Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Volume 2, Number 10 (October 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

A 200 Year Record Of Carbon-13 And Carbon-14 Variations In A Bermuda Coral, Y. Nozaki, D. M. Rye, K. K. Turekian, Richard E. Dodge

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

A 200 year old brain coral, captured in Bermuda in 1976 was slabbed and x-rayed. Using the annual growth bands sequential, dated samples were taken over the entire growth period of the coral and analyzed for Δ¹⁴C, δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O. During the past 80 years atmospheric variations in Δ¹⁴C and δ¹³C due to human effects, such as release of bomb C-14 and dilution of both C-14 and C-13 by fossil fuel burning, are closely tracked by the coral. Prior to 1900 divergences between the coral and tree Δ¹⁴C …

Serologic And Hematologic Values Of Bison In Colorado, Edward O. Keith, James Ellis, Robert W. Phillips, Maxine M. Benjamin

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Recent economic and aesthetic interest in North American bison (Bison bison) has lead to increased interstate transport of these animals. Serologic and hematologic standards for bison are needed to detect disease in transported animals as well as within herds. This paper describes variation in blood physiological parameters in bison caused by variations in diet and season. Blood was taken from six bison and analyzed for serologic and hematologic parameters. Significant variation was found in blood urea nitrogen, chloride, cholesterol, creatinine, eosinophil, glucose, hemoglobin, lactic dehydrogenase, leukocyte, packed cell volume, potassium, serum globulin, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, SGPT, and …

Hydrolytic And Photochemical Degradation Of Organophosphorus Pesticides, James F. Hinton

Technical Reports

To keep pace with demands for increasing food supplies to satisfy the expanding world population, modern agriculture has utilized the latest scientific and technological knowledge available. Increases in crop production through the use of growth regulators, fertilizers , herbicides, and insecticides have been little short of phenomenal, and drugs, feed additives, and higher-quality grain and forage have dramatically increased livestock production. But, as is usually the case, this progress has been accompanied by problems, one of the more serious being contamination of our environment by chemicals. Only in recent years have the full effects of these pollutants on the ecological …

University Of Connecticut Agriculture Climate Station In Coventry , Connecticut, The, David R. Miller, Byron E. Janes

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Volume 2, Number 9 (September 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Volume 2, Number 8 (August 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Heavy Metals On Algae Populations In A South Central Reservoir, Richard L. Meyer

Technical Reports

The present investigation examines seasonal variations of algal assemblages in a south-central reservoir, Lake Fayetteville, Arkansas, in an attempt to evaluate the role of various trace metals in relation to these seasonal variations. Iron, manganese, cobalt, copper, lead and zinc concentrations were evaluated for the period of one year from March, 1976 to March, 1977 with concomitant examination of alga] assemblages. In addition to collection of this material, correlations between specific taxa and metals in the water fraction have been evaluated. A detailed literature review dealing with the role of micronutrients in various algal groups has been discussed by Rice …

Apis: Arkansas Planning Information System, William R. Draper, David B. Beasley, Theo A. Dillaha Iii, Ronald W. Skeith

Technical Reports

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 call for the restoration and maintenance of the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the Nation's waters. The Act sets forth two primary goals; 1) the elimination of the discharge of all pollutants into the navigable waters of the United States by 1985 and 2) an interim level of water quality that provides for the protection of fish, shellfish, wildlife and recreation by July 1, 1983. Section 208 of the Act mandated the development and implementation of area wide water quality management plans to achieve the goals previously mentioned.

Volume 2, Number 7 (July 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Zoogeography Of Tropical Western Atlantic Crinoidea (Echinodermata), David L. Meyer, Charles G. Messing, Donald B. Macurda Jr.

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Recent collections of crinoids from the intertidal zone to 1,650 m in the tropical western Atlantic have provided significant range extensions for more than half of the 44 comatulid and stalked species known from the region. Of the 34 comatulid species, over 60% are endemic to the region; of the 10 stalked species, 90% are endemic. At the familial level, this fauna has its strongest affinities with the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Comatulids are most abundant above 300 m, while stalked species occur primarily between 100 and 700 m. Species that occur primarily above 600 m (the deepest penetration of the …

Spring Phytoplankton Composition And Distribution In Coastal Waters Between Nova Scotia And The Chesapeake Bay, Larry William Neal

OES Theses and Dissertations

This investigation was directed toward satisfying a recognized lack of informat on regarding phytoplankton composition and density in shelf waters between Nova Scotia and the Chesapeake Bay. A sedimentation technique was used in determining the phytoplankton composition of 99 samples collected between 2 March and 3 April 1971. Chlorophyll-a samples collected concurrently were analyzed fluorometrically. Simple correlation analyses were utilized in describing distributional patterns of phytoplankton density and chlorophyll-a concentration with respect to water temperature, salinity, density, depth, distance from shore and latitude. Analysis of variance was employed in assessing regional differences in phytoplankton density and chlorophyll-a.

