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Articles 4741 - 4770 of 10319
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
An Improved Singular Trudinger-Moser Inequality In Dimension Two, Anfeng Yuan, Zhiyong Huang
An Improved Singular Trudinger-Moser Inequality In Dimension Two, Anfeng Yuan, Zhiyong Huang
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^2$ be a smooth bounded domain and $W_0^{1,2}(\Omega)$ be the usual Sobolev space. Let $\beta$, $0\leq\beta1$, $$\lambda_{p,\beta}(\Omega)=\inf_{u\in W_0^{1,2}(\Omega),\,u\not\equiv 0}{\ \nabla u\ _2^2}/{\ u\ _{p,\beta}^2},$$ where $\ \cdot\ _2$ denotes the standard $L^2$-norm in $\Omega$ and $\ u\ _{p,\beta}=({\int_{\Omega} x ^{-\beta} u ^pdx})^{1/p}$. Suppose that $\gamma$ satisfies $\f{\gamma}{4\pi}+\f{\beta}{2}=1$. Using a rearrangement argument, the author proves that $$\sup_{u\in W_0^{1,2}(\Omega), \ \nabla u\ _2\leq 1}\int_{\Omega} x ^{-\beta}e^{\gamma u^2 \le(1+\alpha\ u\ _{p,\beta}^2\ri) }dx$$ is finite for any $\alpha$, $0\leq\alpha
On $*$-Commuting Mappings And Derivations In Rings With Involution, Nadeem Ahmad Dar, Shakir Ali
On $*$-Commuting Mappings And Derivations In Rings With Involution, Nadeem Ahmad Dar, Shakir Ali
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Let $R$ be a ring with involution $*$. A mapping $f:R\rightarrow R$ is said to be $*$-commuting on $R$ if $[f(x),x^*]=0$ holds for all $x\in R$. The purpose of this paper is to describe the structure of a pair of additive mappings that are $*$-commuting on a semiprime ring with involution. Furthermore, we study the commutativity of prime rings with involution satisfying any one of the following conditions: (i) $[d(x),d(x^*)]=0,$ (ii) $d(x)\circ d(x^*)=0$, (iii) $d([x,x^*])\pm [x,x^*]=0$ (iv) $d(x\circ x^*)\pm (x\circ x^*)=0,$ (v) $d([x,x^*])\pm (x\circ x^*)=0$, (vi) $d(x\circ x^*)\pm [x,x^*]=0$, where $d$ is a nonzero derivation of $R$. Finally, an example …
Overall Approach To Mizoguchi--Takahashi Type Fixed Point Results, Gülhan Minak, İshak Altun
Overall Approach To Mizoguchi--Takahashi Type Fixed Point Results, Gülhan Minak, İshak Altun
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this work, inspired by the recent technique of Jleli and Samet, we give a new generalization of the well-known Mizoguchi--Takahashi fixed point theorem, which is the closest answer to Reich's conjecture about the existence of fixed points of multivalued mappings on complete metric spaces. We also provide a nontrivial example showing that our result is a proper generalization of the Mizoguchi--Takahashi result.
On The Comaximal Ideal Graph Of A Commutative Ring, Mehrdad Azadi, Zeinab Jafari, Changiz Eslahchi
On The Comaximal Ideal Graph Of A Commutative Ring, Mehrdad Azadi, Zeinab Jafari, Changiz Eslahchi
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity. We use $\Gamma ( R )$ to denote the comaximal ideal graph. The vertices of $\Gamma ( R )$ are proper ideals of R that are not contained in the Jacobson radical of $R$, and two vertices $I$ and $J$ are adjacent if and only if $I + J = R$. In this paper we show some properties of this graph together with the planarity and perfection of $\Gamma ( R )$.
Generalized Bertrand Curves With Spacelike $\Left(1,3\Right) $-Normal Plane In Minkowski Space-Time, Ali̇ Uçum, Osman Keçi̇li̇oğlu, Kazim İlarslan
Generalized Bertrand Curves With Spacelike $\Left(1,3\Right) $-Normal Plane In Minkowski Space-Time, Ali̇ Uçum, Osman Keçi̇li̇oğlu, Kazim İlarslan
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this paper, we reconsider the $(1,3)$-Bertrand curves with respect to the casual characters of a $\left( 1,3\right) $-normal plane that is a plane spanned by the principal normal and the second binormal vector fields of the given curve. Here, we restrict our investigation of $(1,3)$-Bertrand curves to the spacelike $\left( 1,3\right) $-normal plane in Minkowski space-time. We obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the curves with spacelike $\left( 1,3\right) $-normal plane to be $(1,3)$-Bertrand curves and we give the related examples for these curves.
