Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Knowledge-Based Image Enhancement For Cooperative Tele-Assistance, Erika Rogers, Versonya Dupont, Robin R. Murphy, Nazir Warsi

Computer Science and Software Engineering

There is an increasing need in complex environments for computerized assistance, both for the effective filtering and display of pertinent information or data, and also for the decision-making task itself. The combination of artificial intelligence techniques with image processing and graphics capabilities provides the foundation for building intelligent systems which act as mediaries between the human and the task domain. In the field of tele-assistance, this type of system enables cooperative problem-solving between a remote semi-autonomous robot and a local human supervisor. This paper describes current work on such a system, with an emphasis on the development of knowledge-based image …

Cooperative Assistance For Remote Robot Supervision, Erika Rogers, Robin R. Murphy, A. Stewart, Nazir Warsi

Computer Science and Software Engineering

This paper describes current work on the design of a computer system which provides cooperative assistance for the supervision of remote semi-autonomous robots. It consists of a blackboard-based framework which allows communication between the remote robot, the local human supervisor, and an intelligent mediating system, which aids interactive exception handling when the remote robot requires the assistance of the local operator.

Structure And Function Of Magnetosomes In Magnetotactic Bateria, Richard B. Frankel, Dennis A. Bazylinski

Physics

Magnetotactic bacteria contain magnetosomes, which are mineral particles enclosed my membranes. The particles are ferrimagnetic magnetite, ferrimagnetic greigite, or greigite and non-magnetic pyrite. The particles constitute an elegant biomagnetic compass that orients the cell along the geomagnetic field lines as it swims. This paper discusses the structures of these particles and their possible formation mechanisms.

Computer Simplification Of Engineering Systems Formulas, J. W. Helton, Mark Stankus, John Wavrik

Mathematics

Currently, the three most popular commercial computer algebra systems are Mathematica, Maple, and MACSYMA (the 3 M’s). These systems provide a wide variety of symbolic computation facilities for commutative algebra and contain implementations of powerful algorithms in that domain. The Gröbner Basis Algorithm, for example, is an important tool used in computation with commutative algebras and in solving systems of polynomial equations.

On the other hand, most of the computation involved in linear control theory is performed on matrices and these do not commute. A typical issue of IEEE TAC is full of A B C D type linear systems …

Mössbauer Spectroscopic And Magnetic Studies Of Magnetoferritin, Q. A. Pankhurst, S. Betteridge, D. P. E. Dickson, T. Douglas, Stephen Mann, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

Mössbauer spectroscopic and magnetic measurements have been made on a novel magnetic protein produced by the controlled reconstitution of ferritin. The data indicate that the predominant mineral form in the iron-containing cores is maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃) rather than magnetite (Fe₃O₄).

Magnetotaxis And Magnetic Particles In Bacteria, Richard B. Frankel, Dennis A. Bazylinski

Physics

Magnetotactic bacteria contain magnetic particles that constitute a permanent magnetic dipole and cause each cell to orient and migrate along geomagnetic field lines. Recent results relevant to the biomineralization process and to the function of magnetotaxis are discussed.

Iron Core Formation In Horse Spleen Ferritin: Magnetic Susceptibility, Ph, And Compositional Studies, S. Hilty, B. Webb, Richard B. Frankel, G. D. Watt

Physics

Horse spleen ferritin (HoSF) reconstituted with small iron cores ranging in size from 8 to 500 iron atoms was studied by magnetic susceptibility and pH measurements to determine when the added Fe³⁺ begins to aggregate and form antiferromagnetically coupled clusters and also to determine the hydrolytic state of the iron at low iron loading. The Evans NMR magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that at iron loadings as low as 8 Fe³⁺/HoSF, at least half of the added iron atoms were involved in antiferromagnetic exchange interactions and the other half were present as isolated iron atoms with S = …

Icdm: Integrated Cooperative Decision Making - In Practice, Leonard Myers, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

Multi-agent systems provide an attractive architecture for the implementation of complex systems. Much of the research is focussed on complete automation of the decision making process as a means of duplicating human abilities for working with new problems and environments. There as also a need for systems that employ the human as an agent and rely on human abilities for common sense and deep thought. The CAD Research Center at Cal Poly and CDM Technologies have significant experience in building systems of the latter type that assist human users in solving complex problems in planning, design and economics. This experience …

