Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Aspergillosis In Common Crows In Nebraska, 1974, Joseph Zinkl, Joseph Hyland, James Hurt

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Staff Research Publications

During fall 1974, approximately 1,000 to 1,500 common crows (Corvus brachynhvnchos) died of aspergillosis in south-central Nebraska. The binds were debilitated, lethargic and dyspneic. On necropsy, typical lesions of aspergillosis were found in the lungs and air sacs. Histopathologic examination revealed granulomatous lesions around fungal hyphae in the respiratory system.

West Africa (East Central Atlantic) As A Regional Base For Fisheries Management, Conservation And Research: And Pollution Control, Vincent F. Adebolu

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

About two decades ago when the First Law of the Sea Conference was underway, little attention was paid to ocean management. By then all of the ocean space apart from narrow bands of coastal waters was broadly recognized as the High Seas which is open to use by all countries. But despite this concept of free open use, only the major maritime powers were actually interested in maximizing the freedom of the seas principle. During this period there were only ninety independent coastal and landlocked states.

Rhode Island Coastal Zone Management And Local Government Organizational Structure: An Analysis Of Selected Community Governments, Methods, And Capabilities, Robert F. Greene

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

It is the purpose of this discussion to examine the organizational structure, and the governmental processes selected Rhode Island communities utilize to carry out their particular role as participants in the management of the coastal resources within their political boundaries. Insofar as practicable, the major sources of information for this research are the communities themselves--their elected and appointed officials, and the documentary material the Towns generate and use as they carry out their management functions.

A Study Of The Second And Third Committees Of The Third United Nations Conference On The Law Of The Sea, James C. Bridgman

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea was divided along lines established for the preparitory Conference. The plenary consisted of all delegates of all delegations and was generally used to make formal what had already been negotiated in closed sessions. In the fifth session, it took on a new function as a forum for debating in closed session proposed articles on dispute settlement. In the future, it will look at drafts of the preamble and final clauses to the Convention. Each of three primary committees was empowered with specific issues to consider, again stemming from the …

The Limnetic Zooplankton Community Of Boulder Basin, Lake Mead In Relation To The Metalimnetic Oxygen Minimum, Thomas A. Burke

Publications (WR)

The limnetic zooplankton community of Boulder Basin, Lake Mead, was examined to determine the role of this community in the development of a metalimnetic oxygen minimum which regularly occurs in the lake. Analysis of the community from May 1975 to April 1976 revealed that zooplankton maintain high populations within the metalimnion during summer stratification. The species composition of the community changes noticeably during the summer, but due to advanced stages excysting from resting forms, a complete assemblage of individuals are found throughout the 74 day period studied. Thermal stratification was weak, covering a 30 meter metalimnion. Eddy currents powered by …

Anclote Power Station Post-Operational Plankton Monitoring Program: Vol 2 Appendices, Florida Power Corporation

Reports

Appendix IV-A through appendix IV-F

Assessment Of Mechanical Damage To Entrained Ichthyoplankton, Vepco Surry Nuclear Power Station, J. V. Merriner, A. D. Estes

Reports

Thermal plume ichthyopla~kton sampling during November and December 1976 was cancelled since Units 1 and 2 of VEPCO Surry Nuclear Power Station were non-operational due to refueling. In lieu of the thermal plume ichthyoplankton entrainment program, a sampling program to estimate mortality from mechanical damage was initiated.

Four sampling sites were selected for determination of quantity and condition of organisms entering and leaving the plant. Sites were selected at points preceding and following critical areas where the likelihood of damage was greatest. Net .sets were made using a 0.5 meter paired net apparatus. All sets were at bottom strata to …

Anclote Power-Station Post-Operational Plankton Monitoring Program Volume Ii: Appendices, Environmental Systems Department Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Florida Power Corporation

Reports

Appendix IV-A through IV-F

Coastal Management In Virginia: At The Crossroads

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Environmental Perception In Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico, Howard Graham Crow Ii

Geography ETDs

The focus of this study was on visitor satisfac­tion in a natural area, as opposed to alternative use such as preservation of the area, with little or no visitor access. Visitor satisfaction can be approached through studies in environmental perception. Such studies integrate work in psychology, philosophy, and geography. This author sought to determine whether or not more precise information about the perceptual basis for visitor satisfaction in a natural area could be obtained through survey research. Bandelier National Monument served as a useful laboratory for carrying out this research.

