Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Bioeconomic Model Of The Middle Atlantic Surf Clam (Spisula Solidissima) Fishery, Thomas M. Armitage

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A bioeconomic simulation model of the middle Atlantic surf clam (Spisula solidissima) fishery has been developed from a survey of biological and econometric relationships. While identifying the biological input parameters available in the literature, the economic submodel of the fishery has been developed with price and landings time series data, and with data obtained through the use of survey questionnaires and interviews with surf clam fishermen and processors. Alternative management scenarios in the fishery have been evaluated from industry costs in both the harvesting and processing sectors and analysis of the demand for raw product confronting surf clam fishermen. Multiple …

Comparison Of Daily Growth Rates Of The Mummichog, Fundulus Heteroclitus In Habitats Of Different Salinity Regimes, James G. Hoff

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Macrobenthic Community Structure At The Entrance To The Chesapeake Bay, Roberto Javier Llansa

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Quantitative Analysis Of Acrylon[I]Trile In Ambient Air, Roberta Ambrose Hurley

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Achievements Of Soviet Scientists In Investigations Of The Helminthofauna Of Marine Animals Of The World Ocean, S. L. Delamure, A. S. Skriabin

Reports

During the last 40 yr (1940 to 1980), Soviet helminthologists have examined about 9,680 specimens of marine mammals In the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, using uniform or standard methods In most cases. As a result, 20 new species of trematodes [digeneids], 19 cestodes, 9 acanthocephalans, and 23 nematodes have been described. Also several new supraspecific taxa have been established. Systematic revisions of Campuidae, Tetrabothriidae, Pseudallidae, and Anisakidae have been undertaken. The morphology, adaptation of helminths to their environments and to the host's mode of life, Infection rates and characteristics, and the seasonal and age dynamics of the helmlnthofauna have been …

Effect Of Temperature And Dissolved Oxygen On Sediment-Water Nutrient Flux, C. F. Cerco

Reports

A series of experiments was conducted in order to determine the influence of water-column temperature and dissolved oxygen on sediment-water nutrient flux. Three nutrients were considered: ammoniurn nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ortho phosphorus. Results of the experiments indicated that nutrient concentration in the overlying water had to be considered, as well as temperature and dissolved oxygen, as an independent variable which affected sediment-water nutrient flux.

Operation Manual For The Vims Combined Hydrodynamic-Ecosystem Model (Hem), Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Since about 1970, VIMS has been developing water quality simulation models for the Virginia State Water Control Board under the Cooperative State Agencies (CSA) agreement. Under this agreement, VIMS has conducted field programs and developed and validated a number of water quality models. In order to make this accumulated experience available to the State Water Control Board and others, VIMS has prepared a users' manual and sample cases for the combined hydrodynamic-ecosystem model (HEM).

Benthic Diatom Community Dynamics In The Colorado River: Interactive Effects Of Periodic Dessication And Current Regime, Christopher Gerard Peterson

Publications (WR)

The response to periodic desiccation of periphyton communities developed in eddy environments or in areas exposed to variable, direct current was examined. Algal communities were incubated on clay tiles for between 2 and 12 weeks in the Colorado River, directly below Hoover Dam from October, 1983 - January, 1984. Mean daily discharge from the dam decreased over this period. To assess the influence of these discharge changes on community dynamics, samples collected over the first 12 weeks of the investigation were compared to samples of the same age collected over the final 8 weeks.

The small diatom taxon Achnahthes spp …

A Proposal To Fertilize The Overton Arm And Gregg Basin Areas Of Lake Mead, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

Several limnological studies have been conducted in Lake Mead during the past decade. The recent studies clearly show that most of Lake Mead is deficient in nutrients, especially phosphorus, and very low in productivity. The reservoir-wide average total phosphorus concentration for 1981 - 1982 was only 9 mg/m³. This is below levels found In most oligotrophic lakes and reservoirs. Algal biomass, as measured by chlorophyll-a, averaged only 1.5 mg/m³. That also places Lake Mead in the oligotrophic range. Transparency, as measured by a Secchi disc, averaged 9-5 m in Lake Mead during 1981-1982. That far exceeds …

