Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Design, Construction, And Monitoring Of The Ground-Water Resources Of A Large Mine-Spoil Area: Star Fire Tract, Eastern Kentucky, David R. Wunsch, James S. Dinger, Page B. Taylor

Report of Investigations--KGS

By the year 2010, the Star Fire mining operation in Knott, Breathitt, and Perry Counties in eastern Kentucky, which uses mountaintop-removal and hollow-fill mining techniques, will have created approximately 5,000 acres of gently rolling terrain that could support alternative land uses. The present research is centered on approximately 1,000 acres of spoil created since mining began in 1981. An aquifer fed by both ground and surface water will be created within the spoil. Spoil-handling techniques such as cast blasting, dragline placement, end dumping by trucks, and surface grading have created porous coarse-rock zones within the spoil through which ground water …

Geology And Stratigraphy Of The Western Kentucky Coal Field, Stephen F. Greb, David A. Williams, Allen D. Williamson

Bulletin--KGS

The Pennsylvanian rocks of the Western Kentucky Coal Field produce between 40 and 55 million tons of coal a year from as many as 45 coal seams; however, three seams produce more than 75 percent of the total. In addition, Pennsylvanian strata contain numerous oil and natural gas reservoirs, tar-sand reservoirs, and industrial minerals. Pennsylvanian sandstones are also some of the most important bedrock aquifers in the coal field. Because of the economic importance of the Pennsylvanian strata to the region and the Commonwealth as a whole, a better understanding of these rocks is needed. This description of the nomenclature …

Sr-Isotope Record Of Quaternary Marine Terraces On The California Coast And Off Hawaii, Kenneth R. Ludwig, Daniel R. Muhs, Kathleen R. Simmons, James G. Moore

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Strontium-isotopic ratios of dated corals have been obtained from submerged reefs formed during Quaternary glacial periods off the Hawaiian islands. These data, combined with data from deep-sea sediments, tightly constrain the secular variation of marine ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr for the past 800,000 yr. Although long-term trends are apparent, no significant (>0.02‰), rapid (<100,000 yr) excursions in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr were resolved nor did we observe any samples with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr greater than that of modern seawater. Strontium in mollusks from elevated marine terraces formed during interglacial periods on the southern California coast show resolvable and consistent variations in …

Aminostratigraphy And Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy Of Marine Terrace Deposits Palos Verdes Hills And San Pedro Areas Los Angeles County California, Daniel R. Muhs, Gifford H. Miller, Joseph F. Whelean, George L. Kennedy

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Amino acid and oxygen isotope data for fossils from terraces of the Palos Verdes Hills and San Pedro areas in Los Angeles County California shed new light on the ages of terraces sea level history marine paleotemperatures and late Quaternary tectonics in this region Low terraces on the Palos Verdes peninsula correlate with the 80 ka and 125 ka sea level highstands that are also recorded as terraces on other coasts In San Pedro the Palos Verdes sand the deposit on what is mapped as the first terrace by Woodring and others 1946 was previously thought to be a single …

The Last Interglacial-Glacial Transition In North America: Evidence From Uranium-Series Dating Of Coastal Deposits, Daniel R. Muhs

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Considerable uncertainty exists as to whether the last interglacial was relatively "short" (~10 ka) or "long" (-20-60 ka), although most investigators generally agree that the last interglacial correlates with all or part of deep-sea oxygen-isotope stage 5. A compilation of reliable U-series ages of marine terrace corals from deposits that have been correlated with isotope stage 5 indicates that there were three relatively high sea-level stands at ca 125-120 ka, ca. 105 ka, and ca. 85-80 ka, and these ages agree with the times of high sea level predicted by the Milankovitch orbital-forcing theory. At a number of localities, however, …

Regional Significance Of The Tonga Formation, North Cascades, Washington, Kathleen (Kathleen Maura) Duggan

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Tonga Formation of the North Cascades, Washington, is spatially situated between rocks of the crystalline core and those of the Northwest Cascades System. Its affinity to one or the other, or both, of these flanking units has been uncertain but is of importance to orogenic models for the region.

