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- Simulation (131)
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- Traffic simulation (17)
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- Permanent magnet synchronous motor (16)
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- Deep reinforcement learning (14)
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- Publication Year
Articles 2251 - 2280 of 3382
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Target Tracking In Hybrid Environment Based On Imm-Ukf-Cs, Zhou Yan, Hu Lan, Dongli Wang
Target Tracking In Hybrid Environment Based On Imm-Ukf-Cs, Zhou Yan, Hu Lan, Dongli Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To attack the maneuvering target tracking problem in LOS/NLOS hybrid environments, an interacting multiple model (IMM) tracking algorithm based on "current" statistical (CS) model and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was proposed (IMM-UKF-CS). In the framework of IMM, it took advantage of CS in maneuvering target tracking and chose UKF as the sub-filter for the high positioning accuracy and low computational cost. Simulation results show that IMM-UKF-CS possesses higher tracking accuracy, better robustness and lower time cost, which promises for maneuver target tracking in LOS/NLOS hybrid environments.
Multi-Objective Optimization To The Suspension Of An Off-Road Vehicle Based On Kriging Approximate Modeling, Hongni Zhou, Feng Ying, Zhenxiao Wang, Weibing Fan
Multi-Objective Optimization To The Suspension Of An Off-Road Vehicle Based On Kriging Approximate Modeling, Hongni Zhou, Feng Ying, Zhenxiao Wang, Weibing Fan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on a Dongfeng off-road vehicle, the kinetic simulating and integrating process of the independent suspension assembly was established by integrating the multidisciplinary optimization software iSIGHT and ADAMS/Car. The optimal objective considered the variation quantity and tendency of the suspension alignment parameters as the wheels traveling was proposed, and the multi-objective optimization of the suspension was achieved by applying the DOE analysis and NSGA-II genetic algorithm. To enhance the optimal efficiency, a high-precision approximate model was established based on Kriging approximate modeling method. The results suggest both the simulating curves of two models are closing to the objective …
Parallel Method For Extracting Pulses From Multi-Source Massive Partial Discharge Signals, Liuwang Wang, Yongli Zhu, Yafei Jia
Parallel Method For Extracting Pulses From Multi-Source Massive Partial Discharge Signals, Liuwang Wang, Yongli Zhu, Yafei Jia
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the issue of discharge pulse extraction for multi-source and massive PD signals, a novel parallel method based on Message Passing Interface was proposed. The proposed method applied a parallel mode called manager-worker-writer. In this method, a manager dynamically assigned task to several workers, and these workers executed tasks in parallel and a writer received results from workers in real time, so data management was separated from task execution. In addition, the manager identified sources of PD signals and sent them to workers as the keys for analyzing different data files and setting algorithm parameters, so multi-source and …
Analysis Of Finite Element Method On Dynamic Contact Of Corn Ear, Xinping Li, Ma Lei
Analysis Of Finite Element Method On Dynamic Contact Of Corn Ear, Xinping Li, Ma Lei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: According to the arrangement law of corn ear kernels, the solid model and the finite element model of the corn ear were established. ANSYS LS-DYNA software was used to analyze the distribution and transmission of stress on the corn ear shocked by wedge impact head. The simulation shows that on the corn ear the Von Mises of the region which is shocked is bigger than other region. Initial phase of the impact head shocking the corn ear, the Von Mises concentrate on both sides of shocked corn kernels. With the falling of the impact head, the Von Mises transmit …
Simulation Research On Twc Dynamics Model During Cold Starting For Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Deng Tao, Xiaojing Li, Chunsong Lin, Renzhi Lu
Simulation Research On Twc Dynamics Model During Cold Starting For Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Deng Tao, Xiaojing Li, Chunsong Lin, Renzhi Lu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To reduce the emissions for gasoline engine during cold starting, the influences of crevice effect, wet wall effect because of the low cylinder temperature, adsorption/desorption of cylinder oil film and incomplete combustion on the HC emissions were analyzed. Moreover, the influences of the storage and release of oxygen on effective oxygen concentration were considered. The three-way catalytic (TWC) model was established with the lumped parameter method and analyzed under NEDC cycle. The temperature of exhaust gas getting in and out of the catalytic converter, the quantity and the efficiency curve of emissions were obtained. Furthermore, the conversion efficiency …