J. P. Finley: The First Severe Storms Forecaster, Joseph G. Galway

NOAA Technical Reports and Related Materials

During the 19th century, while others were debating about the theory and morphology of tornadoes, Finley set out to prove that tornadoes, like other weather phenomena, could be forecast. He developed forecast rules and made experimental forecasts. His forecasting and analysis activities made him the center of controversy during most of his professional life and led to open debate in the literature, but he set precedents in meteorological forecasting that are still valid today. His career as a meteorologist started while he was a private in the United States Army. His interest continued even when he had achieved the rank …

Numerical Experiments With The Quasigeostrophic Potential-Vorticity Equation, Peter L. Spence

OES Theses and Dissertations

A method is developed to model the circulation of a barotropic, 8-plane ocean under an imposed steady wind stress. The model includes the effect of both horizontal and vertical friction along with nonlinear advection of vorticity. Implementing the method involves solving the unsteady quasigeostrophic potential-vorticity equation using a compact finite difference scheme (Gatski, Grosch, and Rose, 1982).

Once developed, this model is used in four separate numerical experiments. In each experiment, a model ocean with an initial flow field is driven to a steady state solution. Vertical viscosity is held constant in the first three experiments while lateral viscosity is …

The Effects Of X-Irradiation On The Metamorphosis And Budding Of Aurelia Aurita, Michael John Prokopchak

OES Theses and Dissertations

With the aid of the Aurelia Metamorphosis Test System, the acute or subtle morphological and behavioral effects of irradiation on the Norfolk Aurelia aurita were described and the sensitivity to X-irradiation of those organisms receiving thyroxine and those not receiving thyroxine was compared. Levels of radiation were 0 (control), 5,000, 10,000, 15,000, 20,000 and 40,000 rads. Morphology of the ephyrae, statolith and rhopalia numbers were recorded using the light microscope, Developmental abnormalities of the scyphistomae and ephyrae were recorded with the scanning electron microscope and light microscope. Two major findings from this investigation were the absence of rhopalia and statoliths …

Studies Of Effectiveness Of Commercial Home Treatment Systems, William W. Trigg, Raymond D. Couser

Technical Reports

Eleven home water systems were tested representing six different types of filtering systems. Tests were made for Sulfates, Nitrates, Phosphate, Iron and Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes before and after passing through a home treatment system. All of the systems removed iron adequately but had little effect on the removal of nitrates, phosphates, sulfates or control of pH. Since none of the ground waters was contaminated by coli- forms, nothing was established regarding the effectiveness of bacterial removal by these systems.

Use Of Microcomputers To Aid Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, David G. Parker, Sandra C. Parker

Technical Reports

This report presents the development of a microcomputer based data management system for wastewater treatment plants. The relational database model was shown to be well suited for data management applications in wastewater treatment plants. A general data management system was developed for use with a microcomputer using a commercially available relational database management system. Use of the developed system requires no special computer training. The system was tailored for use at the wastewater treatment plant at Springdale, Arkansas. The capabilities of the system were demonstrated with actual data from the Springdale plant.

Wetlands Forest Communities As Indicators Of Flooding Potential In Backwater Areas Of River Bottomlands, Edward E. Dale Jr.

Technical Reports

A phytosociological study was made of forest types that occur in backwater and river bottomlands of the Gulf Coastal Plain, Arkansas Valley, and Mississippi Delta Regions of Arkansas. Twenty different forest types dominated principally by a single species were identified and described. Their occurrence was then correlated with flooding conditions in their habitats and the types were arranged along decreasing moisture gradients. Those forest types tolerant of flooding or saturated soils between three months to a year or more are Taxodium distichum, Nyssa aquatica, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Salix nigra, and Planera aquatica types. Those tolerant from one to three months are …

The Phillipine Extended Jurisdiction: Its Cost And Benefits To Fishery Industry, Ricardo R. Federizon

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Philippines is one of the countries that has its significant relations to fisheries economically and culturally. The coastal waters of the Philippines support over a million fishermen whose only source of income is fishing that does not go far off-shore. Due to population pressure and increased demand for fish as a basic food supply and as a source of foreign revenue income, more and more fishermen fish at the waters that carry a limited resource. As a result, overfishing persists that has a social and economic implication. Conflicts arise among the fishermen. Management measures are not implemented successfully because …