A Contribution To The Analysis Of A Reduction Algorithm For Groups With An Extraspecial Normal Subgroup, Abdullah Çağman, Nurullah Ankaralioğlu
A Contribution To The Analysis Of A Reduction Algorithm For Groups With An Extraspecial Normal Subgroup, Abdullah Çağman, Nurullah Ankaralioğlu
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Reduction algorithms are an important tool for understanding structural properties of groups. They play an important role in algorithms designed to investigate matrix groups over a finite field. One such algorithm was designed by Brooksbank et al. for members of the class $C_6$ in Aschbacher's theorem, namely groups $N$ that are normalizers in $GL(d,q)$ of certain absolutely irreducible symplectic-type $r$-groups $R$, where $r$ is a prime and $d=r^n$ with $n>2$. However, the analysis of this algorithm has only been completed when $d=r^2$ and when $d=r^n$ and $n>2$, in the latter case under the condition that $G/RZ(G)\cong N/RZ(N)$. We …
Anti-Invariant Riemannian Submersions From Kenmotsu Manifolds Onto Riemannian Manifolds, Ayşe Beri̇, İrem Küpeli̇ Erken, Cengi̇zhan Murathan
Anti-Invariant Riemannian Submersions From Kenmotsu Manifolds Onto Riemannian Manifolds, Ayşe Beri̇, İrem Küpeli̇ Erken, Cengi̇zhan Murathan
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
The purpose of this paper is to study anti-invariant Riemannian submersions from Kenmotsu manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. Several fundamental results in this respect are proved. The integrability of the distributions and the geometry of foliations are investigated. We proved the nonexistence of (anti-invariant) Riemannian submersions from Kenmotsu manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds such that the characteristic vector field $\xi $ is a vertical vector field. We gave a method to get horizontally conformal submersion examples from warped product manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. Furthermore, we presented an example of anti-invariant Riemannian submersions in the case where the characteristic vector field $\xi $ …
Crystal Dynamics Of Zinc Chalcogenides Iii: An Application To Znte, Jay Prakash Dubey, Raj Kishor Tiwari, Kripa Shankar Upadhyaya, Pramod Kumar Pandey
Crystal Dynamics Of Zinc Chalcogenides Iii: An Application To Znte, Jay Prakash Dubey, Raj Kishor Tiwari, Kripa Shankar Upadhyaya, Pramod Kumar Pandey
Turkish Journal of Physics
We report the results of a theoretical study on phonon dispersion curves (PDCs) along the three principal symmetry directions, Debye temperature variation, combined density of states (CDS) curves, two-phonon Raman/IR peaks, and anharmonic elastic properties (third order elastic constants and their pressure derivatives) of ZnTe. This new van der Waals three-body force rigid shell model (VTRSM) incorporates the effect of van der Waals interactions and three-body interactions into the rigid shell model of zinc blende structure, where the short range interactions are operative up to the second neighbors. Our results are in good agreement with the available measured data for …
The Magnetic Properties Of A Quantum Dot In A Magnetic Field, Ayham Shaer, Mohammad Elsaid, Musa Elhasan
The Magnetic Properties Of A Quantum Dot In A Magnetic Field, Ayham Shaer, Mohammad Elsaid, Musa Elhasan
Turkish Journal of Physics
We calculate the magnetization and susceptibility of two interacting electrons confined in a quantum dot presented in a magnetic field by solving the Hamiltonian using the exact diagonalization method. We investigate the dependence of the magnetization and susceptibility on temperature, magnetic field, and confining frequency. The singlet-triplet transitions in the ground state of the quantum dot spectra and the corresponding jumps in the magnetization curves are shown. The comparisons show that our results are in very good agreement with reported works.
Properties Of Asymmetric Semiinfinite Nuclear Systems In The Extended Thomas-Fermi Model, Mohamed Abdalla
Properties Of Asymmetric Semiinfinite Nuclear Systems In The Extended Thomas-Fermi Model, Mohamed Abdalla
Turkish Journal of Physics
We start from the energy density of the Skyrme interaction and perform a leptodermous expansion for an asymmetric semiinfinite nuclear system. We get a liquid drop model formula for the energy of such a system. We use the obtained analytic formulae for volume, surface, and curvature energies to study the properties of asymmetric nuclear systems. We also study the effect of the asymmetry parameter on the volume, surface, and curvature properties.