Simulation Research On Electromagnetic Radiation Noise Of Pantograph Arc, Fengyi Guo, Xili Wang, Xingbang Hu, Zhiyong Wang, Yanli Liu
Simulation Research On Electromagnetic Radiation Noise Of Pantograph Arc, Fengyi Guo, Xili Wang, Xingbang Hu, Zhiyong Wang, Yanli Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Pantograph-catenary system electromagnetic noise radiation not only endangers traffic safety, but also adversely affects the health of nearby residents and communications along the railway. By studying the radiation characteristics of the electromagnetic noise of the pantograph-catenary, provide a theoretical basis for suppression its radiation intensity. A Matlab simulation model of the pantograph offline arc was established, the simulation result shows out the discharge characteristics and the spectrum bounds of the arc. Then using the finite element analysis software to do a simulation analysis about pantograph typical frequency of the arc, the far-field and near-field characteristics based on the pantograph …
Efficient Priority Queue Constructed On Heap-Like Data Structure, Binbin Qi, Mingyong Pang
Efficient Priority Queue Constructed On Heap-Like Data Structure, Binbin Qi, Mingyong Pang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: How to organize data structure is a very important issue for various algorithm implementations. In this paper, a novel and efficient priority-queue was presented based on a kind of heap-like data structure. The organization structure of the queue is first introduced and then a set of basic operators on the queue were elucidated, the time and space performances of the data structure was also theoretically analyzed. Our data structure has several advantages, including the adaptability of storage space as well as the simplicity and convenience of implementation. Experimental results showed that the heuristic priority queue data structure can effectively …
Research For Co-Simulation Of 7dof Manipulator Based On Adams And Matlab, Chen Gang, Qicai Zhou, Wu Jing, Yan Nan
Research For Co-Simulation Of 7dof Manipulator Based On Adams And Matlab, Chen Gang, Qicai Zhou, Wu Jing, Yan Nan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to study the redundant robot joint coupling effect on the control of the robot, the model of 7DOF manipulator was built based on SolidWorks, then co-simulation of ADAMS and MATLAB was researched; PD servo control scheme of single joint was designed based on the distributed control, the dynamic response curve of each joint of the manipulator was obtained in the process of synchronous movement, and the simulation of the end actual actuator was researched with the interference of the external environment. The results show that each joint and end effector response is well, the rationality of the …
Real-Time Simulation Research On Electric Drive System Of Armored Vehicle, Yunyin Zhang, Chunguang Liu, Xiaojun Ma, Zili Liao
Real-Time Simulation Research On Electric Drive System Of Armored Vehicle, Yunyin Zhang, Chunguang Liu, Xiaojun Ma, Zili Liao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The electric drive armored vehicle simulation system was built based on distributed simulation technology, according to the difference of simulation step size, the simulation system was set to three parts: week real-time simulation part, strong real-time simulation part and strict real-time simulation part. In week real-time simulation part, the communication between driver operation and vehicle dynamic simulation was connected by CAN bus; In strong real-time simulation part, engine, generator and battery were modeled and simulated by two sets of RT-LAB software, and the communication was connected by FlexRay bus; In strict real-time simulation part, motor model and inverter model …
Research On Repairable Aviation Spares Inventory Optimization Based On Modified Minimum Variance Control, Xiuyan Wang, Gewen Zhang
Research On Repairable Aviation Spares Inventory Optimization Based On Modified Minimum Variance Control, Xiuyan Wang, Gewen Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the difficulty in repairable aviation spares inventory optimization and scientific management, modified minimum variance control algorithm was introduced to repairable aviation spares inventory optimization. With audio control panel as the research subject and maintenance production-inventory-aviation supplies complementarity being viewed as a generalized physical system, combined with the uncertainty existing in the process of actual aviation supply loss, repairable aviation spares inventory control system model was established. By using minimum variance control strategy, and increasing the analytic hierarchy procedure, softness factor and extended predictive step length were estimated. Using Matlab-simulink, a simulation platform and achieve simulation research was …