Cognitive Engineering For Intelligent Man-Machine Systems, Erika Rogers

Computer Science and Software Engineering

This paper discusses a methodology for cognitive engineering which provides a framework for the cognitive studies→intelligent system development→cognitive studies cycle. The methodology has been developed to address the problem of providing knowledge-based cooperative assistance in visual reasoning tasks, and is discussed in terms of its impact on three different application domains: diagnostic radiology, geographical information systems, and tele-assisted robot supervision.

Sensitivity Of Second Harmonic Generation To Space Charge Effects At Si(111)/Electrolyte And Si(111)/Sio2/Electrolyte Interfaces, P. R. Fischer, J. L. Daschbach, D. E. Gragson, G. L. Richmond

Chemistry and Biochemistry

The potential dependence in the surface second harmonic response from hydrogen terminated n‐Si(111) and oxidized n‐Si(111) surfaces has been examined in aqueous NH₄F and H₂SO₄ solutions. The relative phase of the nonlinear response as measured by rotational anisotropy experiments is found to be highly sensitive to the presence of the oxide and the field applied across the Si(111)/oxide/electrolyte interface. These observations are attributed to field effects within the space–charge region of the semiconductor which vary with the presence and thickness of the insulating oxide layer on the Si(111) surface.

Minimax-Optimal Strategies For The Best-Choice Problem When A Bound Is Known For The Expected Number Of Objects, Theodore P. Hill, D. P. Kennedy

Research Scholars in Residence

For the best-choice (or secretary) problem with an unknown number N of objects, minimax-optimal strategies for the observer and minimax distributions for N are derived under the assumption that N is a random variable with expected value at most M, where M is known. The solution is derived as a special case of the situation where N is constrained by Ef(N) ≤ M, where f is increasing with f(i)-f(i-1) convex.

Comparison Of Magnetic Properties Of Polysaccharide Iron Complex (P.I.C.) And Ferritin, M. E. Y. Mohie-Eldin, Richard B. Frankel, L. Gunther

Physics

The synthetic polysaccharide iron complex (PIC) molecule has been suggested as a ‘biomimic’, i.e. a counterpart, to the naturally occurring biological molecule ferritin with respect to its magnetic properties based on the identification of ferrihydrite as the major mineral in both. Magnetization measurements were used to investigate the magnetic properties of PIC in relation to those of ferritin, as well as to identify differences in such properties between naturally occurring ferritin, which we designate here as Ferritin I, and ferritin with an artificially high content of Fe²⁺ ions bound to its core, which is designated here as Ferritin II. …

Pinching Theorems For Teardrops And Footballs Of Revolution, Joseph E. Borzellino

Mathematics

We give explicit optimal curvature pinching constants for the Riemannian (p, q)- football orbifolds under the assumption that they are realised as surfaces of revolution in ³. We show that sufficiently pinched sectional curvature assumptions imply that a (p, q)-football must be good.

Clean Lakes Assistance Program For Lake Nacimiento, Thomas J. Rice, David H. Chipping, Norman L. Eatough, Royden Nakamura, Daniel Bigley

Earth and Soil Sciences

No abstract provided.

Monads And Realcompactness, Sergio Salbany, Todor D. Todorov

Mathematics

We give a quantifier free characterization of realcompactness and ordered realcompactness in terms of monads. We also present simple proofs of some topological facts concerning realcompact spaces.

