Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Test Sites For Farm Dams, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A short article outlining procedures for testing potential dam sites.

The Role Of Sediments In The Storage, Movement And Biological Uptake Of Kepone In Estuarine Environments : Annual Report To The Environmental Protection Agency For The Period 10/20/76 To 10/20/77, Robert Huggett

Reports

Included in this document are three sections which describe the efforts of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science's staff on the Role of Sediments in the Storage, Movement,and Biological Uptake of Kepone in Estuarine Environments.

The first section is entitled: "Kepone in James River Sediment," by Maynard M. Nichols and Richard C. Trotman. The second, "Kepone Water-Sediment Elutriates," by Robert J. Huggett and the third, ''Uptake of Kepone From Suspended Sediments by Oysters, Rangia and Macoma," is by Dexter S. Haven and Reinaldo Morales-Alamo.

Also attached is a progress report on the EPA funded James River Hydrographical Survey Study which …

The Effects Of Environmental Variables On The Heart Rate Of Invertebrates, Peter L. Defur

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Petroleum Hydrocarbons On Salt Marsh Communities, Carleton H. Hershner Jr.

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

This dissertation is from the Joint Program Degree from the College of William & Mary and University of Virginia and awarded by the University of Virginia.

The effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on salt marsh grasses and gastropods were examined under three different circumstances. In the first study reported, a small pocket marsh was repeatedly dosed with small amounts of a No. 2 fuel oil. The second study investigated the effects of a large accidental spill of No. 6 fuel oil. The third study involved single doses of a fresh and a weathered crude oil on artificially enclosed segments of marsh.

Ecological Effects Of Highways On Coastal Wetlands, Atlantic Coast Region, John D. Boon, George M. Dawes

Reports

A literature review of past and on-going research and activities of the principal investigators is the basis for evaluating environmental effects of highways in wetlands. Values of wetl8,$1ds are discussed briefly. Physical. biological and chemical impacts are associated with highway construction. operation and maintenance. Environmental impacts are scaled in terms of magnitude and duration and mitigating measures are identified. The foregoing are summarized in matrices. The report further identifies further research which is needed to design highway projects with environmental aspects in mind.

A Review And Case Study Of The Effect Of Urbanisation On Streamflow, R.F. Fraser

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

No abstract provided.

Optimizing Crop Production Through Control Of Water And Salinity Levels In The Soil, J. I. Stewart, R. M. Hagan, W. O. Pruitt, R. E. Danielson, W. T. Franklin, R. J. Hanks, J. P. Riley, E. B. Jackson

Reports

Sizable investments have been made and continue to be made throughout the world to develop irrigation potentials. Recent food shortages have heightened the concern for obtaining greater returns to irrigation through improved water management and use. A knowledge of how plant growth cycles relate to moisture and salinity levels in the root zone is prerequisite to developing practical ways of maintaining optimum conditions for maximum production per unit of water concerned. This research further defines the role of irrigation timing and salinity management on crop production, and proposes practical techniques for predicting the crop response to management measures. Some of …

Proceedings Of The Utah Water Pollution Control Association Annual Meeting 1977, James H. Reynolds, Donna H. Falkenborg

Reports

Preface: This volume is the first published proceeding of the Utah Water Pollution Associations Annual Meeting. The Technical Program of the Annual Meeting was divided into five separate sessions. The program was developed to attract individuals concerned with management, design and operation of wastewater treatment facilities. Special emphsis was given to the design and operation of wastewater filtration devices. Unfortunately, four papers are not included in the proceedings because the authors failed to meet the submission deadline. These papers are (1) "Utah Discharge Requirements" by Calvin Sudweeks, (2) "Chlorine, Califorms, 1977 Standards and you" by Robert A. Sperling, (3) "Panel …

Performance Evaluation Of An Existing Seven Cell Lagoon System, James H. Reynolds, Ralph E. Swiss, Christine A. Macko, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

No abstract provided.