Research Of Parallel Process Method Of Ground Penetrating Radar (Gpr) Data Based On Hadoop, Yincheng Liang, Yuan Yuan, Yang Feng
Research Of Parallel Process Method Of Ground Penetrating Radar (Gpr) Data Based On Hadoop, Yincheng Liang, Yuan Yuan, Yang Feng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The change of research way brought by big data and cloud computing has an impact on the research of GPR data processing. Filtering and analysis research for large scale GPR data was conducted by cloud computing platforms. Data preprocessing to GPR data was realized through flow computing framework Storm so as to solve the mismatch of GPR data format and input data format of Hadoop and realize parallel convolution and gain process based on Hadoop. The filtering result and performance index was analyzed. Experimental results show that the proposed method is accurate and effective on GPR data process, and …
Design And Implementation For Maintenance Support Simulation System Based On Agent, Xing Biao, Junhai Cao, Tailiang Song, Shouhua Chen
Design And Implementation For Maintenance Support Simulation System Based On Agent, Xing Biao, Junhai Cao, Tailiang Song, Shouhua Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The agent based modeling and simulation method is an effective method in the field of complex systems and system of systems (SoS), which is deficient in the connection relationship between the agent and the complex network method. According to the actual situation of the army equipment support, a simulation model of the maintenance support system for the equipment support system of systems based on the ABMS and complex network was established, which mainly included the overhaul maintenance, the medium maintenance, the minor repair and the examined and repaired as the special equipment support activity processes. On the …
Battle Simulation Study On Multi-Agent Weapon System-Of-Systems Based On Multi-Resolution, Xuefei Yan, Xinming Li, Liu Dong, Li Kang
Battle Simulation Study On Multi-Agent Weapon System-Of-Systems Based On Multi-Resolution, Xuefei Yan, Xinming Li, Liu Dong, Li Kang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A model based on Multi-Resolution modeling technology with multi-Agent theory was put forward since the problem of the decision and cooperation of traditional multi-Agent system is too complicated in the field of battle simulation of weapon SOS. The tactic-level cooperation missions based on OA circle(observation-Action )was given to the high-Resolution Agents and the strategy-level decision missions based on reinforcement learning was given to the low-Resolution Agents. Besides, the class structure of high-Resolution Agent and Aggregation Agent based on the Agent oriented programming(AOP) was designed. At last, the ideas were validated through battle simulation for Weapon SOS based on Java …
Parameter Identification And L2 Gain Based Backstepping Control Strategy For Pmsg, Zengqiang Mi, Xudong Guo, Yu Yang
Parameter Identification And L2 Gain Based Backstepping Control Strategy For Pmsg, Zengqiang Mi, Xudong Guo, Yu Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In allusion to the simultaneous time-varying characteristics of power source torque and moment of inertia in permanent magnet synchronous motor based mechanical elastic energy storage system, a parameter identification and L2 gain based backstepping control strategy was proposed. Firstly, Time-varyring moment of inertia and input torque were simultaneously identified through the least squares algorithm with forgetting factor. Then, on the basis of identification results and combining backstepping control and L2 gain disturbance suppression method, a nonlinear backstepping controller was designed against identification errors and parameters perturbation to ensure the rotating speed and output currents …
Design And Simulation Study Of Neural Adaptive Power System Stabilizer Of Dfig, Yuguang Niu, Yang Wei, Xiaoming Li, Shilin Wang, Zhongwei Lin
Design And Simulation Study Of Neural Adaptive Power System Stabilizer Of Dfig, Yuguang Niu, Yang Wei, Xiaoming Li, Shilin Wang, Zhongwei Lin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A Flux Magnitude Angle Control (FMAC) strategy based Neural Adaptive Power System Stabilizer (NPSS) was designed to improve the transient stability of grid-connected Double Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs). An online training algorithm based Elman artificial neural network was adopted to achieve adaptive control. For releasing computing burden and improving computing speed, a simplified method was used, where the calculation of jacobian matrix was replaced by the sign of itself. A simplified and generic renewable power system demonstrates the control performance contributions. The results of both dominant eigenvalue analysis and time response simulation illustrate contributions to system …
