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Articles 49051 - 49080 of 52443

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

An Experimental Design For Investigating Winter Bird Depredation At South Texas Feedlots, R. E. Williams Nov 1979

An Experimental Design For Investigating Winter Bird Depredation At South Texas Feedlots, R. E. Williams

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Large aggregations of birds concentrating around livestock feedyards during fall and winter months have been a common occurrence in many parts of the country (Besser et al. 1968; Dolbeer et al. 1978; Levingston 1967; Palmer 1976; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1976). Extensive utilization of livestock feedyards by these flocking birds has been reported to result in economic losses to the feedyard operator due to feed consumption. In Colorado, seasonal feed losses to starlings obtaining 50% of their daily food at feedlots were calculated to be $84 per 1,000 birds; seasonal losses to red-winged blackbirds (Ageliaus phoeniceus) obtaining 10% of …

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Clinic On Pigeon Control, Jim Steckel, Stu Amrine, Mike Pompili Nov 1979

Clinic On Pigeon Control, Jim Steckel, Stu Amrine, Mike Pompili

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

In this open discussion session, led by Jim Steckel, a variety of topics and problems of particular interest to PCOs are touched upon. A tape was made during the program, then a transcript prepared. The following edited text follows the flow of questions and comments through the session.

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Bird Control And Endangered Species, Denis S. Case Nov 1979

Bird Control And Endangered Species, Denis S. Case

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The potential exists for a conflict to occur between endangered species and almost any type of human endeavor. Detrimental effects on endangered species are possible even as a result of efforts to benefit other endangered species. The types of possible conflicts range from potential problems that are easily solved in early planning processes to major brouhahas involving nearly every conceivable agency and party. Relative to bird control, it is important to understand the true magnitude of the situa- tion and to develop a factual perspective. According to Ziswiler (1967), 169 species and subspecies of birds have become extinct since the …

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A Report On Efficacy Of Methiocarb As An Avian Repellent In Figs And Results Of Industry-Wide Bird Damage Assessments, A. Charles Crabb Nov 1979

A Report On Efficacy Of Methiocarb As An Avian Repellent In Figs And Results Of Industry-Wide Bird Damage Assessments, A. Charles Crabb

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

California fig producers annually incur serious economic losses from bird damage to their early maturing Black Mission fig crop. During the 1976 growing season, the avian repellent methiocarb was tested to determine its effectiveness in reducing bird damage to figs. A number of problems developed in those trials which made the results difficult to interpret. With what was learned in the 1976 trials, a more intensive study was plan- ned with cooperation between the Fresno County Department of Agriculture, California Fig Institute, University of California at Davis, California State Department of Food and Agriculture, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, …

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Mesurol As A Bird Repellent On Grapes In Ohio, Hailu Kassa, Willaim B. Jackson Nov 1979

Mesurol As A Bird Repellent On Grapes In Ohio, Hailu Kassa, Willaim B. Jackson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Schafer and Brunton (1971) determined that methiocarb [3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylthio)phenol methylcarbamate] was efficaceous as a bird repellent, reporting low R50 and LD50 values for several bird species. Guarino (1972) suggested that bird damage to corn, soybeans, rice, sorghum, cherries, and grapes could be reduced by spraying with methiocarb. Crase and DeHaven (1976) concluded that methiocarb could be an effective broad-spectrum bird repellent and crop protectant. Bollengier et al. (1973), Stone et al. (1974), Ali (1978), Teklehaimanot (1978), and Jackson et al. (1978) reported that bird damage to blueberries was significantly lower in methiocarb-treated fields than in the untreated fields. Rogers (1974) describes …

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Timing Bird Control Applications In Ripening Corn, William Bridgeland Nov 1979

Timing Bird Control Applications In Ripening Corn, William Bridgeland

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

There is much debate among people in bird control about whether the various methods so far developed to control bird damage are really ever cost effective (Headley, 1972; Murton and Jones, 1973; Jackson, 1976; Dyer and Ward, 1978). One thing is clear, however. The likelihood of efficacy is increased if certain conditions are met when applying a control measure. Of these conditions for control application, the most obvious one that needs to be considered, after the decision to apply some control measure is made, is "when should the application be made?" It should be clear that the control application must …

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New Developments In Bird Resistant Sorghums, Roger W. Bullard Nov 1979

