertebrate pest programs to succeed.

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Conference Participants Mar 1992

Conference Participants

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Participants came from 32 states, the District of Columbia, and from 11 other countries for a total of 327 registered attendees. The wide representation from the United States and countries throughout the world contributed to the success of the conference by providing a highly diversified group for the exchange of information on research progress, technological advances, management strategies, new products and materials, prevailing management philosophies, the protection of endangered species, and a range of other vertebrate pest topics.

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Ecological Approach To Managing Problems Caused By Urban Canada Geese, Michael R. Conover Mar 1992

Ecological Approach To Managing Problems Caused By Urban Canada Geese, Michael R. Conover

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Urban-suburban Canada geese (Branta canadensis) create nuisance problems at their foraging sites by littering them with feces. An ecological approach to the problem involves inducing the geese to use alternate foraging sites by reducing the attractiveness of problem sites. This can be accomplished by reducing the forage quality at the nuisance site by not fertilizing and infrequently mowing the lawn or by replacing the lawn with a less palatable grass species or other ground cover. Further, sites can be made less attractive to geese if they are surrounded by tall trees which make it harder for geese to …

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Development Of Rodent Control Technology For Confined Swine Facilities, Robert M. Corrigan, Cheryl A. Towell, Ralph E. Williams Mar 1992

Development Of Rodent Control Technology For Confined Swine Facilities, Robert M. Corrigan, Cheryl A. Towell, Ralph E. Williams

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

This paper discusses the development of site-specific baiting technology for controlling the house mouse (Mus musculus) in confined swine facilities utilizing specific rodenticide formulations, bait stations, and baiting strategies. Behavioral research was also conducted to identify primary nesting and travel activities of mice within grower-finishing units. The rodenticide bromadiolone in a block formulation was found to be effective in most baiting trials, and provided resistance to the harsh environment of the swine facility and the necessary versatility for securing baits to minimize hazards to swine. A commercially available tamper resistant bait station was found to be effective for …

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Coyote Control To Protect Endangered San Joaquin Kit Foxes At The Naval Petroleum Reserves, California, Brian L. Cypher, Jerry H. Scrivner Mar 1992

Coyote Control To Protect Endangered San Joaquin Kit Foxes At The Naval Petroleum Reserves, California, Brian L. Cypher, Jerry H. Scrivner

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

We investigated the effectiveness of a coyote (Canis latrans) control program implemented to increase numbers of endangered San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica) at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California (NPRC). Between 1980 and 1985, the kit fox population on NPRC declined approximately 66% while coyote abundance apparently increased. Coyote predation was identified as the primary cause of mortality for kit foxes. From 1985 to 1990, the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored a program to kill coyotes with the objective being to reduce predation on kit foxes and increase fox numbers. Control methods …

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Sterilants For Managing The Populations Of Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius Phoeniceus), Andrew Cyr, Diane Lacombe Mar 1992

Sterilants For Managing The Populations Of Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius Phoeniceus), Andrew Cyr, Diane Lacombe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Male Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) being gregarious, and causing heavy damage to corn crops in the northeast, including southern Québec and Ontario, sterilization has been studied as a mean's to manage their populations. With chemosterilants (thiotepa and Omitrol®) tested, year to year variations in reproductive success occurs. The spermatogenesis is disrupted, but the overall effect is not specific. Biosterilisation with 10.0 μg doses of GnRH-analogue hormones is more specific, and the spermatogenesis is disrupted for at least a month, but several spaced injections were required. No field trials have been done yet.

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Unmasking Mascall's Mouse Traps, David C. Drummond Mar 1992

Unmasking Mascall's Mouse Traps, David C. Drummond

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Twelve mouse traps described and figured by Leonard Mascall in 16th Century England are illustrated and interpreted afresh. Special attention is given to one that is also depicted on the Merode altarpiece, an important 15th Century Dutch painting. Since Mascall's era many of his mouse traps have virtually disappeared. Others have been made more effective by various design changes, including the incorporation of small powerful helical springs and improved release mechanisms, and by the greater use of wire mesh and sheet metal.