Water Flow Patterns In Heterogeneous Soils Under Trickle Irrigation, Abdolhossien Nassehzadeh-Tabrizi, Roland W. Jeppson, Lyman S. Willardson

Reports

No abstract provided.

The Virgin River Basin Study: A Regional Approach To Multiobjective Planning For Water And Related Resources, John E. Keith, Jim Mulder, Trevor C. Hughes, V. A. Narasimhan, Lance Rovig, Karl Eriksen, Don D. Fowler, Lucinda Borchard, Kirk Kimball, Spence Ballard, K. S. Turna, Daniel H. Hoggan

Reports

A joint research effort by the Utah Water Research Laboratory and the Nevado Center for Water Resources Research applied two multiobjective planning models to the Virgin River Basin in order to test the efficiency and practicality of applying such tools in water resrouces planning. The surrogate Worth Trade-off (SWT) method couples mathematical optimization to quantify trade offs among noncommensurable objectives with interviews to compare public preferences with respect to these trade offs. PROPDEMM uses information on interest group objectives, balues, willingness to pay, influence, lebel of information, etc. to compare the political feasibility of alternative courses of action. Both models …

A Model Of Environmental Transport Of Heavy Metals Originating From Stack Derived Particulate Emission In Semi-Arid Regions, J. J. Jurinak, William J. Grenney, Gene L. Wooldridge, J. Paul Riley, R. J. Wagenet

Reports

Executive Summary:

Proposal To Technology Transfer Office Of Water Research And Technology U.S. Department Of Interior, C. Earl Israelsen, Frank W. Haws, Donna H. Falkenborg, L. Douglas James

Reports

Executive Summary:

Rural Domestic Water System Peak Flows And Design Innovations, Optimal Water Planning Series, Trevor C. Hughes, Yukio Kono, Ronald Canfield

Reports

Planning engineers commonly use generous factors of safety for peak flow estimates in urban water supply systems both as a hedge against unforeseen growth and because economies of scale result in relatively low user costs even with such reserve capacity. Transplanting of such design criteria into the rural setting, however, simply does not work. The low density portions of rural domestic systems require very realistic design criteria or the construction costs become infeasible for the small number of customers involved. Peak instantaneous flow rates in a Utah rural system were measured continuously during two summers on three dead-end lines serving …

Climatology Of Hailstorms In Utah--The Hail Suppression Potential By Cloud Seeding, Kenneth G. Hubbard

Reports

Hail damage in Utah was examined for individual counties and the entire state. A survey of informal observes was taken and the resulting data base was analyzed. Data from NWS was also examined. County hail damage figures average 4 to 5 percent of production and ranking of counties according to dollar damage occurs in only 4 of the 29 counties (Box Elder, Utah, Millard, and Cache). In many cases the highest dollar damage occurred in the counties of greatest dollar damage should receive the greatest concentration of hail suppression effort. In addition storm severity and crop growth stage were identified …

Weather Modification Studies: The Potential For Creating And Utilizing Ice Crystals In Weather Modification Activities, Kenneth G. Hubbard

Reports

A method utilizing ice crystals to circumvent nucleation processes in cloud seeding activities is discussed in the framework of nuclei activation concepts. Ice, in the form of small crystals, would be a highly efficient cloud seeding materia up to 0 degrees Celsius. The lower limit on humidity would necessitate dispensing the crystals into air that is saturated with respect to ice but no requirement for 100 percent RH(relative humidity) was found. In fact, the lower limit varies with temperature linearly from about 95 percent RH at -5 degrees Celsius to 75 percent RH at -30 degrees Celsius. Preparation of small …

State Financing Alternatives For Water Projects Required To Support Energy Development In The Western Energy Development Area, Daniel H. Hoggan, Kirk R. Kimball, Edward H. Allen, Jay M. Bagley, Richard L. Dewsnup, Herbert H. Fullerton

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Feasibility Of State Water User Fees For Financing Water Development, Daniel H. Hoggan, O. W. Asplund, J. C. Anderson, D. G. Houston