Optimization For Alternative Schemes Of Black Start Power Sources Considering Water Reserve Of Hydropower Station, Xueping Gu, Wenxuan Liu, Jiayu Wang, Jinghua Jia
Optimization For Alternative Schemes Of Black Start Power Sources Considering Water Reserve Of Hydropower Station, Xueping Gu, Wenxuan Liu, Jiayu Wang, Jinghua Jia
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An optimization method was proposed to determine alternative schemes of the hydropower black start sources, by considering water reserve constraints. A pumped storage power station was employed to crank some thermal units close to the pumped storage and was with good start-up performance. The restarted thermal units were used as power sources for subsequent restoration instead of the pumped storage units. The reliability of restoring units, the total capacity of selected units and units' node importance in network were defined as objective functions of the optimization problem. The immune algorithm was employed to search for the Pareto optimal …
Simulation Study Of A Coverage Enhancement Scheme In Directional Sensor Network Based On Particle Swarm Algorithm, Juwei Zhang, Wang Yu
Simulation Study Of A Coverage Enhancement Scheme In Directional Sensor Network Based On Particle Swarm Algorithm, Juwei Zhang, Wang Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A Dezert-Smarandache theory (DSmT) data fusion scheme was proposed based on the probability sensing model of directional sensor. In order to enhance the coverage ratio of directional sensor network, a sensor node deployment strategy was presented based on particle swarm optimization algorithm. Overlap rate was reduced by iteratively adjusting the sensing direction, which was regarded as fitness function in the algorithm, and the reliability of data was enhanced. The simulation results show that this algorithm has a fast convergence speed for the random deployment of sensor network nodes with continuously adjustable sensing direction, can effectively enhance the utilization rate …
Reactive Power Coordinated Control To Reduce Grid Loss With Large-Scale Wind Power Integration, Guo Peng, Wenying Liu, Yangqing Dan, Yalong Li, Liang Chen
Reactive Power Coordinated Control To Reduce Grid Loss With Large-Scale Wind Power Integration, Guo Peng, Wenying Liu, Yangqing Dan, Yalong Li, Liang Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: It has been main mode in China that large-scale wind power has centralized into grid, but as the weakness of the grid and a lack of coordination among reactive power compensation devices, the grid loss problem outstands. Regarding to the effect of voltage reduction and reactive power flow on loss, based on characteristics of different reactive power compensation devices, a two-stage coordinated control method was proposed. The method arranged slow discrete capacitors and reactors at long time scale whereas rapid successive static Var compensator(SVC) and static Var generator(SVG) at short time scale. By decomposition and coordination of reactive …
Influence Of Reactive Power Compensator On Power Line Communication Channel Characteristics, Wangbin Cao, Chengqun Yin, Limei Sun, Xuecai Li
Influence Of Reactive Power Compensator On Power Line Communication Channel Characteristics, Wangbin Cao, Chengqun Yin, Limei Sun, Xuecai Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Reactive power compensator is an important equipment which is widely used in power system. To study the influences of reactive power compensator on power line communication (PLC), the impedance characteristics of the reactive power compensator in the range of 50 Hz~1 MHz were measured, and the variation rule of the reactive power compensator impedance was proposed. The high frequency characteristics of dielectric materials in reactive power compensator were analyzed. And the high-frequency lumped parameter model and high-frequency two-port network model of reactive power compensator were proposed. The power line parameters-deterministic model was established based on the transmission line …
Research On Control Method For Anti-Ship Missiles Formation Flight, Mingxing Peng, Yunjie Wu, Futao Zhu
Research On Control Method For Anti-Ship Missiles Formation Flight, Mingxing Peng, Yunjie Wu, Futao Zhu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solve the formation control problem of anti-ship missiles, two approaches based on leader-followers were adopted. Leader-follower formation is a method that can control the behavior of the formation only with the behavior of leader missile, relative position between leader and followers and the control strategy of followers. This will simplify the cooperation of formation between the whole members. According to the relative position between leader-follower, the formation order was designed. Another one designed the control system based on the position of leader, followers and target. The control method can realize the formation by the simulation and …