The phytoplankton flora …

Mercury, Copper, And Zinc In Selected Ichthyofauna Of Lower Chesapeake Bay And Hampton Roads, Virginia, W. Bruce Aitenhead

OES Theses and Dissertations

Anchovys, croaker, spat, summer flounder and hogchokers were collected monthly to seasonally from November 1972 to October 1973 at three locations in the southern Chesapeake Bay region of Virginia.

The concentrations of mercury, copper and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in whole fishes. Metal concentration varied with species and location. Anchovys had the highest mean concentrations of mercury and zinc while hog- chokers had the highest mean copper concentration. Mercury levels exceeding O.5 ppm were observed in species from all three loca- tions, but maximum heavy metal concentrations per species were highest in Craney Island fishes.

Temporal variations …

Water Mass Structure And Variability North Of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, As Observed During The Summer Of 1977 For Otec Assessment, Thomas N. Lee, Robert S.C. Munier, Sherman Chiu

RSMAS Technical Reports

Variability of the water mass structure north of St. Croix in the Virgin Islands Basin was observed during a 2.5 month study of corrosion and biofouling on OTEC heat exchanger performance in the summer of 1977. Daily STD profiles and weekly hydrocasts were taken of the upper 1500m from a Tracor Marine barge moored 15 km north of St. Croix in 3600m water depth. The largest temporal fluctuation in water properties occurred ín the Tropical Surface Waters of the upper 100m due primariìy to advection of this spatially inhomogeneous water mass past the moor. Currents in the upper layer were …

Volume 2, Number 6 (June 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Dredge Spoil Disposal With Particular Reference To Management Practices In Southern New England, Lynne A. Melville

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

One-half million acres of U.S. coastal wetlands have been destroyed by dredging and filling operations since 1956. They are being destroyed at the rate of 0.5-1.0% each year. In one ten year period, Rhode Island lost 5% of its 2000 acres of wetlands to urban development, and Connecticut lost 12% of its marsh lands. Less than 1500 acres of marsh remain in Connecticut. During the course of this research project, I examined one aspect of wetland destruction - the dredging and disposal of spoil materials onto wetlands and into the coastal waters of Southern New England. What follows is a …

A Primary Ecological Survey Of Dardanelle Reservoir Prior To Nuclear Facility Effluent Discharge, Clarence B. Sinclair, Robert L. Watson

Technical Reports

A preliminary ecological survey of Dardanelle Reservoir during the construction phase of Arkansas Power and Light Company's nuclear generating facility was conducted from January 1970 through June 1974. The reservoir is characterized by relatively shallow depths and a high flow-thru rate. A number of features were associated with these characteristics. The reservoir carried a great deal of suspended material and exhibited high turbidities throughout most of the year. Typical thermal stratification and oxygen depletion were only rarely observed. Many of the physico-chemical parameters exhibited relatively high values in comparison to other Arkansas lakes and reservoirs, but due to absence of …

The Natural Growth Records Of Reef-Building Corals, Richard E. Dodge

Oceanography Faculty Theses and Dissertations

Through analysis of hermatypic coral incremental growth features, it is possible to determine the response of recent corals to their environments. In this way I have attempted to obtain a tool not only to gain knowledge of recent growth processes but also for reconstructing aspects of past environmental conditions associated with fossil coral growth. The procedure has been first to determine time relationships and characteristics of coral skeletal density bands and to next use banding for investigations into areal growth rate patterns, coral population age distributions, and coral-climate interactions.

Density band couplets, visible X-radiographically in medial sections of coral skeletons, …

Volume 2, Number 5 (May 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

An Input-Output Analysis Of The Soviet Fleet In Icnaf Areas 5 And 6, 1961-1973, F. Robert Bauer

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

One of the goals of the Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 was the rebuilding of the American fishing industry. However, the Act does not give the U.S.fisherman exclusive rights to the fishery resource. The American fisherman will still be competing with the foreign fleets. Section 204 (b) (1) of the Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976. states: Each foreign nation with which the United States has entered into a governing international agreement shall submit an application to the Secretary of State each year for a permit for each of its fishing vessels to engage in fishing described …

Present Trends In The Development Of Marine Fisheries By Coastal States Of The East Central Atlantic, Ethman T. A. Golley-Morgan

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In order to create an incentive for a rapid development of the rural-based artisanal fisheries of coastal states, that can actively compete with large scale industrial fisheries of non-coastal states as well as coastal states of the region, some states are now moving towards an integrated approach in their development efforts. Such integrated projects will take into consideration rural development, provision of infrastructural facilities for fish handling and processing, vessel servicing, repairs and boat building. Socio-economic factors such as organization of fishermen's cooperatives, financing and marketing institutions are also vital inputs.

