Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

Gphcessay.Docx, Daryl Bagley

Daryl Bagley

No abstract provided.

The Prospect Of Human Spiritual Unity Through The Cosmic Story, Philip Novak

Philip Novak

Thomas Berry and Brian Swimme have noted that, “we seem to be moving beyond any religious expression so far known to the human into a meta-religious age that seems to be a new comprehensive context for all religions.” That “new comprehensive context” is of course now known as Big History -- a.k.a. the Evolutionary Epic, Universe Story, or New Cosmic Story—the astonishing contemporary synthesis of modern sciences that tells a coherent story of the evolution of the universe from the Big Bang 13.7 billion years ago to the present.

Yet with the notable exception of the writings of Berry and …

Plasma Transport At The Magnetospheric Boundary Due To Reconnection In Kelvin-Helmholtz Vortices, K. Nykyri, A. Otto

Katariina Nykyri

The Kelvin-Helmholtz( KH) mode has long been considered for viscous interaction at the magnetospheric boundary but it is not expected to produce significant mass transport. The presented results indicate that the Kelvin- Helmholtz instability can indeed cause a transfer of mass into the magnetotail during times of northward IMF. The vortex motion of KH waves can generate a strongly twisted magnetic field with multiple current layers. Magnetic reconnection in the strong current layers inside the vortices can detach high density plasma filaments from the magnetosheath. This may explain observed high density and low temperature filaments in the magnetosphere and the …

Influence Of The Hall Term On Kh Instability And Reconnection Inside Kh Vortices, K. Nykyri, A. Otto

Katariina Nykyri

The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) in its nonlinear stage can develop small-scale filamentary field and current structures at the flank boundaries of the magnetosphere. It has been shown previously with MHD simulations that magnetic reconnection can occur inside these narrow current layers, resulting in plasma transport from the solar wind into the magnetosphere. During periods of northward IMF, this transport is sufficient to generate a cold, dense plasma sheet on time scales consistent with satellite observations. However, when the length scales of these narrow current layers approach the ion inertia scale, the MHD approximation is not valid anymore and the Hall …

On The Origin Of Fluctuations In The Cusp Diamagnetic Cavity, K. Nykyri, A. Otto, E. Adamson, A. Tjulin

Katariina Nykyri

We have analyzed Cluster magnetic field and plasma data during high‐altitude cusp crossing on 14 February 2003. Cluster encountered a diamagnetic cavity (DMC) during northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions, and as IMF rotated southward, the spacecraft reencountered the cavity more at the sunward side. The DMC is characterized by a high level of magnetic field fluctuations and high‐energy electrons and protons. Ultralow‐frequency turbulence has been suggested as a mechanism to accelerate particles in DMC. We demonstrate in this paper for the first time that many of the low‐frequency fluctuations in the cavity are back and forth motion of the …

Cluster Observations Of Magnetic Field Fluctuations In The High-Altitude Cusp, K. Nykyri, P. J. Cargill, E. Lucek, T. Horbury, B. Lavraud, A. Balogh, M. W. Dunlop, Et Al.

Katariina Nykyri

High-resolution (22 vector/s) magnetic field data from Cluster FGM instrument are presented for the highaltitude cusp crossing on 17 March 2001. Despite the quiet solar wind conditions, the cusp was filled with magnetic field turbulence for much of the crossing. Large-scale fluctuations show some correlation between spacecraft but the higher frequency fluctuations show no correlation, indicating that the length scales of these waves are smaller than the spacecraft separation (500 km). In many intervals, there are clear peaks in the wave power around the ion cyclotron frequency (~1 Hz), and there is some evidence for waves at the first harmonic …

Ion Cyclotron Waves In The High Altitude Cusp: Cluster Observations At Varying Spacecraft Separations, K. Nykyri, P. J. Cargill, E. A. Lucek, T. S. Horbury, A. Balogh, B. Lavraud, I. Dandouras, H. Reme

Katariina Nykyri

We have analysed high-resolution Cluster magnetic field data during three high-altitude cusp crossings in 2001 and 2002. The Cluster separations for these crossings varied between 100 and 600 km and therefore provided an unique opportunity to study wave properties at different length scales. In the cusp Cluster sees frequent intervals of magnetic field fluctuations with clear peaks in power close to the local ion cyclotron frequency, and both left- and right-handed polarisations. At large separations the power seen at different spacecraft can differ by orders of magnitude. For smaller separations, the power seen at the four spacecraft agrees better but …

Origin Of The Turbulent Spectra In The High-Altitude Cusp: Cluster Spacecraft Observations, K. Nykyri, B. Grison, P. J. Cargill, B. Lavraud, E. Lucek, I. Dandouras, A. Balogh, N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin, H. Reme

Katariina Nykyri

High-resolution magnetic field data from Cluster Flux GateMagnetometer (FGM) and the Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Field Fluctuations (STAFF) instruments are used to study turbulent magnetic field fluctuations during the highaltitude cusp crossing on 17 March 2001. Despite the quiet solar wind conditions, the cusp was filled with magnetic field turbulence whose power correlates with the field-aligned ion plasma flux. The magnetic field wave spectra shows power law behavior with both double and single slopes with break in the spectra usually occurring in the vicinity of the local ion cyclotron frequency. Strong peaks in the wave power close to local ion cyclotron …

Cluster Encounters With The High Altitude Cusp: Boundary Structure And Magnetic Field Depletions, P. J. Cargill, M. W. Dunlop, B. Lavraud, R. C. Elphic, D. L. Holland, K. Nykyri, A. Balogh, I. Dandouras

Katariina Nykyri

Data from the four spacecraft Cluster mission during a high altitude cusp crossing on 13 February 2001 are presented. The spacecraft configuration has one leading spacecraft, with the three trailing spacecraft lying in a plane that corresponds roughly to the nominal magnetopause surface. The typical spacecraft separation is approximately 600 km. The encounter occurs under conditions of strong and steady southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). The cusp is identified as a seven-minute long depression in the magnetic field, associated with ion heating and a high abundance of He+. Cusp entry involves passage through a magnetopause boundary that has undergone very …

Cluster Observations Of Bow Shock Energetic Ion Transport Through The Magnetosheath Into The Cusp, K. J. Trattner, S. M. Petrinec, S. A. Fuselier, K. Nykyri, E. Kronberg

Katariina Nykyri

The observation of energetic particles by polar orbiting satellites in the magnetospheric cusp resulted in a controversy about their source region. It has been suggested that these cusp energetic particles (CEP) with significant fluxes from magnetosheath energies up to several hundred keV/e are accelerated locally in the cusp by the turbulence found in cusp diamagnetic cavities (CDC). As an alternative to the local acceleration region, the quasi‐parallel shock is successful as a source region for CEP events. Energetic ions accelerated at the bow shock can be transported downstream and enter the cusp along newly reconnected field lines. Composition and energy …