Factors Affecting The Removal Of Suspended And Dissolved Solids In High Strength Wastewater From Vegetable Processing, William A. Sistrunk

Technical Reports

Fifty or more individual factorial experiments were designed to study the effectiveness of physical-chemical and micro-biological treatments in removal of suspended and dissolved solids in effluent from potatoes, hominy, dry beans and other vegetables. The wastewaters were obtained from local processing plants and treated with 3 to 5 inorganic salts, 13 polymers, and 3 or more pH levels during 12 months. Also, selected strains of yeast and fungi were used to assimilate the effluent. Individual inorganic salts were more effective on a certain vegetable effluent than others. Polymers (anionic and cationic) were more effective in coagulating suspended solids in combination …

Water Management Simulator Presentations, Leslie E. Mack

Technical Reports

One of the larger stumbling blocks to comprehensive water management is the lack of public understanding of the multitude of variables that operate at the same time within the hydrologic cycle. With more public understanding, there is greater public support for various water projects. Dr. John R. Amend from Montana State University developed a water management simulator which could handle a large number of variables simultaneously of natural surface and groundwater flow plus a number of water use variables on an accelerated time sequence. By using several remote control devices, participants can "control" their water use but have no control …

Evaluation Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Enrichment Using In Situ Enclosure Bags With Temporal Indigenous Phytoplankton Populations, Richard L. Meyer, W. Reed Green

Technical Reports

An in situ experimental procedure and protocol was developed to evaluate nitrate and phosphate enrichment using isolated indigenous phytoplankton assemblages during different seasons. Results of the comparison of the parameters-temperature, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen between the open water and enclosed systems indicated that there was no significant influence of the physicochemical factors on the isolated biological processes. Growth responses were measured by turbidity, biomass and chlorophyll-a, the most sensitive being chlorophyll-a. Additions of nitrate and phosphate were added in known concentrations and in different magnitudes of concentration based upon ambient conditions and ratio. During the fall, phosphorus influenced …

Groundwater Quality And Mineral Deposits Relationships In The Ozark Mountains, Kenneth F. Steele

Technical Reports

Ninety-nine groundwater sites were sampled in northern Arkansas in order to determine the effect of local manganese, phosphate, pyrite, lead-zinc and uranium mineralization on the groundwater chemistry. Most of this study (75 springs) was concentrated in the Batesville manganese district. Hydrogeochemical exploration for these types of manganese deposits appears possible with 44 percent of the springs within 2000 feet of mineralization having anomalous metal concentrations (especially manganese). Because only a few springs were sampled in the remaining areas, the results are not conclusive; however, only the pyrite and small lead-zinc deposit would appear worthy of additional investigation. None of the …

Legal Status Of Developed Tidelands In The Northeast: A Three-State Sampling, Anne F. Ackenhusen

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The tidelands law of the United States has evolved sporadically. As the nation's population pressures have increased, and every conceivable type of development hasattempted to locate in the coastal zone (1), the regulationof tidelands has become increasingly stringent. No longer can a private party fill an acre of tidelands on whim. Inthe past, however, unauthorized tideland development was a frequent occurrence. Thus current state governments must deal with a legacy of improperly filled tidelands. This paper will examine some of the states' attempts to address the problem of illegally improved tidelands.

Identification Of Critical Water Levels In Flooded Rice Fields, Carl L. Griffis

Technical Reports

A mathematical model was developed to simulate the transient hydrology of a flooded rice field. With the model, users can determine the critical interlevee areas in which to monitor the water levels so that the irrigation well can be turned on at the critical low water level, and turned off at the critical high water level, in order to maximize water application efficiency. Sensitivity analysis performed with the model showed that it will be necessary to calibrate the model for each specific field. A calibration procedure has been developed.