Zooplankton Limnology Of Beaver And Degray Reservoirs In Arkansas, Eugene H. Schmitz

Technical Reports

Research during the year 1975-76 continued to emphasize studies of seasonal changes in patterns of zooplankton abundance and biomass in Beaver and DeGray Reservoirs. Zooplankton samples were taken monthly from three stations on Beaver Reservoir (Figure 1) during the period May 1975 through May 1976. Collections from DeGray Reservoir were made weekly from a single station (Station 1) during the period April 1975 through December 1975. Beaver collections were obtained by taking oblique tows using a Miller sampler equipped with no. 10 mesh. The DeGray program entailed stratified vertical samples taken at 5 intervals to 20 a and 20 m …

Meeting The United States Requirement For A Merchant Marine, John F. Drake

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper will derive the United States' need for a merchant fleet from the facts available, and will express these needs in terms which can be used to form reasonable goals. The history of the U.S. Merchant Marine will then be examined to learn how it arrived at its present status. Successes and failures of industry practices and government support programs will be highlighted, and an examination will be made of the degree to which the needs of the United States can be met with today's U.S. merchant fleet.

Volume 2, Number 4 (April 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Science In The Sea-Can The Scientists Endure 200 Mile Jurisdiction?: A Case Study Of The R/V Trident 1973-1975, Barbara Ray

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Before the 1958 Continental Shelf Convention scientists were free to do their research anywhere in the oceans except within a narrow band of territorial waters. Since that time national jurisdiction has closed off increasing amounts of the sea. Most coastal areas and continental shelf areas now require coastal state consent prior to commencing work. Possible reasons for this closure include 1) fear of natural resource exploitation, 2) fear of military exploitation, or 3) growing feelings of nationalism among the developing countries. This paper is divided into two parts. The first deals at length with the development of the issue of …

The Response Of An Idealized Continental Shelf To Atmospheric Forcing, Paul Francis Moersdorf

OES Theses and Dissertations

The response of continental shelf water to cooling and wind stress is investigated using a two-dimensional numerical model. The topography of the east coast continental shelf was idealized by connecting a shallow (50 m) rectangular nearshore basin to a deeper (100 m) rectangular offshore basin. Numerous cases were examined using a wide range of values for both the air•sea temperature difference and the Wind speed, although the direction of the wind was always perpendicular to the coast.

The model predicts large excursions of shelf water offshore, and the subsequent surfacing of lower waters. Upwelling velocities of close to five meters …

The Photosynthetic Action Spectra Of The Phytoplankton And Their Role In Governing Spatial And Temporal Distribution: A Numerical Modeling Approach, William Morrow Willis

OES Theses and Dissertations

In the present study a numerical modeling approach is employed to examine the role of division spedific differences in photosynthetic action spectra in governing the relative size of diatom and dinoflagellate carbon synthesis along various marine light regime gradients. A radiative transfer model taking into account both Rayleigh and Mie atmospheric optical properties is employed to define the light regime incident on the sea surface. The hydrospheric light regime is defined by an exponential decay model with a correction for diffuse back scatter. Taken together, the atmospheric and hydrospheric models define the spectral composition and intensity of light in the …

Experiments In Attempted Interspecific And Interpopulational Hybridzation Of Grass Shrimp Of The Genus Palaemonetes (Caridea Palaemonidae), Mark Andrew Boston

OES Theses and Dissertations

The present study investigates the interfertility of Palaemonetes populations, Interspecific crosses were attempted between representatives of sympatric :populations of P. pugio, P. vulgaris, and P. intermedius, Intraspecific crosses were undertaken between geographically separated :populations of P. pugio. Laboratory conditions of 25°c, 25°/oo, and 14.5 hour photoperiod per day were maintained for all breeding attempts, Under these conditions interspecific hybridization of Palaemonetes pugio and P. vulgaris was not feasible. P. intermedius could not be hybridized with P. pugio and P. vulgaris. At 40 days of age P. pugio juveniles were significantly larger than P. vulgaris juveniles of …

Volume 2, Number 3 (March 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Extreme Evapotranspiration By Irrigated Alfalfa: A Consequence Of The 1976 Midwestern Drought, Norman J. Rosenberg, Shashi B. Verma

Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

The rate of evapotranspiration by irrigated alfalfa at Mead, NE (41°09'Nj 96°30'W, elevation 354 m) reached record levels in 1976. Evapotranspiration was measured with precision weighing lysimeters in a field 1.9 ha in size. Evapotranspiration ranged during the growing season from 4.75 to 14.22 mm day^-l and exceeded 10 mm day^-I on one-third of the days studied. On each day of study the ratio of latent heat flux density (LE) to the sum of the net radiation and soil heat flux densities (Rn+S) was such that LE/ (Rn+S) > 1, indicating the occurrence of significant …