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The Evaluation Of Alternative Toxins To Sodium Monofluoroacetate (1080) For Possum Control, Charles T. Eason Mar 1992

The Evaluation Of Alternative Toxins To Sodium Monofluoroacetate (1080) For Possum Control, Charles T. Eason

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Possum control in New Zealand is dependent on the use of sodium monofluroacetate (1080) and cyanide. Although 1080 is highly effective, its use is restricted to government staff. Cyanide is available for a wider group of licensed operators, but cyanide "shyness" reduces its effectiveness. An acute toxicity program has been set up to identify nonanticoagulant toxins that could be used safely by farmers. Dose-ranging studies showed that possums are susceptible to cholecalciferol, calciferol, gliftor, alpha-chloralose, and nicotine, but not to bromethalin. As lethal doses for these toxins have been ascertained, which of them are likely to be cost-effective and safe …

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Toxic Bait And Baiting Strategies For Feral Cats, Charles T. Eason, David R. Morgan, B. Kay Clapperton Mar 1992

Toxic Bait And Baiting Strategies For Feral Cats, Charles T. Eason, David R. Morgan, B. Kay Clapperton

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

To improve feral cat control we developed a dry pelleted toxic bait and evaluated the potential of lures. A polymer fish meal bait was preferred by cats from a range of bait types tested. L-alanine further increased bait acceptance by cats in pen trials and catnip may have the potential to increase field acceptance and target specificity. An oral LD90 of 0.38 mg/ kg was established for sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in feral cats voluntarily eating surface-loaded baits. Acute toxicity to cats of warfarin, cholecalciferol, and gliftor was tested. However, because the cat proved highly sensitive to 1080, we recommend …

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High Frequency Sound Devices Lack Efficacy In Repelling Birds, William A. Erickson, Rex E. Marsh, Terrell P. Salmon Mar 1992

High Frequency Sound Devices Lack Efficacy In Repelling Birds, William A. Erickson, Rex E. Marsh, Terrell P. Salmon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Ultrasonic or high-frequency sound-producing devices are marketed as a scaring or frightening method for bird control. Although inaudible to humans, most birds also do not hear in the ultrasonic frequency ranges of above 20,000 Hz, thus the credibility of advertised claims raises questions. A review of efficacy studies conducted and published by a number of researchers fails to demonstrate the usefulness of such bird control devices.

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An Integrated Approach To The Management Of Urban Canada Goose Depredations, Steven D. Fairaizl Mar 1992

An Integrated Approach To The Management Of Urban Canada Goose Depredations, Steven D. Fairaizl

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Canada geese (Branta canadensis) in the Reno-Sparks, Nevada urban area have become a problem of increasing significance. Nuisance complaints from city parks, golf courses, and housing developments augment the bird hazard to aircraft operations at the local airport. Eleven goose collisions with commercial aircraft, between January 1986 and April 1989, caused $250,000 in structural damages but no injuries or loss of human life. The Federal Aviation Administration required action be taken to reduce the hazard if airport certification was to continue. A multi-agency task force was formed to develop and implement an integrated pest management plan. Population surveys …

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The Starling In Europe: Multiple Approaches To A Problem Species , Chris J. Feare, Pierre Douville De Franssu Mar 1992

The Starling In Europe: Multiple Approaches To A Problem Species , Chris J. Feare, Pierre Douville De Franssu

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

In Europe, Starlings are widely distributed and comprise both resident and migrant populations. These cause various kinds of damage which varies with the crops grown in different European Economic Community (EEC) countries. Although EEC member states are governed by the same legislation on bird protection, each state interprets the Community legislation in its own national legislation. This leads to different national approaches to the prevention of Starling damage, with little information exchange between member states. The establishment of an EEC (or wider) working group on bird pests is recommended to coordinate research and development.

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Interactive Computer Kiosks For Vertebrate Ipm—Status Report, Stephen C. Frantz, Robert M. Durlak Mar 1992

Interactive Computer Kiosks For Vertebrate Ipm—Status Report, Stephen C. Frantz, Robert M. Durlak

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

The recent outbreak of raccoon rabies in New York State during a period of unprecedented fiscal constraints presents an emerging organizational dilemma—how to handle increasing demands for services in an environment of diminishing resources. As one response to this need, the New York State Department of Health (DOH) is developing an interactive computer system for integrating public education, professional training and public/professional communication. The basic objective is to enhance consumer access to information regarding rabies, Lyme disease and other public health issues; thereby, forming the basis for prevention. In essence, this effort can be classified as an “educational intervention,” the …

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Front Matter And Contents Mar 1992

Front Matter And Contents

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)


Contents:

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Avitrol Use In The Protection Of Wine Grapes From The House Finch (Linnet) In Sonoma County, Pierre Gadd Mar 1992

Avitrol Use In The Protection Of Wine Grapes From The House Finch (Linnet) In Sonoma County, Pierre Gadd