New Developments In Bird Resistant Sorghums, Roger W. Bullard

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

In recent years there has been a major shift of emphasis from lethal to nonlethal methods of controlling bird damage to agricultural crops. In addition to being unpopular, killing large number of birds has generally been ineffective because of rapid recovery of populations. Consequently, most of the methods that are now being investigated emphasize crop protection. Since sorghums are especially vulnerable to bird damage, considerable effort has been expended in the past 20 years to develop varieties that have morphological or chemical characteristics which are resistant to bird damage (Harris, 1969; Tipton et al., 1970; McMillian et al., 1972). Some …

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Crop Protection With Xironet, Thomas S. Foster Nov 1979

Crop Protection With Xironet, Thomas S. Foster

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

This presentation is an introduction to a new material and method of protecting crops in the U.S. from marauding birds. The method is to completely enclose the crop with a light expandable netting - called Xironet. Most use of Xironet in the U.S. has been on or in vineyards. For this reason the slides presented will feature Xironet applications on grapes. Because of the nets’ unique characteristics various other applications will come to mind during the presentation. Xironet Bird Protection Netting is an expandable light-weight netting which is usually applied over the tops of crops, like a canopy, to keep …

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Blackbird-Starling Winter Roost Survey In Kentucky And Tennessee, 1977-78, Jon F. Heisterberg Nov 1979

Blackbird-Starling Winter Roost Survey In Kentucky And Tennessee, 1977-78, Jon F. Heisterberg

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The existence of large winter blackbird-starling roosts has, at least in recent years, presented problems to residents of Kentucky and Tennessee. Farmers in the vicinity of large roosts have reported serious crop and feedlot losses (including transmission of livestock diseases caused by blackbirds and starlings). Aesthetic, human health, and nuisance problems are frequently associated with large roosts. To gain knowledge and understanding of the distribution and ecology of winter roosts so that more effective means of alleviating these problems can be found, the Fish and Wildlife Service periodically conducts roost surveys throughout the United States. Surveys of winter roosts, with …

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Primary And Secondary Losses In Corn Following Simulated Bird Damage, Paul P. Woronecki, Robert H. Stehn, Richard A. Dolbeer Nov 1979

Primary And Secondary Losses In Corn Following Simulated Bird Damage, Paul P. Woronecki, Robert H. Stehn, Richard A. Dolbeer

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Blackbird (Icteridae) damage to maturing corn (Zea mays) in the milk and dough stages has long been considered a severe problem in localized areas of the United States (Stone et al. 1972). Most estimates of primary loss to corn yields are based on visual or measured surface area estimates of damage to individual ears (Linehan 1967; De Grazio et al. 1969; DeHaven 1974; Granett et al. 1974). These estimates of loss ignore any compensating growth in the undamaged kernels and secondary losses from insects and disease that may have occurred following damage. Numerous studies of fruit, small grain, and hay …

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Monthly Planet, 1979, November, Brian Blix, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University Nov 1979

Monthly Planet, 1979, November, Brian Blix, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

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Proceedings Eighth Bird Control Seminar: Frontmatter And Contents Nov 1979

Proceedings Eighth Bird Control Seminar: Frontmatter And Contents

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio; 30 October - 1 November 1979
SPONSORED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES CENTER, BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY, WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE AND NATIONAL PEST CONTROL ASSOCIATION VIENNA, VIRGINIA

DR. WILLIAM B. JACKSON, Conference Chairman and Editor
SHIRLEY S. JACKSON and BETH A. JACKSON, Assistant Editors

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Setting Up An Effective Urban Blackbird Roost Control Program, Sally S. Erdman Nov 1979

Setting Up An Effective Urban Blackbird Roost Control Program, Sally S. Erdman

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The City of Denton is situated 35 miles north of north-central Texas. This area is within one of the major N-S corridors for migratory birds. It is also far enough south so that winters are generally mild and open. The average rainfall of 30 inches sustains good stands of pecan and several species of oak, which serve as excellent roost sites for blackbirds. For the past several years, summering flocks of blackbirds have chosen Denton as a roosting site. Interviews with oldtimers here indicate that flocks of birds have always been around. It is only in recent years that their …

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Developmental Status Of N-(3-Chloro-4-Methylphenyl) Acetamide As A Candidate Blackbird/Starling Roost Toxicant, Paul W. Lefebvre, Nicholas R. Holler, Raymond E. Matteson, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Donald J. Cunningham Nov 1979

Developmental Status Of N-(3-Chloro-4-Methylphenyl) Acetamide As A Candidate Blackbird/Starling Roost Toxicant, Paul W. Lefebvre, Nicholas R. Holler, Raymond E. Matteson, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Donald J. Cunningham

