Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Nutrient Interactions Among Reservoirs On The Colorado River, Larry J. Paulson, John R. Baker

Publications (WR)

Interactions among physical, chemical and biological processes in reservoirs can significantly alter the characteristics of the discharge (Neel 1963, Wright 1967, Hannan 1979) that, in turn, can influence the ecology of the river downstream .(Ward and Stanford 1979). Investigations of the Colorado River, system reveal that reservoir-induced changes in the river can also affect downstream reservoirs. The formation of Lake Powell, in 1963 was accompanied by reductions in suspended sediment and nutrient loading and changes in the seasonal temperature and discharge cycles of the Colorado River. In this paper, we evaluate how these changes have influenced the nutrient and trophic …

Dynamic Model Of The Zone Of Aeration, Robert N. Maccallum, R. A. Sims

Technical Reports

A mathematical model by Green (1), simulating one-dimensional vertical ground-water movement in unsaturated soils of the prairie region of Kansas, has been adapted for use in a wetlands environment typified by the wetlands forest of Eastern Arkansas. The model consists of two second-order, non-linear, partial differential equations and an algorithm for their numerical solution. The original model was extended to include functions for seasonal changes in transpiration and for drainage of excess precipitation. Before the addition of the two functions, the model reliability was limited to one growth season. With the mathematical model presented in this work it is possible …

Effects Of Changes In Surface Water Regime And/Or Land Use On The Vertical Distribution Of Water Available For Wetland Vegetation: Dynamic Model Of The Zone Of Aeration (Appendix To Part 1 Of Completion Report For Project A-023-Ark), Robert N. Maccallum, R. A. Sims

Technical Reports

Appendix to Part 1 of Completion Report for Project A-023-ARK

Whale Meat In The Japanese Diet, Robert L. Brownell Jr., Hideo Omura

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Junghans (Letters, 4 Apr., p. 6) points out several errors in Beary’s letter (14 December 1979, p. 1260) regarding the high concentrations of mercury in whale meat eaten by the Japanese. We would like to call attention to some additional errors in Beary’s letter.

The Future Of Coastal Zone Management: The 1980 Amendments, Kenneth J. Buckland

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (P.L.98-583) is currently being questioned on its validity, purpose, funding, wording, and accomplishments in carrying out national policies for the benefit of the U.S. coastal zones. All the legislation promulgated for management of coastal resources, the agencies involved in coastal zone management, and the groups participating in these actions have been challenged in recent months and have subsequently been evolving in their functions. What remedies are available and how they could be realized through the present federal laws and organizational structure are areas which must be discussed now if we are to …

State - Federal Relations In The Siting Of Nuclear Power Plants: Towards Greater State Authority, Walter A. Cooper

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The accident at the Three Mile Island (TMI), Pennsylvania nuclear powered electrical generating plant on March 28, 1979 has promoted a great deal of concern and interest in the future of nuclear power in the United States. Such concern is manifested by the unofficial moratorium imposed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) on the granting of new permits for the construction and operation of nuclear plants until the problems presented by the accident at TMI have been addressed. The NRC felt that the accident, at the very least, warranted consideration of a formal moratorium on plant licensing. Although a formal …

Water Current, Volume 12, No. 3, May/June 1980

Water Current Newsletter

From the Desk of the Director
Change of Address
Staff Members Resign
MRBC Adopts Regional Water Plan
Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
Mandatory Best Management Practices for New Federal Irrigation Projects in Nebraska
USGS FY 1981 Budget Request Cut $6.3 Million
WRC Completes Fiscal Year 1980 Grants to States
NSF Announces Anti-Inflation Budget for FY 1981
EPA Soliciation for Proposals

Volume 4, Number 5 (May 1980), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