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Two field trials were conducted to determine the effectiveness of Avitrol® (4-aminopyridine) mixed grains 0.50% in the repelling of house finches (Carpodocus mexicana) from two vineyards in Sonoma County. In the first trial, two properties were prebaited for twelve and fourteen days respectively. After the removal of the prebait, Avitrol treated grain mixture was then placed in the bait troughs for a period of from two to four days. A count of the house finch (linnets) number visiting the troughs during the prebaiting and treatment phases of the trial was recorded. Subsequent linnet counts were made to determine …

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A Review Of The Results From Laboratory Tests Of Some Rodenticides Against Eight Rodent Species, J.E. Gill Mar 1992

A Review Of The Results From Laboratory Tests Of Some Rodenticides Against Eight Rodent Species, J.E. Gill

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

The susceptibility of eight rodent species to a range of widely used and candidate rodenticides was determined in laboratory feeding tests. No choice and choice tests were used to assess toxicity and effect on palatability of the rodenticides to Meriones shawi (Shaw's gerbil), Arvicanthis niloticus (Nile rat), Acomys cahirinus (Egyptian Spiny mouse), Mastomys natalensis (Multimammate rat), Sigmodon hispidus (Cotton rat), Rattus exulans (Polynesian rat), and R. rattus (Ship rat) which responded differently to each chemical. The results of these tests suggest possible rodenticides suitable for control of each species. Field trials are now needed to assess the effectiveness of these …

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Urban Crow Roosts In California, W. Paul Gorenzel, Terrell P. Salmon Mar 1992

Urban Crow Roosts In California, W. Paul Gorenzel, Terrell P. Salmon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

We reviewed the historical and current status of the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), urban crow roosts and control efforts in California. Crows aggregate in traditional winter roosting areas. In the late 1930s most crows in California roosted in the Sacramento Valley in rural locations. Crow roosts were not a concern except for potential damage to adjacent farmlands. From the 1960s through 1980s crows colonized urban areas for nesting and winter roosting. A phone survey of vertebrate pest management officials indicated all known roosts were in urban areas, with most occurring in the Sacramento Valley. From 1970 to 1989 …

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Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Did Not Prevent 1080-Induced Vomiting In Coyotes, Jeffrey S. Green Mar 1992

Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Did Not Prevent 1080-Induced Vomiting In Coyotes, Jeffrey S. Green

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Vomiting is a characteristic, although undesirable effect when using Compound 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate) as a method of predator control for coyotes. Compound 1080 meat baits with (treatment) and without (control) an antiemetic, metoclopramide hydrochloride (MH), were fed to captive coyotes to determine whether MH would prevent vomiting. All treatment and control animals died as a result of consuming the 1080 bait with no difference between the groups in time from bait consumption to death. There was no significant difference between the number of treatment and control animals that vomited after consuming the baits. Likewise there was no difference between the …

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Reinfestation Of Bandicota Bengalensis (Gray) In Irrigated Field Habitat, B.K. Guruprasad Mar 1992

Reinfestation Of Bandicota Bengalensis (Gray) In Irrigated Field Habitat, B.K. Guruprasad

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Bandicota bengalensis, a predominant species inhabiting irrigated fields is a potential pest on agricultural crops and is known to live in extensive burrow systems. The burrow opening covered with mud which is an indicator of its activity seems to be discontinuous. An analysis of burrow systems and their occupations indicated reuse of abandoned burrow systems by new entrants. A study simulated in semi-natural conditions supported the view that there is occupation of old burrows by new immigrants. Non-effective barriers; and availability of Panicum repens on bunds, a food alternative may support the population influx. Availability of old burrow systems …

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Forty Five Years Of Anticoagulant Rodenticides — Past, Present And Future Trends, Malcolm R. Hadler, Alan P. Buckle Mar 1992

Forty Five Years Of Anticoagulant Rodenticides — Past, Present And Future Trends, Malcolm R. Hadler, Alan P. Buckle

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

The anticoagulant rodenticides were discovered in the 1940s and their advantages of efficacy and safety quickly resulted in their use dominating the practice of rodent control in temperate countries. However, the development of resistance to the early compounds within a decade stimulated research culminating in the invention of anew class of anticoagulant, the second generation compounds, active against resistant strains but also overall far more potent than those previously available. A novel baiting strategy, pulsed baiting, was developed to make full use of this valuable characteristic. Pulsed baiting has enabled the use of second generation anticoagulants in situations where early …

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