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Large winter roosts of blackbirds (Icteridae) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) often cause conflicts, both real and imagined, between the birds and local human popula- tions. These conflicts may range from objections to the noise and odor engendered by thousands or millions of birds, to fear of epidemic human and livestock diseases, and the possibility of economic losses from crop depredations. Many people believe the most direct way to combat these conflicts is to reduce local roosting populations by kill- ing the birds. In response to this perceived need for a roost toxicant, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) developed …

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Behavioural And Physiological Problems Associated With The Development Of Curb, Rufus J. Stone Nov 1979

Behavioural And Physiological Problems Associated With The Development Of Curb, Rufus J. Stone

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

CURB is a harmless chemical repellent formulated and prepared to control avian and mammalian behavior which may result in losses of cultivated crops at all stages of growth, of food in storage, and also in behavior which may endanger health (e.g. dogs fouling) or life (e.g. birds on runways at airports). It is a fine powder, which may be wet- table for spraying when mixed with water; or it may be prepared for dry application. It is synergised aluminum ammonium sulfate. Its LD50 is greater than 5 gr/kg; it has passed the U.S.A. and French skin and eye mucosa tests …

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Extended Use Of Starlicide In Reducing Bird Damage In Southeastern Feedlots, Allen R. Stickley Jr. Nov 1979

Extended Use Of Starlicide In Reducing Bird Damage In Southeastern Feedlots, Allen R. Stickley Jr.

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The livestock industry is a major agricultural activity in the Southeast where large numbers of wintering blackbirds and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) consume and con- taminate feed at livestock feeding operations. This study was conducted in Tennessee, where the 1977 cash sales for cattle, hog, and dairy products approximated $579 milion or 42% of sales of all Tennessee farm commodities (Tennessee Crop Reporting Ser- vices 1978). Although no feeding operation damage figures are available, losses to birds at feedlots may be as great or greater than depredations to wheat and corn crops (Stickley et al. 1976, Dolbeer et al. 1978, Dolbeer …

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Behavioral Control Of Seagulls At Langley Air Force Base, John F. Stout, Ernest R. Schwab Nov 1979

Behavioral Control Of Seagulls At Langley Air Force Base, John F. Stout, Ernest R. Schwab

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Sea gulls (Laridae) of various species are more frequently reported in bird-aircraft collisions than any other group of birds. Various sources (Thorpe, 1976; Salter, 1976; Blokpoel, 1976) report that gulls were involved in 40 to 60% of all bird strikes for both civilian and military aircraft. A majority of these incidents occurred during landing or takeoff in the immediate vicinity of the airport. Thus, reducing the number of gulls in operationally critical areas of the airport is an important goal for flight safety manage- ment. Sea gulls at Langley Air Force Base (Harrison and Godsey, 1976) and other airports (Blokpoel, …

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Cardiac And Operant Behavior Response Of Starlings (Sturnus Vulgaris) To Distress And Alarm Sounds, R. Daniel Thompson, Brad E. Johns, C. Val Grant Nov 1979

Cardiac And Operant Behavior Response Of Starlings (Sturnus Vulgaris) To Distress And Alarm Sounds, R. Daniel Thompson, Brad E. Johns, C. Val Grant

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

A variety of auditory stimuli have been used for many years as a means of repelling nuisance birds from problem areas (Boudreau, 1968; Bremond et al., 1968; Frings and Jumber, 1954; Langowski et al., 1969; Nelson and Seubert 1966; Pearson and Corner, 1967; Thompson et al., 1966, 1968a, b). This approach to alleviating bird problems is ap- pealing because wild birds are considered very sensitive to sound stimuli of biological origin, and such stimuli are harmless to both target and nontarget species. The harmless aspect is an important advantage in dealing with wildlife related problems because of the increased public …

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Arbovirus Surveillance In Ohio -- 1979 Update, Richard L. Berry, Margaret A. Parsons Nov 1979

Arbovirus Surveillance In Ohio -- 1979 Update, Richard L. Berry, Margaret A. Parsons

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The Ohio Department of Health (ODH) has maintained an arbovirus surveillance pro- gram since 1964, when the Vector-borne Disease Unit was formed to survey and study California encephalitis epidemiology in Ohio. Since 1975, a major part of the surveillance program has been devoted to St. Louis encephalitis. Both of these diseases have viruses as the causative agent of illness. Both have specific mosquito vectors, and both are classified as zoonotic diseases in that they are primarily diseases of wild vertebrates, transmissible to man -- in this case, only by the bite of an infected mosquito. The vertebrate reservoirs of California …