Lpv Controller Design Of Wind Turbine Based On Double-Layer Convex Polyhedron, Xiaolin Zhang, Dinghui Wu, Song Jin, Zhicheng Ji
Lpv Controller Design Of Wind Turbine Based On Double-Layer Convex Polyhedron, Xiaolin Zhang, Dinghui Wu, Song Jin, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to solve the deviation in the process of linearized modeling, this method based on the double-layer convex polyhedron structure was proposed to design the linear varying parameter controller. The traditional model with scheduling variables was converted into the model with double-layer convex polyhedron structure. Combined with the gain scheduling technique and the linear matrix inequality method, the vertex controllers were constructed at the outer sphere convex polyhedron. The inner sphere convex polyhedron controllers were figured out according to the vertices controllers. The method was aimed to weakened the linear deviation, enhance the control effect of controller. The …
Thermal System Modeling Based On Entropy And Bp Neural Network, Hairong Sun, Wang Rui, Junya Geng
Thermal System Modeling Based On Entropy And Bp Neural Network, Hairong Sun, Wang Rui, Junya Geng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The real-time modeling is difficult on thermal system and the model precision is not high. The convergence rate of Neural Network (NN) decreases dramatically when there are too many inputs. The BP NN modeling method based on information entropy was proposed in which the attribute reduction based on the model of approximation decision entropy was used. Field data were preprocessed by the k-means clustering algorithm and the validity was then evaluated. The approximation decision entropy was used in attribute reduction of the inputs. And the nonlinear model was built by the training of BP NN. Eventually, the proposed method …
Research On Asymptotic Stability For Markovian Jumping Neural Network With Unknown Transition Probabilities, Lu Yang, Shujuan Yi, Weijian Ren, Jiandong Liu
Research On Asymptotic Stability For Markovian Jumping Neural Network With Unknown Transition Probabilities, Lu Yang, Shujuan Yi, Weijian Ren, Jiandong Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The analysis problem of asymptotic stability for a class of uncertain neural networks with Markovian jumping parameters and time delays was addressed. The general representative dynamic stochastic neural network model was established. The considered transition probabilities were assumed to be partially unknown. The parameter uncertainties were considered to be norm-bounded. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, by constructing a suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii function and using the stochastic analysis method, some sufficient criteria for the stability of discrete Markovian neural networks was derived. Through the Matlab LMI toolbox, solving a set of linear matrix inequalities to test criterion, the new criterion reduced …
Research On Adaptive Analysis For Battlefield Environment Voxel Model And Classification Method Of Volume Elements, Bingchuan Jiang, Wan Gang, Chengxiao Fan, Xia Qing
Research On Adaptive Analysis For Battlefield Environment Voxel Model And Classification Method Of Volume Elements, Bingchuan Jiang, Wan Gang, Chengxiao Fan, Xia Qing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the lack of battlefield environment modeling based on surface model, the whole elements and details of the battle-field environment were described. The fundamental conception and feature of the voxel and voxel model were discussed. The battle-field environment modeling and visualization like battle-filed terrestrial environment, weather environment, electromagnetic environment and ocean environment were analyzed and researched using the voxel model. The adaptability of each battlefield environment elements modeling was discussed using the Voxel model, and the elements were classified which were suitable with the voxel model. It is the basis for modeling and visualizing the battlefield environment elements using …
Particle Swarm Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm For Solving Circle Permutation Problem, Xiaoping Xu, Qiuqiu Zhu, Wang Feng
Particle Swarm Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm For Solving Circle Permutation Problem, Xiaoping Xu, Qiuqiu Zhu, Wang Feng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A particle swarm ant colony optimization algorithm of solving circle permutation problem was proposed. Based on the basis of analyzing relationship between circular permutation problem and traveling salesman problem, circular permutation problem was translated into traveling salesman problem, and it was further transformed into an optimization problem. In order to further improve the performance of the algorithm, here, four kinds of new scheme were proposed to solve circular permutation problem based on particle swarm ant colony optimization algorithm. In the simulation experiments, compared with the existing algorithm, the simulation results show that the proposed method is reasonable and feasible. …