Pedogenic Processes In Thick Sand Deposits On A Marine Terrace, Central California, Lynn E. Moody, R. C. Graham

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

Pedological studies in thick sedimentary sequences are generally limited to the upper few meters. Field investigation of thick (~50 m) sand deposits on an emergent Pleistocene marine terrace in central California showed morphological differences between the solum at the surface and the deep regolith. Based on morphological and geochemical features, four units were identified within the regolith. Two zones of active pedogenesis occur within three of these units. The surficial unit is in Holocene sand deposits (mixed, thermic, Argic Xeropsamments), and has darkened A horizons, a slightly reddened subsoil, and incipient lamellae at the depth of wetting front infiltration. These …

Project Spotlight: Morro Bay Watershed 319 National Monitoring Program Project. National Water Quality Evaluation Project Notes., Karen Worcester, Thomas J. Rice, Jo Beth Mullens

Earth and Soil Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Splitting Theorem For Orbifolds, Joseph Borzellino, Shun-Hui Zhu

Mathematics

In this paper we wish to examine a generalization of the splitting theorem of Cheeger–Gromoll [CG] to Riemannian orbifolds. Roughly speaking, a Riemannian orbifold is a metric space locally modelled on quotients of Rie- mannian manifolds by finite groups of isometries. The term orbifold was coined by W. Thurston [T] sometime around the year 1976–77. The term is meant to suggest the orbit space of a group action on a manifold. A similar concept was introduced by I. Satake in 1956, where he used the term V–manifold (See [S1]). The “V” was meant to suggest a cone–like singularity. Since then, …

Tele-Assistance For Semi-Autonomous Robots, Erika Rogers, Robin R. Murphy

Computer Science and Software Engineering

This paper describes current work on a cooperative tele-assistance system for semi-autonomous robots. This system combines a robot architecture for limited autonomous perceptual and motor control with a knowledge-based operator assistant which provides strategic selection and enhancement of relevant data. The design of the system is presented, together with a number of exception-handling scenarios that were constructed as a result of experiments wit.h act.ual sensor data collected from two mobile robots.

Rock Magnetic Criteria For The Detection Of Biogenic Magnetite, Bruce M. Moskowitz, Richard B. Frankel, Dennis A. Bazylinski

Physics

We report results on the magnetic properties of magnetites produced by magnetotactic and dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria. Magnetotactic bacterial (MTB) strains MS1, MV1 and MV2 and dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium strain GS-15, grown in pure cultures, were used in this study. Our results suggest that a combination of room temperature coercivity analysis and low temperature remanence measurements provides a characteristic magnetic signature for intact chains of single domain (SD) particles of magnetite from MTBs. The most useful magnetic property measurements include: (1) acquisition and demagnetization of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) using static, pulse and alternating fields; (2) acquisition of anhysteretic remanent magnetization …

Quantile-Locating Functions And The Distance Between The Mean And Quantiles, D. Gilat, Theodore P. Hill

Research Scholars in Residence

Given a random variable X with finite mean, for each 0 < p < 1, a new sharp bound is found on the distance between a p-quantile of X and its mean in terms of the central absolute first moment of X. The new bounds strengthen the fact that the mean of X is within one standard deviation of any of its medians, as well as a recent quantile-generalization of this fact by O'Cinneide.

Fe304 And Fe3S4 In A Bacterium, Dennis A. Bazylinski, Brigid R. Heywood, Stephen Mann, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

No abstract provided.

Cation Distribution In Natural Ferrites, H. A. Maia, F. F. T. De Araújo, M. A. B. De Araújo, J. Danon, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

Mössbauer spectra of jacobsite have been recorded at temperatures of 4.2, 125, 180, 240 and 300 K and with an external magnetic field of 60 kOe applied parallel to the incident radiation at 4.2 K. The results show the presence of two different magnetic hyperfine interactions associated with the iron nuclei. Spectra of samples in external magnetic fields indicate the same sign for the magnetic hyperfine interactions, implying that both iron ions occupy only the octahedral sublattice. These results are compared with data from synthetic stoichiometry manganese ferrite, and a model of cation distribution, assuming the existence of vacancies, is …

Review Of Genius In The Shadows: A Biography Of Leo Szilard, The Man Behind The Bomb By William Lanouette And Bela Silard, David W. Hafemeister

Physics

No abstract provided.