The Probe, Issue 6 - May 1980

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:
ANIMALS GOT RIGHTS AGAIN
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISTS CAPTURE WASHINGTON
DEDICATION: Conridge Thomas
anti-control element
good trapping tip for raccoons
Mail Call
SONITIZING
REGION II - C. R. "Pink" Madsen
REGION I - Homer S. Ford and Willard E. Nelson
REGION IV - John C. Jones

Monthly Planet, 1980, May, Brian Blix, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Resource Partitioning In Breeding Populations Of Marsh Hawks And Short-Eared Owls, Susan C. Linner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the 1979 breeding season four pairs of northern harriers, or marsh hawks (Circus cyaneus) and four pairs of short-eared owls (Asio flammeus) were studied in Cache Valley, Utah. The study was concerned solely with diurnal resource utilization, and did not examine the owls' nocturnal activities. The home range of each harrier pair overlapped substantially with that of an owl pair. Percent habitat overlap for hawk-owl pairs varied from 39 percent to 72 percent. Observations were made to determine if differences existed in their utilization of habitat and food resources, or in their daily and seasonal …

Relationship Between Rainfall And Storm Runoff For Selected Arizona Watersheds, Robert James Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The relationship between rainfall and runoff was examined for twelve selected Arizona watersheds. Expedient runoff volume model coefficients and runoff curve number model parameters were examined using standardized structure, with modifications to adjust the model for small initial abstractions and large watershed storage capacity.

Forest-land management practices were examined for their effects on curve number coefficients. The effects of rainfall characteristics were also evaluated with respect to changes they induce in curve number populations.

Evaluations included a runoff fraction, a simple multiplier of storm volume to produce runoff volume. The accuracy of this model is promising for more permeable watersheds.

Effects Of Host Plant Patch Size And Surrounding Plant Type On Insect Population Dynamics, Lynn A. Maguire

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of the present study was to investigate how plant spatial patterns and insect behavior interact to influence the population dynamics of insects using the plants. The study included three phases: l) field experiments using collards (Brassica oleracea) and the crucifer insect fauna; 2) simulation models representing the population dynamics of an insect herbivore as functions of insect dispersal behavior and host plant patch size; and 3) model-field syntheses integrating model predictions and field variability estimates to choose an appropriate spatial scale for future field experiments or applications.

In field experiments on surrounding plant type, collards were …

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Probe Of Ultraviolet-B Photoinhibition Of Primary Photoreactions In Intact Leaves, Robert S. Nowak

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Damage to primary photosynthetic reactions caused by environmental stress can be assessed by measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence induction in intact leaves. This approach was applied in studies of ultraviolet-B photoinhibition of photosynthesis in Pisum sativum L. and Rumex patientia L. leaves. At ultraviolet-B dose rates insufficient to cause inhibition of net photosynthesis, changes in the magnitude of fluorescence transients did occur, which suggested direct effects on chloroplast pigments in Pisum and inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport between the photosystems in both species. Leaves of these two species subjected to a much higher dose rate had a significant reduction of net …

Production Of Mountain Whitefish (Prosopium Williamsoni) In Altered And Unaltered Reaches Of Two Intermountain Streams In Their Alluvial Flood Plains, Michael J. Ottenbacher

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Estimates of production and related parameters (growth rate, density, standing crop) were made for populations of mountain whitefish in altered and "unaltered" areas of the Blacksmith Fork and Logan River, Utah from spring 1975 through summer 1976. Capture records of marked whitefish were also analyzed to describe fish movement and check on assumptions implicit in the population estimator.

Mean weights and instantaneous growth rates of whitefish were similar at all sites for comparable size/age groups. Among sites, differences in production per sampling interval and annual production were due mainly to differences in standing crop and/or age structure.

Estimates of mountain …

Allocation Of Reproductive Effort To The Male And Female Strategies In Wind-Pollinated Plants, Cliff A. Lemen

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Amaranthus and several other wind-pollinated species of plants are used to test some of the theoretical models of relative reproductive effort towards the male and female sexes. Consistent with these models, in self-compatible, monoecious Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Digitaria, Setaria, and Lepidium, female effort represented over 90% of the total reproductive effort. Also consistent with predictions, Lolium, a self-incompatible wind-pollinated species, was found to have about equal male and female effort. A method is described here that should prove useful in quantifying male and female effort in both wind and insect-pollinated species of plants.