Data collection was by a survey technique. A detailed questionnaire …

Ua77/1 Western Alumnus, Vol. 47, No. 4, Wku Alumni Relations

WKU Administration Documents

Quarterly magazine created for WKU alumni. Regular features are Hilltopics, Sports, Alumni Newsgrams and Notes and In Memoriam. This issue includes:

• Energy: Campus Conservation
• The Quilting Bee
• Old-Timers Take the Court
• Students and the Job Hunt
• Behind the Scenes
• Living and Learning Laboratories
• Rx for Ailing Indoor Plants
• Mardi Gras! ROTC on Parade
• Following the Yellow Brick Road
• Ford: Words of a President
• Photo Feature - President Downing
• Lights, Camera, Actioin!

Suspended And Dissolved Solids Effects On Freshwater Biota: A Review, Darwin L. Sorensen, Margaret M. Mccarthy, E. Joe Middlebrooks, Donald B. Porcella

Reports

It is widely recognized that suspended and dissolved solids in lakes, rivers, streams, and reservoirs affect water quality. In this report the research needs appropriate to setting freshwater quality criteria or standards for suspeneded solids (not including bedload) and dissolveed solids are defined by determining the state of our knowledge from a critical review of the recent literature in this field. Common literature sources and computer searching routines were used as an initial source of information followed by detailed journal searches. Although some 185 journal articles, government reports, and other referecnes were cited herein (about 45 percent publicshed since 1974) …

The Basis Of College Recommendations On Orchard Mouse Control In New York, James W. Caslick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

We all depend heavily upon the advice of others, in making our day-to- day decisions. Months, and perhaps years, before the first ounce of a new rodenticide is used by an orchardist, a series of successful "convincings" must occur. A market analyst must convince his company that a new rodenticide is needed and that a suitable market exists. The company's researchers must convince management that their candidate rodenticide has potential worth exploring. Perhaps researchers outside the company then convince management that outside research services would be beneficial. Researchers must then convince regulatory agencies that the new rodenticide is effective against …

The Neadow Vole Situation In Maine Orchards, Francis J. Gramlich

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Maine orchards produce quality apples--prihllirily }illcIntosh, Cortland, red and golden delicious. We have about 400,000 trees on 7,000 acres. Our production is still in standard trees that are widely spaced, although aL~ost all newer plantings are going to dwarfing stocks. The average orchard is quite small--between 50 and 100 acres. There are several over 200 acres. The largest is 700 acres and is in a class by itself. Most Maine orchards are relatively old and in heavy sod, consequently have have heavy grass and weed cover. Fall meadow mouse populations of more than 200 per acre have been recorded in …

Position Relative To Endrin And Zinc Phosphide For Control Of Pine Mice And Meadow Mice, R. N. Barber

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Barber Orchards has been an operating orchard since 1903. We are commercial growers with about 31,000 trees. Our number one problem over the years has been the loss of trees due to destruction of root systems by these two species of rodents.

Rodenticide Development, Richard C. Ostrowski

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

It is unfortunate that the development of rodenticide products has not kept pace with other orchard needs. This may be due to 1) long term availability of an inexpensive material, 2) return-on-investment for development costs of new products in lieu of this availability. A critical situation is developing in that the standard material is not performing as well as it did in the past. This may be related to the development of areas of resistance and the increase in pine vole activity.

A Matter Of Survival, S. Pitchon

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Session V of the program calls for "Chemical Industry Positions on Economics of Rodenticides". I will attempt to describe some of the problems that industry faces in registering pesticides and how they affect the cost and delay registration.

How Our Company Views Pine Mouse Control, H. Lee Showalter

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Hess Orchards of Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, are growers and packers of fresh fruits. At the present time, we have approximately 350 acres planted to apples and 125 acres planted to peaches. We are producing about 180,000 bushels of apples and 15,000 bushels of peaches annually. Our company is concerned mainly with 'pine' mouse damage. We have had meadow mouse injury but it has not been as much of a problem as the pine mouse damage. We have been spending $4,000 to $6,000 for rodenticide materials annually. This does not include the labor necessary to apply the materials.

Vole Damage And Attempted Control In West Virginia, Bob Butler

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Meadow and pine vole damage is the number one problem in commercial orchards in the West Virginia area. At present apple powdery mildew is second but vole (hereafter referred to as mouse) damage is first.

Pine Vole Control Research In Virginia, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A number of anticoagulant baits were found to be effective for the control of pine voles in apple orchards. The more toxic and acute the anticoagulant bait, the more effective the compounds appeared to be in field trials. A single 10 lb/A application of ICI 581, LM 637, and CPN gave excellent control in 1976 trials. Apple baits of ICI 581 and RH 787 also performed very well as a single 10 lb or 5 lb application per acre, respectively. Endrin applied to an orchard with a history of 10 years or more of annual applications did not control the …

Microtine Damage In Michigan Apple Orchards, Walt Conley, Craig S. Killian

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The object of this study was to provide an estimate of the financial losses caused in Michigan's apple orchards by members of the genus Miarotus, and, if possible, to discover some of the factors affecting the amount of damage. Information was collected from apple growers and from direct observation of 1,520 Michigan apple trees. Data was collected concerning the winters of 1972-73 and 1973-74. Both of these years were characterized hy relatively low populations of microtine rodents in Michigan.