The Tonga Formation consists of weakly-deformed bedded feldspathic graywackes and shale metamorphosed at chlorite to staurolite grade. Comparison of protolith lithologic assemblage and Rb/Sr isotopic signature in addition to plutonic, metamorphic, and deformational histories suggests that the Tonga Formation is correlative with the Chiwaukum Schist and is not equivalent to …

Geologic Highway Cross Sections: Interstate Highway 64 Farmers To Catlettsburg, Kentucky, Donald R. Chesnut Jr.

Map and Chart--KGS

Highway roadcuts along Interstate Highway 64 from Farmers to Catlettsburg, Kentucky, provide scientifically significant exposures of rocks of Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian ages in northeastern Kentucky. The roadcut exposures offer easy access to a variety of stratigraphic units and are ideal for educational field trips. However, Kentucky law prohibits vehicles from stopping on the shoulders of limited- access highways except in case of emergency, so any planned field trips must be coordinated with State authorities. Several national and international field trips, as well as many out-of-State university field trips, have examined these exposures. In addition, scientific studies involving carbonate sedimentology, …

Central Atlantic Coastal Plain - A Summary Of The Geological Evolution Of Chesapeake Bay, Eastern United States, Steven M. Colman, Jeffrey P. Halka, C. Hobbs

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The seaward margin of the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain has fluctuated through time, from near the Fall Line to near the edge of the present Outer Continental Shelf, owing to changes in relative sea level. The strata that underlie the Coastal Plain were deposited in environments that ranged from fully terrestrial to fully marine. Estuarine environments are critical components of the Coastal Plain; they represent the interface, otherwise known as the shoreline, between the marine and terrestrial depositional systems. The Quaternary evolution of estuaries has important implications for both documenting the history of sea-level changes and interpreting ancient coastal-plain strata. …

Petrology Of The High-Alumina Hoosac Schist From The Chloritoid+Garnet Through The Kyanite+Biotite Zones In Western Massachusetts, John T. Cheney, John B. Brady

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

The eastern limb of the Berkshire anticlinorium of western Massachusetts (Figure 1) is a complex, multiplydeformed, polymetamorphic, Taconian/Acadian orogenic terrane. The geologic framework of this area is well established, originally by the mapping of B.K. Emerson (1892, 1898, 1899) and Pumpelly et al. (1894), as summarized on the Massachusetts geologic map of Emerson (1917), and more recently by the mapping of L.M. Hall, N.L. Hatch, S.A. Norton, P.H. Osberg, N.M. Ratcliffe, and R.S. Stanley, as summarized on the Massachusetts geologic map of Zen et al. (1983). The summary reports of USGS Professional Paper 1366 in 1988 as well as the …

Marine Sediment Classification Using The Chirp Sonar, Lester R. Leblanc, Larry A. Mayer, Manuel Rufino, Steven G. Schock, John King

Affiliate Scholarship

The chirpsonar is a calibrated wideband digital FMsonar that provides quantitative, high‐resolution, low‐noise subbottom data. In addition, it generates an acoustic pulse with special frequency domain weighting that provides nearly constant resolution with depth. The chirpsonar was developed with the objective of remote acoustic classification of seafloor sediments. In addition to producing high‐resolution images, the calibrated digitally recorded data are processed to estimate surficial reflection coefficients as well as a complete sediment acoustic impulse profile. In this paper, surficial sediments in Narragansett Bay, RI are used to provide ground truth for an acoustic model. Quantitative acoustic returns from the chirpsonar …

Seabeam And Seismic Reflection Surveys On The Ontong Java Plateau, Larry A. Mayer, Tom H. Shipley, Edward L. Winterer, David Mosher, Rick A. Hagen

Affiliate Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Stratigraphic And Structural Framework Of The Carboniferous Rocks Of The Central Appalachian Basin In Kentucky, Donald R. Chesnut Jr.

