Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Comments On The Pine Vole In Orchards And Its Control, J. G. Barrat

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

There are many present orchard problems, most of them seasonal in nature, but few cause the serious losses that extensive vole injury does. Voles do their damage by feeding on the bark of the roots and at the crown of the trunk causing partial or complete girdling which weakens or kills the tree. Vole damage is feared because it means the loss of a tree or a group of trees as a maximum producing unit which takes several years to replace. Partially girdled trees may survive for years with low production. The lack of mouse control is often blamed on …

My View Of Our Pine Vole Control Problem, Steve Clark

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In a recent survey of pine mouse infestation, it was determined that approximately 37% of the orchard land had serious enough damage to warrant control measures. Some growers are using chlorophacinone as a ground spray. We are also putting out tarpaper bait stations and baiting with either Ramik Brown or Rozol pellets. There has been mixed results with both methods and our growers are still looking for a better control method.

Economic Implications Of Using Zinc Phosphide To Replace Endrin In Apple Orchards, Walter L. Ferguson

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Consideration is being given to suspend or restrict the use of endrin for controlling mice in orchards. If endrin were not available for this use, State extension and experiment station personnel in 6 Eastern States and 2 Western States estimated that apple production losses would increase from mice injury on 33,400 endrin-treated bearing acres, (12,500 acres in the Eastern States and 20,900 acres in the Western States). The 6 Eastern States include Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia: the 2 Western States are Idaho and Washington. Estimates of production changes without endrin were made assuming zinc …

Survival Rates Of Pine Voles In North Carolina Orchards, Don W. Hayne

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

There are a number of definitions of control of a pest. One of the competing definitions, and probably the most common even if not accepted in advanced circles, is to kill off the pest. Translated, this says: to increase the mortality rate, preferably to an extreme degree. I am going to talk here about survival rates. A survival rate is just the complement of the mortality rate - if survival is 80 percent, then mortality is 20 percent. It happens to be more generally useful in studying populations to deal with survival rates, so I hope I may be excused …

Development Of Pp581 Rodenticide By Ici-United States, Inc., Dale E. Kaukeinen

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The Agricultural Chemicals Division of ICI-US was formed in 1970 and is closely tied with Plant Protection Division (PPD) in England. PPD has world-wide responsibility for research, development and marketing of agricultural crop protection chemicals including herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, nematocides, plant growth regulators, and rodenticides. Past achievements have included 2,4-D, Paraquat, Diquat, and BHC, among others. Experimental compounds from the U.K. are evaluated and developed for the U.S. by the Biological Research Center at Goldsboro, N.C. Facilities on this 250 acre site include fully-equipped laboratories for the formulation, research, development, and residue departments. Field trials can be carried out on …

Pine And Meadow Research In Pennsylvania Relevant To Control In Orchards, Robert G. Anthony

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Results from field studies and questionnaires mailed to commercial orchardists in Pennsylvania indicate use of orchards by wildlife poses management problems for orchardists, horticulturists, county extension agents, and wildlife managers. Data substantiate the detriment of wildlife to orchard trees and fruits as viewed by commercial orchardists. In addition, existing control methods are often inconsistent and ineffective and necessitate use of toxic substances which may have far-reaching environmental effects. Consequently, a need for sounder management of wildlife in orchards is apparent. Studies at The Pennsylvania State University have focused on: (1) surveys on the extent and severity of wildlife damage in …

Apples, Voles And Endrin, Melvin H. Kolbe

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Voles damage trees in several ways. They eat the roots, and if the damage is light the apple tree may not show any obvious problem, but the amount of yield loss can be great. If the voles girdle the tree (cut the bark at or near the soil line), they cut the xylem tubes and this will reduce the amount of water and nutrients taken into the tree. When this happens and moisture stress is high, the tree will turn yellow in July (summer months). If injury is serious, the tree top may die, and if the girdling is severe, …

Mouse Control In My Orchard, Everett Lutz

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

There are all kinds of problems in the apple growing business, but among the major problems are Eastern Pine and Meadow Voles. There is no need to elaborate on the damage they can do. Everyone in the orchard business knows the destruction caused by voles. They can completely eradicate an orchard. For twenty (20) years or more Endrin has been used to solve the vole problem. It has done an excellent job.

Mouse Control In My Orchard, Perry Lowe Jr.

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The control of mice was by far the most serious problem that I had in producing apples before Endrin became available as a ground spray. I have used Endrin in my orchards every year except one since it became available in our area. The one year that I failed to use Endrin I lost 20% of the trees in one block from mouse damage

Registration Of Pesticides By Epa, Raymond W. Matheny

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A paper to consider current pesticide registration requirements, especially as they pertain to the use of rodenticides in orchards.