Thevole Problem In Pennsylvania Apple Orchards, George M. Greene

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

At the present time voles are the single most destructive pest in apple orchards in Pennsylvania. No other pest can inflict the type of damage that can kill apple trees as surely as girdling. Orcharding involves tremendous investments ($2,000 - $3,000 per acre) and these investments are being seriously threatened by localized outbreaks of pine and meadow vole infestations.

Progress In Pine Vole Ecological Research And Its Relevance To Damage Control, R. L. Kirkpatrick, R. E. Noffsinger

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

LaVoie and Tietjen (1971) pointed to the "paucity of quantitative data concerning vital phases of the life history of the pine vole" as one possible reason for our lack of progress in controlling pine vole damage. They suggested that pine voles do not seem to be readily adaptable to a wide range of habitat types and conditions and that this lack of adaptive ability might be exploited in their control by manipulation of limiting factors in their habitat. They also suggested a balanced program of research which would include studies of vole populations, their habits and their habitats as well …

The Ir-4 Project Can Help, Drew Baker

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

You are probably wondering what IR-4 stands for. It means Interregional Project No.4 and it is funded by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and all of the state agricultural experiment stations. Its purpose is to obtain data to meet EPA requirements for registrations and tolerances on minor crops and specialty uses. The pesticide industry will sometimes conclude that the potential profit from some minor use is too small. When this is the case, IR-4 attempts to fill the data gaps. Since the states and USDA have only limited facilities for toxicity and environmental studies, IR-4 limits itself to those projects …

Remarks To Be Presented At The First Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Merle H. Markley

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A Rebuttable Presumption Against Reregistration has been issued against endrin. It is my own opinion that: First endrin should be critically examined, use by use, with respect to effectiveness and alleged hazard to non-target animals, be they pets, domestic stock or wildlife; and secondly, that a careful and complete review be made of all economic benefits against the hazards identified in the earlier review. The notice which appeared in the Federal Register emphasized the occasional harmful aspects of use and failed to give much or any credence to benefits. Certainly there must be some value to the grower and financial …

Registration Of Pesticides By Epa Section 3, Daniel B. Peacock

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Section 3 Regulations of FIFRA, published July 3, 1975 (40FR28267), require the submission of chemistry, toxicology, and efficacy data for registration. The EPA uses these data to determine if a product, when used according to label directions, is effective for the purpose claimed without causing unreasonable effects on man or the environment. Described below are the basic types of data required.

The Influence Of Pine Vole Damage On Apple Tree Vigor And Fruit Yield, Karen Pearson

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Accurate estimates of financial losses caused by pine voles in apple orchards is essential in order to obtain reliable cost figures for use in evaluations of various control methods. Most pine vole damage occurs below ground and any attempt to evaluate the severity of the damage in relation to the loss in productivity of the tree proves very difficult. For this reason estimates of vole damage are usually only in terms of annual tree losses. However, damage to the trunk and roots caused by pine voles affect the vigor, yield, fruit quality and ultimately the market value of the crop. …

Epa Registration Requirements For Orchard Rodenticides And The Manufacturer's Development Conslderations, D. L. Peardon

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Data requirements for the registration of pesticides in the United States, and other countries, have been increasing steadily over the past 25 years. Requirements have increased fastest during the past 5 years.

Population Dynamics And Reproduction In Virginia Meadow Voles, Robert K. Rose

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This paper describes changes in important demographic parameters of a grassland (non-orchard) population of the meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus) studied since November 1974 near Charlottesville in piedmont Virginia. (This study was supported by the Dept of Biology of the University of Virginia until August 1976, and is now the joint project with Ray D. Dueser, Dept of Environmental Sciences, UVA, and is supported by our respective departments.) Methods used are similar to those of C.J. Krebs, and require weekly live-trapping during which each vole is weighed and assessed for reproductive state and new voles are tagged. Such information has been …

Coping With Pesticide Registration Problems, Harry K. Rust

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) was created to cope with complex pesticide problems and their effect on man and the environment. State pesticide laws have a similar responsibility and often provide additional regulation to address problems or conditions specific to that individual state. Pesticides are unique when compared to other potential pollutants. Unlike most others, pesticides are deliberately introduced into the environment to achieve a distinct result or benefit. This very fact requires that the benefits afforded by these chemicals be weighed against the undesirable consequences likely to result. This benefit/ risk balancing is not easy.