Relationship Between Relative Brain Size And Climbing Ability In Peromyscus, Cliff A. Lemen

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Eisenberg and Wilson (Evolution, 32:740-751, 1978) have documented an interesting relationship between the relative brain size of bats and the complexity of the habitat in which they forage. They found that bats that fly and forage through foliage have larger brains relative to their body size than those that forage in open air. Their explanation was that bats in the complex habitat must process more complex sonic information to navigate through the foliage. In order to do this a larger brain is required.

The Peromyscus of North America may offer a similar paradigm as far as habitat complexity …

Intrapopulational Morphological Variation As A Predictor Of Feedlng Behavior In Deermice, Richard A. Smartt, Cliff A. Lemen

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Within populations of animals that have determinate growth, all fully grown adults, even of one sex, are not identical. Both genetic and environmental factors are responsible for this variation. In recent years the importance of this variation has received much attention (Mayr 1963; Van Valen 1965; Fretwell 1969; Soule and Stewart 1970; Rothstein 1973). The important question asked has been, What effect does this morphological variation have on niche width and the ecology of a population? Implicit in many of these works is the concept that differences in the morphologies of population members can result in differences in their niches. …

Volume 4, Number 4 (April 1980), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Ozonation At The Stander Water Reclamation Plant, Johannes Van Leeuwen, J. Prinsloo

Johannes van Leeuwen

The results achieved by ozonation at the Stander Water Reclamation Plant, Pretoria, are discussed. A packed column together with an injector mixing device gave ozone· utilization levels higher than 95 % at dosages of about 10 mg/ dm3. Redistribution plates in the packing proved necessary to prevent poor adsorption due to backmixing in the gas phase. Disinfection is satisfactory if total oxidant residuals can be maintained at more than 0,2 mg/dm3 for 15 min. The results indicated that ozonation also lowered the chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon concentration in the water. In spite of the fact that it …

An Avoidance Response Bioassay For Aquatic Pollutants, Jeffrey A. Black, Wesley J. Birge

KWRRI Research Reports

Avoidance response bioassays were conducted with eight aquatic contaminants, including cadmium, copper, mercury, zinc, chloroform, dioctyl phthalate (DOP), trisodium nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and phenol. Tests were performed in a dual-channel fluviarium system, and the toxicant injection procedure used provided good regulation of exposure concentrations. Juvenile stages of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and tadpoles of the American toad (Bufo americanus) proved to be suitable animals for evaluating avoidance or attraction responses. The trout was the most sensitive species tested.

Avoidance was significant in tests …

Ward V. Coleman, Cert. Granted (Sub Nom. United States V. Ward): A Fifth Amendment Problem In The Enforcement Of The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, Mark Cohen

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

On March 23, 1975 oil leaked out of an oil retention pit at a drilling site owned by L.O. Ward. Ward was an Oklahoma wildcatter and the owner and operator of L.O. Ward Oil and Gas Operations. The spilled oil ran down a gully and into Boggie Creek. Boggie Creek is a tributary of the navigable Arkansas River. The discharge of oil from Ward's property therefore amounted to the discharge of a harmful quantity of oil within the meaning of Section 1321 (b)(3) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and also a harmful quantity within the meaning of regulations …

Simultaneous Transport Of Water And 3hoh In Water, H. D. Scott

Technical Reports

Dispersion of ³HOH was studied at flow velocities less than 14 cm/day in a Captina silt loam using the half-cell technique. Two directions of transport were studied: movement of ³HOH in the same direction as water, and movement of ³HOH in the opposite direction to that of water. Results indicated that the dispersion coefficients were velocity dependent for equilibration times ranging to 21 hours. As the average pore flow velocity increased, the length of time needed for the dispersion coefficients to become independent of the flow velocity increased. When considering transport of ³HOH in the same …