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Avian Hosts Of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus , Robert G. Mclean, Thomas W. Scott Nov 1979

Avian Hosts Of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus , Robert G. Mclean, Thomas W. Scott

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus normally infects birds and is transmitted between birds by mosquito vectors. Thus it is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus). SLE virus is found throughout the Americas, and human disease has been reported from the nor- thern part of the hemisphere. Human epidemics have been reported only from northern Mexico (Gonzalez Cortes, et al. 1975), the United States, and southern Canada (CDC 1977). Other viruses closely related to SLE (dengue, yellow fever, and Rocio viruses) cause epidemics in Central and South America. In the United States, SLE is the most important mosquito-borne disease of humans in terms …

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Food Preferences And Damage Levels Of Some Avian Rice Field Pests In Malaysia, Michael L. Avery Nov 1979

Food Preferences And Damage Levels Of Some Avian Rice Field Pests In Malaysia, Michael L. Avery

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

As in many other countries throughout the world, rice is a staple food item in Malaysia. Through the development of improved varieties, irrigation systems, and agronomic practices, rice production there has increased substantially in recent years and the country is now 80-85% self-sufficient in rice. The main limitation to obtaining full self-sufficiency is the lack of additional land area suitable for raising two rice crops annually (Samy 1977). Another factor limiting production is rice crop pests, particularly rats and insects. Birds also are generally acknowledged as pests in rice fieids of this region (FAO 1973, De Grazio 1978), but in …

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Pigeon Associated People Diseases, Walter Weber Nov 1979

Pigeon Associated People Diseases, Walter Weber

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Feral pigeons (Columbia livia) are not harmless birds. Many potential infections of humans silently exist in pigeons which are not apparent. They have the potential for transmission of over 30 diseases to humans plus another ten to domestic animals. Environmental pollution from pigeon droppings is quite evident. Air pollution involves more than noxious gases from automobile exhausts and belching smokestacks. One serious air pollutant is air-borne fungi, which are agents for infectious diseases. There is much information written about the problem, but it remains primarily in the professional journals and technical references, neatly stacked away on library shelves. The objective …

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A New “Parotrap” Adapted From The Mac Trap For Capturing Live Parakeets In The Field, Elsadig Awad Bashir Nov 1979

A New “Parotrap” Adapted From The Mac Trap For Capturing Live Parakeets In The Field, Elsadig Awad Bashir

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri [Scopdi]) has been reported (Roberts, 1974; Bashir, 1978; Beg, 1978; and DeGrazio, 1978) as a serious bird pest of maize, sunflower, rape seeds, and fruit crops, particularly citrus, mangoes, and guavas, in Pakistan. Estimated annual losses to maize grown for seed alone amount to about 97,000 tons, worth about Pak. Rs. 150 million or US $15 million (Roberts, 1978). Paradoxically, this handsome bright green parakeet is highly esteemed in the pet trade; and limited numbers are also marketed locally and sometimes exported to neighboring countries, particularly the Arab Gulf Emirates, as caged pets. Traditional control …

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Diets Of The Red-Billed Quelea (Quelea Quelea) In The Awash River Basin Of Ethiopia, W. A. Erickson Nov 1979

Diets Of The Red-Billed Quelea (Quelea Quelea) In The Awash River Basin Of Ethiopia, W. A. Erickson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

An understanding of the feeding ecology of the red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea) is necessary for a comprehensive assessment of the potential impact of this species on cereals development. Queleas are reported to subsist primarily on wild Gramineae (Ward 1965a; Gaston 1976), but their mobility and tendency to feed in large aggregations readily adapts them to becoming a major cereal crop pest (Dyer & Ward 1977). Currently, conflicting evidence exists as to the factors involved in attacks on cereals and the relationship of depredation to the availability of wild foods. In Nigeria, Ward’s (1965a) findings indicated queleas prefer small wild grass …

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Perches Coated With Glue Reduce Bird Damage In Ricefield Plots, Russell F. Reidinger Jr., Justiniano L. Libay Nov 1979

Perches Coated With Glue Reduce Bird Damage In Ricefield Plots, Russell F. Reidinger Jr., Justiniano L. Libay

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Although national losses are unknown, bird damage is a chronic problem for many Filipino rice farmers and is sometimes a severe problem within localized areas. Three species of Philippine weavers (Lonchura malacca, L. leucogaster, and L. punctulata) are common pests; and other birds such as sparrows, parrots, and even ducks contribute to crop losses. Post seedling damage by Philippine weavers, the focus of this study, usually occurs from the milky to the early maturing stages of rice growth. At this time, the birds arrive in flocks, alight within the fields, and squeeze "milk" from the developing seeds or hull the …