Reports

Water user fees imposed by a state on major water uses is a possible new alternative source of state water development funds. A fee, similar to an excise tax, might be charged for the use of the water resource per se, which in a number of states is declared to be the property of the public of the state. States generally have not employed such fees as a source of operating funds for water agencies or of development capital. Only in the area of water based recreation-fishing, coating, camping, etc.—have states extensively employed user fees. The revenues from these fees, …

Evaluation Of Southern And Central Utah Cloud Seeding Program, Geoffrey E. Hill

Reports

An evaluation of a winter operational-type cloud seeding project in Utah is made by developing meteorological predictors of target precipitation. Twenty-four hour precipitation amounts in seven unseeded years are matched with 12:00 GMT rawinsonde data to form predictor-predictand relationships. Application of the predictors to the first two years of the project indicates that the observed seeded precipitation is about what would be found in the absence of seeding.

Seedability Of Winter Orographic Storms In Utah, Geoffrey E. Hill

Reports

The primary objective of this research has been to collect and analyze data from (randomized) seeded and unseeded winter storms over the Wasatch Mountains for the purpose of developing and designing cloud seeding technology. Two field programs were conducted sequentially; the first was done by airborne seeding and the second by seeding from mountaintop generators. Analysis of precipitation estimators based upon radar and/or rawinsonde data and target precipitation show that increased precipitation due to seeding may occur under certain meteorological conditions. Favorable conditions were found when the supercooled water concentration as measured by aircraft icing rates was high. Precipitation in …

Series Intermittent Sand Filtration Of Wastewater Lagoon Effluents, David W. Hill, J. H. Reynolds, D. S. Filip, E. J. Middlebrooks

Reports

Previous researches have found single stage intermittent sand filtration to be a feasible and economic means of upgrading wastewater lagoon effluent to meet future standards. However the major constraint on their use has been the length of the filter runs. Laboratory scale and pilot-scale series intermittent sand filtration of wastewater lagoon effluents has been found to substantially increase the length of filter runs as well as produce a high quality effluent able to meet future standards. Higher loading rates were round to be possible with series intermittent sand filtration. The operation consistently produced an effluent meeting present Utah “Class C” …

Runoff Estimates For Small Rural Watersheds And Development Of A Sound Design Method. Volume Ii, Recommendations For Preparing Design Manuals And Appendices B, C, D, E, F, G, & H, Joel E. Fletcher, A. Leon Huber, Frank W. Haws, Calvin G. Clyde

Reports

Frequency analyses of more than 1,000 small watersheds in the United States and Puerto Rico were used to develop the estimation method for design of peak flow for ungaged watersheds. This method, called the Federal highway Administration (FHWA) method, is conceptually similar to the Bureau of Public Roads (BRP) method developed by W. D. Potter. The FHWA method relates the runoff peak to easily determined hydrophysiographic parameters and is intended for use on watersheds smaller than 50 square miles. The concept of risk is incorporated inot the design procedure. The risk is the probability that one or more events will …

Runoff Estimates For Small Rural Watersheds And Development Of A Sound Design Method: Volume I. Research Report, Joel E. Fletcher, A. Leon Huber, Frank W. Haws, Calvin G. Clyde

Reports

Foreword: This report is composed of thee volumes; Volume I is the Research Report; Volume II consists of recommendations for establishing design manuals and Appendices B, C, D, E, F, G, and H, which are the design aids required for establishing design manuals; Volume III consists of Appendix A, and accumulation of the data base used in the study, FHWA chose to arrange the report as described to facilitate distribution of the results. The methods reported herein are designated as the Federal Highway Administration Methods are designed to be applied to watersheds smaller than 50 square miles but may be …

Runoff Estimates For Small Rural Watersheds And Development Of A Sound Design Method: Volume Iii. Appendix A, Joel E. Fletcher, A. Leon Huber, Frank W. Haws, Calvin G. Clyde