Developing Crab Creek : Fifteen Points Of View On Economy And Ecology In An Estuary : A Simulation For Advanced Students Exploring Coastal Resource Management Decisions In Virginia, Frances Lee Lawrence

Reports

Crab Creek County is a hypothetical small Virginia county on. the Chesapeake Bay. This· simulation explores the coastal management issues involved in developing a point of land in Crab Creek County fronting on the Chesapeake Bay to the North, and Crab Creek to the South. The game is based on key Virginia and federal laws and agencies affecting coastal resources, and provides insights into the human and technical interactions involved in the "permitting" processes. Players fill fifteen roles representative of private interests as well as local, state, and federal activities. more...

Macrobenthic Communities Of An Industrialized Seaport Ecosystem: The Southern Branch Of The Elizabeth River, Virginia, Steven D. Hawthorne

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Macrobenthic invertebrates of an industrialized seaport ecosystem were studied seasonally from October, 1977 through July, 1978. Five stations were selected along the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River, Virginia. The stations ranged from an area of heavy industrialization to a non-urbanized environment. At each station, bottom water was measured for salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Within each sampling area, macrobenthic infauna! invertebrates were collected from in and out of channel sites along with sediment samples for various types of physicochemical analysis.

Community structure was spatially homogeneous at station sites and throughout the stations along the River. Slightly acidic pH …

Isolation And Enumeration Of Enteric Viruses From Primary Wastewater Sludge, Michael Wayne Nath

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The presence of large numbers of enteric viruses in wastewaters has resulted in concern regarding their significance and consequences for humans. Assessments of relative significance or consequences may most accurately be made following precise measurements of the range of virus types and amounts in wastewaters and sludges and after epidemiological considerations. In this study, results are presented pertaining to enteric virus isolation, concentration, and enumeration from primary wastewater sludges.

As an integral part of a comparison of isolation procedures, several anionic surfactants were examined for extraction of enteric viruses from primary wastewater sludges. Plaquing efficiencies for poliovirus type 2 and …

The Problem Of Pika Control In Baluchistan, Pakistan, Abdul Aziz Khan, William R. Smythe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The collared pika, Ochotona rufescens has been recorded as a serious pest in apple orchards in the uplands valley of Ziarat in Baluchistan. In the winter, when the natural vegetation is lacking, the pikas debark the apple tree trunks or branches resulting in the killing of the tree and reduced fruit production. In summer, damage to wheat, corn and potatoes is also very severe. It is estimated that pikas cause hundreds of thousands of dollars (US) in annual apple production losses. The apple production in Baluchistan accounts for about 35 percent of the total provincial income through food production. During …

Changes In A Feral Pig Population After Poisoning, James Hone, Henry Pedersen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The changes in a feral pig population associated with 1080 poisoning were examined. There was a 58.1% reduction in population size after poisoning with no age-specific effect. The population size increased over 11.5 months after poisoning at an observed instantaneous rate of increase per year of 0.57. The results are discussed relative to feral pig control.

Recent Developments In Anticoagulant Rodenticide Resistance Studies: Surveillance And Application In The United States, Stephen C. Frantz, Constance M. Padula

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Since anticoagulant rodenticide resistance was first discovered in the United States in 1971, it has become apparent that the phenomenon is widespread. In cooperation with the Center for Disease Control, a nationwide surveillance program was initiated in 1977 to obtain statistically valid samples of rats from federally funded projects of the Urban Rat Control Program. A summary is given of the basic sampling, testing, and analysis components of this study. Problems encountered in all aspects of the first three years of the program are discussed along with results from the 40 completed samples. The 16 cities with significant Anticoagulant Resistance …

Opening Comments — Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Jerry P. Clark

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Welcoming Statment