Mouse Damage, A Serious Problem For The Virginia Apple Industry, C. Purcell Mccue Jr.

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The 1972 Apple and Peach Tree Survey indicated that there were 1.6 million apple trees in Virginia. Dr. J. B. Bell and Dr. J. M. Johnson report that based on information from the Statistical Reporting Service and the Economic Research Service that the average per year market value of the 1973-74-75 Virginia Apple crop was $109,160,000. This value consists of the farm value of $28 million plus packing, storage, processing, and other marketing services. It is estimated that mouse damage to apple trees reduces the output in Virginia by 10% per year or a potential loss of $11,000,000 annually for …

Meadow Vole Control With Ramik Brown, W. B. O'Neal

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A considerable amount of information has been generated regarding the use of Ramik for pine vole control. However, in many cases pine and meadow vole inhabit the same orchard. Also, there is some concern on efficacy and/or future availability of present treatments used for controlling meadow vole. With this in mind, many experiments were initiated to study the effect of Ramik on meadow vole. Information regarding three of these experiments is presented in this paper.

Pine Voles (Pitymys Pinetorum) And Orchard Damage Research: An Overview Of The N.Y. Coop Wildlife Research Program In Animal Damage, Milo Richmond, Robert Stehn, Mary Dunlay

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

We began our research effort in 1968 with a project aimed at determining the efficacy of endrin treatment for pine vole control. Grower concerns and a small amount of laboratory data indicated that endrin was no longer as reliable in controlling pine voles as it was in the early sixties. Our initial efforts were twofold. We sought first to determine the existing efficacy of endrin and secondly to evaluate any resistance by pine voles to this chemical control procedure. Unfortunately, this entire endrin research effort was dropped by the Cooperative Research Unit when endrin as well as other persistent chlorinated …

The Role Of The Fish And Wildlife Service Research In Solving The Eastern Pine Vole/Orchard Problem, Richard N. Smith

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Many orchardists, nurserymen and Christmas tree grcwers, State extension agents, and a few Fish and Wildlife Service people are aware of the economic problems that pine voles (microtus pinetorum) cause to orchards in the Appalachian Regions of the United States. This is expected for these people have had to deal first hand with economic losses caused by these small mammals. What is unusual and somewhat discouraging is that this problem was identified over forty years ago and that we really know little more about this animal now than we did then.

The Pine Vole Control Problem In Eastern New York Apple Orchards, Warren H. Smith

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine voles have always been a problem in a few orchards in Eastern New York. In the past the vole population was controlled with Endrin, and damage to trees, although significant, was tolerable. From 1970 to 1972 more and more complaints were heard from growers concerning Pine vole damage to apple trees. Apparently as vole populations increased and damage became more serious, the word spread among growers and an awareness within the fruit growing community concerning the pine vole problem was generated. It is interesting to note that during this period when pine voles population seem to increase, Endrin was …

The Need For An Integrated Control Strategy For Orchard Mouse Damage, Robert Stehn, Elizabeth Johnson, Milo Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

During the last six years the N.Y. Coop. Wildlife Research Unit has been involved in research on pine voles. Projects have included studies of reproduction in the laboratory, population biology in orchards and testing of pine vole control toxicants. Field work has been restricted to a few orchards in Ulster and Orange counties in the Hudson Valley. Therefore some of the results may reflect local conditions and should be regarded as preliminary in nature. Work involving control procedures has indicated that hand baiting with anticoagulant pellets under previously established bait stations averages 85 percent reduction in pine vole numbers. Anticoagulant …

Pine Vole Control With Herbicides, Roger S. Young

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The pine vole, M. pinetorum, has become the number one problem in many West Virginia orchards. It's deep subterranean tunnel system makes it more difficult to control than other voles. A decade ago the vole population was limited almost entirely to the apple orchard. This undoubtedly correlates to the abundance of vegetative ground cover found in the apple orchard as contrasted to the more cleanly cultivated peach orchard. The cultural methods used in the peach orchard have changed toward a sod culture similar to that of the apple orchard and at the same time the vole problem in the peach …

"Mouse-Ateria" - A Bait Station For Rodents, Bruce Porterfield, Henry J. Eavis

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In 1918 the first device of this kind was designed near Winchester, Virginia. In 1973 we introduced a high strength Styrene plastic version of it, copied from the hand-blown glass model.