Precedings Of Arkansas Lakes Symposium Limnological Studies Of Lake Chicot, Arkansas, Joe F. Nix, Frank R. Schiebe

Technical Reports

Lake Chicot is an oxbow lake that was created more than 600 years ago by the meandering of the Mississippi River. It is located in Chicot county in southeastern Arkansas adjacent to the present Mississippi River. As the largest natural lake in Arkansas it earned an early reputation for its good fishing and recreational value. Development of a levee system forced the enlargement of the lakes watershed to its present 350 square miles. Initially this alteration affected only the volume flow through the lake, drastically reducing the water residence time. Because the watershed was located in one of the most …

Evalution Of Drainage Tile To Alleviate Salt Building In Heavy Soils Irrigated With Brackish Water And Cropped With Rice And Soybeans, T. C. Keisling, J. T. Gilmour, H. D. Scott, A. M. Sadeghi, R. E. Baser

Technical Reports

The use of tile drains for alleviating soluble salt accumulation on silt loam soil was investigated during 1984. Although the chemical analyses of the floodwater and tile drainage water were very similar suggesting that the floodwater was moving to the tile drain, the overall results so far indicate that this is not a feasible solution owing to lack of significant drainage. Application of DRAINMOD utilizing soil and weather data from Arkansas showed no significant effluent from the tile drains for our experimental site during rice production. This was attributed to the extremely slow saturated hydraulic conductivity values for this particular …

Winds Over Water: A Bibliography, Janet M. Witte

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

This bibliography was compiled as an outgrowth of the Satellite Surface Stress (S3) Working Group, which was sponsored by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from the fall of 1982 to the spring of 1984 (Contracts NAS5-26714 and 956773). I wish to thank the Working Group Chairman, Dr. James J. O'Brien, for providing me with the impetus to compile this work. I also wish to thank the other members of the Working Group for adding their moral support (as well as many of the references).

Orvs On The Cape Cod National Seashore, Karen G. Chaffee

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

With the creation of a National Seashore, we incur the responsibility of maintaining and preserving it. Since the establishment of the Cape Cod National Seashore in 1961, the use of off-road vehicles (ORV's) has increased dramatically. These vehicles damage the fragile ecosystems of the seashore. The National Park Service Cooperative Research Unit at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst was commissioned to undertake a five year study of the many facets of off-road vehicle impact on beach and dune as well as salt marsh and tidal flats.

Fourier Series Analysis Of The Relationship Of Morphologic Variations And Bathymetry In Recent Bolivina (Foraminiferida) From The Northwestern Gulf Of Mexico, Anthony Cavedo Gary

OES Theses and Dissertations

Automated video digitization and closed-form Fourier series analysis were used to investigate the applicability of benthic foraminiferal test morphology for paleo-bathymetric/paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Sample relationships and harmonics with the greatest power for discriminating between samples were determined using canonical discriminant analysis. Samples were eleven short cores obtained from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Three species of Bolivina were analyzed, B. albatrossi, B. lowmani, and B. subspinescens.

Results show populations of Bolivina albatrossi from the upper bathyal and upper-middle bathyal zones to have more triangular tests and lobulate chambers than lower-middle and lower bathyal zone populations. Specimens of Bolivina subspinescens …

The Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Larvae Of Sympatric Pagurid Hermit Crabs (Decapoda, Anomura) In Virginian Estaurine And Coastal Waters, Philip Wesley Sadler

OES Theses and Dissertations

Thirteen stations were occupied at two - week intervals from May through September 1980 within the York River, lower Chesapeake Bay depths encompassing the entire water column.

Three species of pagurids were identified: Pagurus longicarpus, P. pollicaris, and P. annulipes. The larvae of P. annulipes had not been previously identified from Virginian waters. The shapes of the antennae of P. pollicaris and P. annulipes weredistinctive, allowing rapid identification of these larvae. The shapes of the uropods were found to be useful in distinguishingthe glaucothoe· of P. longicarpus from P. annulipes. The larvae of these species …

The Prospects Of The Kra Canal, Pannarai Chuapibul

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The controversies over the prospects of the Kra Canal persuade me to write my major paper about it. Ever since the Thai government rejected the proposals for construction of the canal, the press has criticized that the actual reason why the government rejected the canal proposals was because of its fear of the irredentist movement with complete disregard of the enormous benefits of raising our balance of payments and standard of living. Nevertheless, there must be other important reasons. My opinions, which do not reflect those of the Thai government are based on problems of sources of capital, advantages and …

Discovery Of A Majid Host For The Commensal Amphipod Stenothoe Symbiotica Shoemaker, 1956, James Darwin Thomas, Kalani D. Cairns

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.