Bulletin--KGS

A series of seven cross sections across the Central Appalachian Basin in Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Ohio was constructed in order to determine a stratigraphic and structural framework of the Carboniferous rocks for the basin. Oil and gas well logs, coal-company core descriptions, measured sections, and mapping of surface geology were used to construct these sections. New surface and subsurface faults, folds, and flexures were identified.

New, formal and informal lithostratigraphic nomenclature was introduced to clarify the stratigraphic framework. Formalized nomenclatural changes are (1) elevating Breathitt Formation to Breathitt Group, (2) dropping the Lee Formation, (3) elevating four …

Boulder Streams, Debris Fans, And Pleistocene Climate Change In The Blue Ridge Mountains Of Central Virginia, G. Richard Whittecar, Derek W. Ryter

OES Faculty Publications

The west slope of the Blue Ridge mountains in central Virginia is a polygenetic landscape containing interglacial and periglacial features. This paper proposes a general model relating the distribution and origin of hillslope and toeslope Quaternary landforms to climatically influenced geomorphic processes. Two generations of interglacial debris fans in the study area differ in their degree of soil development and clast weathering. Boulder streams, which clog debris flow chutes for the upper debris fans, are interpreted as solifluction features formed during successive periglacial episodes. Growth of the boulder streams and associated talus slopes can influence the magnitude and frequency of …

Desorption Hysteresis In Five Ion Exchanged Montmorillonites, Jerry Paul Fairley

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

It is generally believed that the formation of recalcitrant (slowly desorbing) fractions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soils is due to diffusion of compounds to sorption sites inaccessible to bulk fluid. The exact nature of these sites, however, is not well understood. In clay minerals, researchers favor two probable areas for the storage of persistent contamination; sites between the clay lamella, or sites with clay particle aggregates.

To test the hypothesis that recalcitrant fractions are formed in interlamellar spaces, a Na/Ca Montmorillonite (Smectite) was ion exchanged with five different cations (K⁺, Na⁺, Ca⁺, …

The Sedimentology, Petrology, And Tectonic Significance Of The Middle Eocene Flattery Breccia, Lyre Formation, Northwestern Olympic Peninsula, Washington, Alice Benkovich Shilhanek

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Flattery breccia, an informally designated unit within the middle Eocene Lyre Formation, consists of sedimentary breccia and conglomerate exposed at Cape Flattery, located at the northwestern point of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. The Flattery breccia was deposited during the late Narizian, approximately 44 to 42 Ma.

The boulder- through sand-size detritus of the Flattery breccia and western Lyre Formation, which changes in texture along strike, were deposited by sediment- gravity flows, such as surging high-density turbidity currents and sandy debris flows. Interfingering alluvial fan-deltas, interfingering lobes of coarse detritus on a submarine fan, or resedimented wedges of coarse-grained detritus …

An Investigation Of The Late Pleistocene Paleochannel Systems In The Continental Shelf, South Of Chesapeake Bay Mouth, Ziqiang Chen

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Nebraska Mineral Operations Review, 1991, R. R. Burchett, Duane A. Eversoll

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Resource Notes-Academic Year 1991-92

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Resource News-March/April 1992

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Resource News-May/June 1992

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Resource News-July/August 1992

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Resource News-January/February 1992

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Mineral Resource Map Of Nebraska, R. R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Geologic Bedrock Map Of Nebraska, R. R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Description Of Rocks From A Core Drilled At A Potential Low-Low Level Radioactive Waste Site In Nemaha County, R. R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Solid Waste Management In Seismic Impact Zones, Raymond R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Groundwater Levels In Nebraska, 1991, Gregory V. Steele, Perry B. Wigley

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Dixon County Test Hole Logs, Raymond R. Burchett, Frank A. Smith

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Greeley County Test Hole Logs, Raymond R. Burchett, Frank A. Smith

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Nance County Test Hole Logs, Raymond R. Burchett, Frank A. Smith

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.