Research Of Chinese Diphthongs Pronunciation Based On Diva Model, Shaobai Zhang, Yanli Chen, Liwen He
Research Of Chinese Diphthongs Pronunciation Based On Diva Model, Shaobai Zhang, Yanli Chen, Liwen He
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: DIVA (Directions Into Velocities of Articulators) is a kind of adaptive neural network model which is used to simulate and describe some associative functions in brain regions involved speech production and understanding. DIVA takes 29 essential English phonemes as its language background. Since the number of Chinese pronunciation phonemes is much larger than English and the pronunciation brain mechanisms of both also make a big difference, the adaptability of DIVA model for Chinese background has to be studied specially, in order that the model can read out the thinking processes in Chinese brain. Based on DIVA, the Chinese pronunciation …
Flower Pollination Algorithm With Invasive Weed Optimization, Huihui Xiao, Yanming Duan
Flower Pollination Algorithm With Invasive Weed Optimization, Huihui Xiao, Yanming Duan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to overcome the problems of easily relapsing into local extremum and low speed of convergence, a flower pollination algorithm with invaded weeds strategy was propsed. The algorithm generate dynamically populations, and creased the diversity and effectiveness of population by breeding, spatial diffusion and competition of invasive weeds. It could effectively avoid local optimum, enhance the capacity of global optimization, and improve the convergence speed. The comparison and analysis results of the 8 CEC2005 benchmark functions, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has the advantages of better global searching ability, faster convergence and more precise convergence …
Reconfigurable Rtgpu's Architecture And Simulation, Xiaopeng Cao, Jungang Han
Reconfigurable Rtgpu's Architecture And Simulation, Xiaopeng Cao, Jungang Han
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Although GPU has developed rapidly, the core still uses rasterization and it is a hard problem for the complex scene. The ray tracing can simulate the geometrical optics and get the better effect, but it needs the amounts of computing power. Thus, the characteristic of the ray tracing was studied and the new pipeline was designed. A dynamic reconfigurable hardware architecture (RTGPU) was put forward mapping the pipeline to it. A simulation platform was designed. According to results of experiments, more than 11x on RTGPU could be gained achieving the better performance than GPU.
Progressive Image Denoising Algorithm, Haiyang Li, Weiguo Cao, Shirui Li, Kelu Tao, Li Hua
Progressive Image Denoising Algorithm, Haiyang Li, Weiguo Cao, Shirui Li, Kelu Tao, Li Hua
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Currently almost all denoising algorithms are implemented by processing original noisy image itself simply, which could not enhance the performance further by combining original noisy image with the denoised image. To solve the problem, a framework of progressive image denoising method was proposed. The framework is based on the block matching and 3D collaborative filtering (BM3D) algorithm, which has the most remarkable denoising effect. It includes three layers and two fusions. Each layer is implemented by BM3D and denoises the fused image generated from the previous layers. Adequate statistical results show that under the same noise condition, our proposed …
Research On Chicken Swarm Optimization-Based Particle Filter, Jianchun Zhang, Fengju Kang, Hongtao Liang, Xu Hao
Research On Chicken Swarm Optimization-Based Particle Filter, Jianchun Zhang, Fengju Kang, Hongtao Liang, Xu Hao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solve the particle impoverishment caused by resampling in particle fileter (PF), the Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO) was integrated into the sampling phase of generic particle filter and an intelligent optimized particle filter of CSO was proposed. According to the weight of focused particles as the fitness, the type of each particle in the population and interrelation between each one was determined. Various designed mechanisms about individual movement were introduced to update the location. Moreover, the dynamical structure of particle population was utilized to overcome weakness of local optimum and improve the optimization. On the basis, particles moved towards …