Reports

Foreword: This report is composed of thee volumes; Volume I is the Research Report; Volume II consists of recommendations for establishing design manuals and Appendices B, C, D, E, F, G, and H, which are the design aids required for establishing design manuals; Volume III consists of Appendix A, and accumulation of the data base used in the study, FHWA chose to arrange the report as described to facilitate distribution of the results. The methods reported herein are designated as the Federal Highway Administration Methods are designed to be applied to watersheds smaller than 50 square miles but may be …

Mixed Integer Programming Models For Water Resources Management, Brad A. Finney, William J. Grenney, A. Bruce Bishop, Trevor C. Hughes

Reports

A regional water quality control model is developed by linking a steady-state water quality simulation model with an optimization model. The water quality simulation model can be applied to complex river systems with both point and nonpoint loads using multiple interdependent pollution parameters described by either linear or nonlinear equations. Twelve water quality parameters can be modeled simultaneously: four non conservative constituents (or conservative constituents if the decay rate is set equal to zero); coliform bacteria (MPN); phosphorus; biochemical oxygen demand (BOD); ammonia (NH3); nitrate (NO3); dissolved oxygen (DO); temperature (°C); and algae. The water quality model is used to …

Effects Of Soil Heterogeneity On One-Dimensional Infiltration, Charles Courette, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

A parameter study for heterogeneous infiltration was performed employing a one-dimensional computer program. Soil heterogeneity was defined by linear variations of soil parameters. From the solutions obtained, the instantaneous and accumulative infiltration rates were correlated versus the rate in which the parameters varied in the soil profile. The end result being coaxial graphs from which a relative infiltration rate may be obtained by inputting time and the rates of change of various soil parameters.

1976 Water Quality Hillsborough County, Florida, R. G. Wilkins

Reports

The Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Ac t charges the Environmental Prote ction Commission with the function of establishing, operating and maintaining a continuous program for monitoring water pollution. A county-wide water quality surveillance network has been designed to provide accurate data and information as t o whether the requirements of the Act are being complied with and whether the level of water pollution is increasing or decreasing throughout the county.

This broad base of water data obtained during 1972-1976 provides useful background data for eventual development, revision and enforcement of regulations, standard effluent limitation plans, or programs established under the …

A Stream Survey Of Riley Creek, Coles County, Illinois, Using Macroinvertebrates As Indicators Of Organic Pollution, Joseph R. Rowe

Masters Theses

A stream survey of Riley Creek in Coles County Illinois, was undertaken to determine ecological trends and the qualitative status of the aquatic community throughout the course of the stream.

The survey encompassed the entire length of Riley Creek from the area of its status as an intermittant waterway to its confluence with Cassel Creek. Sampling periods included the months of April, May, June, July, October and November.

Macroinvertebrate collections were made at six locations along the stream approximately equidistant from each other. The organisms were assigned tolerance levels as designated by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency.

Physical and chemical …

Estimation Theory Applied To River Water Quality Modeling, David S. Bowles, William J. Grenney, J. Paul Riley

Reports

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to represent BOD, DO, and nitrogen cycling in a 36.4 miles (58.6 km) stretch in the Jordan River, Utah, under the assumption of steady-state conditions. Approximate minimum variance estimates of the water quality parameters are provided by the EKF filter. These estimates are obtained through a combination of two independent estimates of the state of the river water quality system: (1) predictions of the system state from a "phenomenologically meaningful" process model of the biochemical and stream transport processes; and (2) measurements of the water quality parameters. These two estimates are combined by …

Upgrading Aerated Lagoon Effluent With Intermittent Sand Filtration, Richard P. Bishop, James H. Reynolds, Daniel S. Filip, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

Intermittent sand filtration was evaluated as a means of upgrading the quality of aerated lagoon effluents to satisfy the requirements of PL 92-500. The aerated lagoon in question treats the wastes from a milk and cheese factory located in northern Utah. The treatment system consists of two diffused air aeration ponds followed by a facultative settling pond, were applied to pilot scale intermittent sand filters with 0.17 mm and 0.40 mm effective size sands. The filters were loaded hydraulically from 0.25 million gallons per acre per day to 1.0 million gallons per acre per day. It was found that sand …