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Blackbird And Starling Roosting Dynamics: Mplications For Animal Damage Control, Theodore A. Bookhouts, Stephen B. White Nov 1979

Blackbird And Starling Roosting Dynamics: Mplications For Animal Damage Control, Theodore A. Bookhouts, Stephen B. White

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Each winter an estimated 350 million starlings, red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), and brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) congregate in roosts in the southeastern United States (Meanley 1971, Meanley and Royall 1976). These birds have been of increasing concern because of agricultural damage claims (Stickley et al. 1976, Dolbeer et al. 1978), reputed health hazards (Monroe and Cronholm 1977), and other nuisance problems associated with them. Historical population trends (Dolbeer and Stehn 1979) and the source of winter-roosting blackbirds (Meanley 1971, Meanley and Dolbeer 1978, and Dolbeer 1978) have been summarized, but little information on the number of …

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Dispersal Patterns And Habitat Relationships Of Roosting And Flocking Red-Winged Blackbirds, Ronnie J. Johnson Nov 1979

Dispersal Patterns And Habitat Relationships Of Roosting And Flocking Red-Winged Blackbirds, Ronnie J. Johnson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) dispersal patterns from a communal roost and associated habitat relationships were studied in central New York State during summer and fall, 1976 and 1977. Density of foraging birds in a 10° sector out to 48 km from a roost was highest at 10 km. The greatest density of after-hatching-year (AHY) males occurred at approximately 10 km; of hatching-year (HY) birds, males and females, at approximately 18 km. HY females generally foraged further than did HY males, as well as further than AHY males. Relative proportions of each habitat type and arrangement pattern of habitats were mapped …

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Seasonal, Habitat And Sex-Specific Patterns Of Food Utilization By Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius Phoeniceous) In Eastern Ontario And Their Economic Importance, Donald K. Mcnichol, Raleigh J. Robertson, Patrick J. Weatherhead Nov 1979

Seasonal, Habitat And Sex-Specific Patterns Of Food Utilization By Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius Phoeniceous) In Eastern Ontario And Their Economic Importance, Donald K. Mcnichol, Raleigh J. Robertson, Patrick J. Weatherhead

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Crop depredation by red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) causes serious economic losses to agricultural crops each year in both Canada and the United States. The concentration of vulnerable, monocultural crops, particularly corn, during periods when large flocks of blackbirds congregate in roosting areas prior to migration has invariably led to heavy feeding pressure (Stone et al., 1972; Wiens and Dyer, 1975; Tyler et al., 1978). Efforts to reduce damage levels by mechanical and chemical dispersal agents have been largely unsuccessful, at least in terms of a long-term solution to the problem. Recently, the lethal control of blackbird populations using surfactants has …

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Effects Of The Roost Site On The Energetics Of Blackbirds And Starlings, Sheldon Lustick, Michael Kelty Nov 1979

Effects Of The Roost Site On The Energetics Of Blackbirds And Starlings, Sheldon Lustick, Michael Kelty

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

To augment their physiological and physical thermoregulatory capacity, many birds display long-term behavioral adjustments; the significance of this has been considered, yet detailed information is lacking (Dawson and Hudson 1970; Calder and King 1974). One such behavioral adjustment appears to be communal roosting in sheltered areas during winter nights. This behavior has been demonstrated in nuthatches (Sitta spp.) (Knorr 1957), finches (Leucosticte spp.) (French 1959; King and Wales 1964), eastern bluebirds (Siala sialis) (Frazier and Nolan 1959), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoniceus), brown headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), bronzed grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) (Francis 1976), and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) (Francis 1976; Yom-Tov et …

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On The Feasibility Of Surfactants As A Blackbird Management Tool In Quebec, Patrick J. Weatherhead, J. R. Bider, Robert G. Clark Nov 1979

On The Feasibility Of Surfactants As A Blackbird Management Tool In Quebec, Patrick J. Weatherhead, J. R. Bider, Robert G. Clark

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

The use of surfactants to reduce winter roosting blackbirds (Icteridae) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in the southeastern United States attracted considerable attention several years ago. At that time concern was expressed that more research was required to ensure that the economic losses and health hazards attributed to the birds were real and that population reduction at winter roosts was a viable solution (Jackson 1976; Robertson et al. 1978). Subsequent research has shown that these concerns were justified. In a study of the winter roost at Milan, Tennessee, Dolbeer et al. (1978) found that the only serious agricultural problems were associated …

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