Registration List

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Registration List

Water Current, Volume 9, No. 2, March/April 1977

Water Current Newsletter

NWRC Research Overview
Exon Creates Drought Task Force
Kremer Suggest Comprehensive Water Code
Department of Interior Appointees
Review of Water Resources Projects Initiated
OWRT Urges Restoration of Water Science Money
Northern Plains Groundwater Tests Encouraging
Automation Helps Water Chemists Keep Up with New Pollutants
Research Review: Herbicide Transport in Soil Under Center Pivot Irrigation Systems

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 9, No. 1. March 1977

The Prairie Naturalist

NESTING BY FERRUGINOUS HAWKS AND OTHER RAPTORS ON HIGH VOLTAGE POWERLINE TOWERS ▪ D. S. Gilmer and J. M. Wiebe

ARTHROPODS CONSUMED BY AN IMMATURE MARBLED GODWIT ▪ R. M. Timm and R. M. Zink

NOTES

Black-headed Grosbeak in Jamestown, North Dakota ▪ R. Lender

Summer Record of Red-breasted Nuthatch in North Dakota ▪ R. Lender

BOOK REVIEWS

Minnesota's Wild Flowers ▪ Staff

In Search of Eagles ▪ J. Lokemoen

Forest and Range Research ▪ Staff

An Economic Analysis of Recycling ▪ Staff

Biota Of Lake Mead: Annotated Checklist And Bibliography, Wesley E. Niles, Charles L. Douglas, National Park Service

Publications (WR)

In 1935 construction was completed on the Bureau of Reclamation's Hoover Dam, located near the bend of the historic Colorado River. Rising 726 feet within the rugged walls of Black Canyon, the structure is still recognized today as the highest concrete dam in the western hemisphere. Impoundment of water above Hoover Dam created Lake Mead, some 110 miles long, having a shoreline of 84 miles when the lake is at its maximum elevation of 1229 feet - this country's largest man-made reservoir. Below the dam, in Black Canyon and southward, the wild aspect of the Colorado River was altered by …

Characterization Of A Historically Nutrient Enriched Marsh Ecosystem : Yorktown Creek, Yorktown, Virginia, R. L. Wetzel, M. S. Kowalski, W. M. Rizzo, A. Thompson, K. L. Webb

Reports

In this report, we summarize our initial findings of a nutrient enriched aquatic ecosystem prior to relaxation of sewage input. The studies reported were directed toward characterizing the system prior to relaxation and to begin 􀌣xperimental studies to accomplish our general objectives.

Application Of Numerical Classification In Ecological Investigations Of Water Pollution, Donald F. Boesch

Reports

No abstract provided.

Natural Areas Preservation In Arkansas, Mina Austin Marsh

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Environmental Effects Of James River Sewage Treatment Plant Outfall Construction, Dexter S. Haven, Paul C. Kendall, Robert J. Diaz, Donald F. Boesch, Michael E. Bender

Reports

In the spring of 1975 the Institute began a program to determine whether significant environmental changes would occur in the area of the new James River Plant outfall that might be related to its construction and/or initial operation. Parameters measured in the study were benthic animal and oyster populations, coliform levels and chlorine residuals. The primary emphasis of the study centered on the estimation of the impact of the construction activity on shellfish beds in the area. The results of the investigation are presented in three segments, the first dealing with shellfish populations, the second with other benthic animals and …

Petroleum Hydrocarbons From Effluents: Detection In Marine Environment, John T. Tanacredi Ph.D.

Faculty Works: CERCOM (1977-2016)

The marine environment has become the primary disposa ground for an increasing quantity of petroleum wastes. Mushrooming demands for petroleum products and the lack of economic incentive to recycle waste oil will increase the concentrations of detrimental petroleum hydrocarbons in the marine environment

Although a continuous, low-level discharge of waste petroleum hydrocarbons into the marine environment may not be as dramatic as a major oil spill, the consequences could be more devastating over an extended period. As noted by Blumer, earlier interpretations of the environmental effects of oil must not be reevaluated in the light of recent evidence of its …

Water Current, Volume 9, No. 1, January/February 1977

Water Current Newsletter

Nebraska Water Resources Center Annual Report
Interdisciplinary Water Resources Seminar
Water Research in Nebraska
OWRT Seeks Applications for One-Year Appointment as Researcy Scholar
Carter Transition Team Blasts BUREC, Corps
Interstate Conference Wants WRC Directly Under President
National Water Information Network Opens Local Centers
Research Review: Pollution of Irrigation Reuse Water by Plant Pathogens

Poria Incrassata In Giant Sequoia, Douglas D. Piirto, John R. Parmeter, W. Wayne Wilcox

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Hydroelectric Project : Summary Of Water Quality Factors, New England Division, U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

The prediction of future water quality conditions in and downstream from a proposed impoundment is dependent upon a myriad of physical, chemical and biological phenomena. It is known from limnology (science of lakes) that all physicochemical and biological functions are greatly controlled or influenced by lake hydro-dynamics, lake thermodynamics, and the quality of inflowing water.