Copper Association With Iron Sulfide Magnetosomes In A Magnetotactic Bacterium, Dennis A. Bazylinski, Anthony J. Garratt-Reed, Afshin Abedi, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

Greigite (Fe₃S₄) and pyrite (FeS₂) particles in the magnetosomes of a many-celled, magnetotactic prokaryote (MMP), common in brackish-to-marine, sulfidic, aquatic habitats, contained relatively high concentrations of copper which ranged from about 0.1 to 10 atomic per cent relative to iron. In contrast, the greigite particles in the magnetosomes of a curved magnetotactic bacterium collected from the same sampling site did not contain significant levels of copper. The ability of the MMP to biomineralize copper within its magnetosomes appeared to be limited to that organism and dependent upon the site from which it was collected. …

Electron Microscopy Study Of Magnetosomes In Two Cultured Vibrioid Magnetotactic Bacteria, Fiona C. Meldrum, Stephen Mann, Brigid R. Heywood, Richard B. Frankel, Dennis A. Bazylinski

Physics

Magnetite (Fe₃0₄) crystals produced by two strains of cultured vibrioid magnetotactic bacteria were studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Both magnetotactic strains were characterized by single chains of magnetite crystals aligned along the long axes of the cells. The strains, designated as MV-2 and MV-4, produced crystals that differed markedly in size and morphology. Crystals present in MV-4 cells were generally larger than those in MV-2 cells and displayed significantly smaller aspect ratios. Crystallographic analysis of the magnetosomes of MV-2 revealed an elongated hexagonal habit based on a prism of {110} faces capped by {111} …

Electron Microscopy Study Of Magnetosomes In A Cultured Coccoid Magnetotactic Bacterium, Fiona C. Meldrum, Stephen Mann, Brigid R. Heywood, Richard B. Frankel, D. A. Bazyllinski

Physics

Intracellular magnetite (Fe₃O₄) crystals produced by the magnetotactic bacterium MC-1 were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Strain MC-1 represents the first-reported isolation of a coccoid magnetotactic bacterium in axenic culture. The magnetosomes of this bacterium displayed a pseudo-hexagonal prismatic habit, were elongated along the crystallographic direction, and were truncated by {111}, {100} and {110} faces. The presence of {111} truncations represents a modification of the magnetosome morphology previously determined for those in other coccoid bacteria. Study of immature crystals produced by strain MC-1 showed that the crystal morphology was controlled even at early stages of …

Multiple Evolutionary Origins Of Magnetotaxis In Bacteria, Edward F. Delong, Richard B. Frankel, Dennis A. Bazylinski

Physics

Magnetosomes are intracellular, iron-rich, membrane-enclosed magnetic particles that allow magnetotactic bacteria to orient in the earth's geomagnetic field as they swim. The magnetosomes of most magnetotactic bacteria contain iron oxide particles, but some magnetotactic species contain iron sulfide particles instead. Phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences showed that all known magnetotactic bacteria of the iron oxide type are associated with the a subgroup of the Proteobacteria in the domain Bacteria. In contrast, uncultured magnetotactic bacteria of the iron sulfide type are specifically related to the dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria within the δ subdivision of the Proteobacteria. These findings indicate …

Isosymmetric Linear Transformations On Complex Hilbert Space, Mark Stankus

Mathematics

We explore the elementary operator theory of the equation
(0.1) ∑ c_m,nT^*nT^m=0
for c_m,n E C, c_m,n nonzero for only finitely many m, n and Ta bounded linear transformation on a complex Hilbert space in Chapters 1 and 2. We explore the equation

(0.2) T^*2T - T^*T² + T - T^* = 0
in greater depth in Chapters 4 and 5.

Chapter 1 explores the algebraic and C^*-algebraic aspects of the equation (0.1) and both the spectral picture of and growth conditions on …

Orbifolds Of Maximal Diameter, Joseph Borzellino

Mathematics

In this paper the Maximal Diameter Theorem of Riemannian geometry is proven for Riemannian orbifolds. In particular, it is shown that a complete Riemannian orbifold with Ricci curvature bounded below by (n−1) and diameter = π, must have constant sectional curvature 1, and must be a quotient of the sphere (Sn, can) of constant sectional curvature 1 by a subgroup of the orthogonal group O(n+1) acting discontinuously and isometrically on Sn. It is also shown that the singular locus of the orbifold forms a geometric barrier to the length minimization property of geodesics. We also extend the Bishop relative volume …