A Comparative Study Of The Electronic Properties Of Aluminum Nitride Compounds, Rezek Mohammad, Şenay Katircioğlu
A Comparative Study Of The Electronic Properties Of Aluminum Nitride Compounds, Rezek Mohammad, Şenay Katircioğlu
Turkish Journal of Physics
Electronic properties of aluminum nitride in wurtzite, zinc-blende, and rock-salt phases are investigated by a full potential-linearized augmented plane waves method based on density functional theory within standard local density approximation and its four improved versions. Local density approximation corrected by the generalized gradient functional of Perdew-Wang-Engel-Vosko is found to be more successful than the other generalized gradient functional approximations considered in this work for providing reasonable lattice constants, energy gaps, effective electron and hole masses, and optical features for AlN phases. Although local density approximation corrected by modified Becke-Johnson potential underestimates the static dielectric constants, it provides the largest …
An Approach Based On Neural Computation To Simulate Transition Metals Using Tight Binding Measurements, Adel Belayadi, Boualem Bourahla, Leila Ait-Gougam, Fawzia Mekideche-Chafa
An Approach Based On Neural Computation To Simulate Transition Metals Using Tight Binding Measurements, Adel Belayadi, Boualem Bourahla, Leila Ait-Gougam, Fawzia Mekideche-Chafa
Turkish Journal of Physics
A theoretical study of neural networks modeling, based on the tight binding approach, is proposed in this study. The aim of the present contribution is to establish a network topology to compute the binding energy parameters of transition metals. However, because of the different types of crystallization fcc, bcc, hcp, and sc of transition metals, neural network topology determination cannot be easily established, i.e. it would not be able to collect the data to feed the neurocomputing model. Hence, in order to overcome this problem, it would be helpful to distinguish one common structure from fcc, bcc, hcp, and sc. …
Validity Of Ehrenfest's Theorem For Generalizedfields Of Dyons, Gaurav Karnatak, Praveen Singh Bisht, Om Prakash Singh Negi
Validity Of Ehrenfest's Theorem For Generalizedfields Of Dyons, Gaurav Karnatak, Praveen Singh Bisht, Om Prakash Singh Negi
Turkish Journal of Physics
The validity of Ehrenfest's theorem with its classical correspondence has been justified for the manifestly covariant equations of dyons. We have also developed accordingly the Lagrangian formulation for electromagnetic fields in a minimum coupled source giving rise to conserved current of dyons. Applying the Gupta subsidiary condition we have extended the validity of the Ehrenfest's theorem for $U\left(1\right)\times U\left(1\right)$ Abelian gauge theory of dyons. It is shown that the expectation value of the quantum equation of motion reproduces the classical equation of motion, which is the generalized form of Ehrenfest's theorem in quantum field theory.
Recursion Formula For The Green's Function Of A Hamiltonian For Several Types Of Dirac Delta-Function Potentials In Curved Spaces, Fati̇h Erman
Turkish Journal of Physics
In this short article, we nonperturbatively derive a recursive formula for the Green's function associated with finitely many point Dirac delta potentials in one dimension. We extend this formula to the one for the Dirac delta potentials supported by regular curves embedded in two-dimensional manifolds and for the Dirac delta potentials supported by two-dimensional compact manifolds embedded in three-dimensional manifolds. Finally, this formulation allows us to find the recursive formula of the Green's function for the point Dirac delta potentials in two- and three-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, where the renormalization of coupling constant is required.
Note On The Divisoriality Of Domains Of The Form $K[[X^{P}, X^{Q}]]$, $K[X^{P}, X^{Q}]$, $K[[X^{P}, X^{Q}, X^{R}]]$, And $K[X^{P}, X^{Q}, X^{R}]$, Abdeslam Mimouni
Note On The Divisoriality Of Domains Of The Form $K[[X^{P}, X^{Q}]]$, $K[X^{P}, X^{Q}]$, $K[[X^{P}, X^{Q}, X^{R}]]$, And $K[X^{P}, X^{Q}, X^{R}]$, Abdeslam Mimouni
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Let $k$ be a field and $X$ an indeterminate over $k$. In this note we prove that the domain $k[[X^{p}, X^{q}]]$ (resp. $k[X^{p}, X^{q}]$) where $p, q$ are relatively prime positive integers is always divisorial but $k[[X^{p}, X^{q}, X^{r}]]$ (resp. $k[X^{p}, X^{q}, X^{r}]$) where $p, q, r$ are positive integers is not. We also prove that $k[[X^{q}, X^{q+1}, X^{q+2}]]$ (resp. $k[X^{q}, X^{q+1}, X^{q+2}]$) is divisorial if and only if $q$ is even. These are very special cases of well-known results on semigroup rings, but our proofs are mainly concerned with the computation of the dual (equivalently the inverse) of the …
On The Twisted Modules For Finite Matrix Groups, Kübra Gül, Nurullah Ankaralioğlu
On The Twisted Modules For Finite Matrix Groups, Kübra Gül, Nurullah Ankaralioğlu
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Suppose that $W$ is an irreducible $F_{q}G$-module of dimension $n$ $% (d^{2}
A Note On Gorenstein Projective Complexes, Bo Lu, Liu Zhongkui
A Note On Gorenstein Projective Complexes, Bo Lu, Liu Zhongkui
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
As we know, a complex $Q$ is projective if and only if $Q$ is exact and $\mathrm{Z}_n(Q)$ is projective in $R$-$\mathrm{Mod}$ for each $n\in\mathbb{Z}$. In this article, we show that a complex $G$ is Gorenstein projective with Hom$_R(P,G)$ and Hom$_R(G,P)$ exact for any Cartan--Eilenberg projective complex $P$ if and only if $G$ is exact and $\mathrm{Z}_n(G)$ is Gorenstein projective in $R$-$\mathrm{Mod}$ for each $n\in\mathbb{Z}$. Using the above result, a new equivalent characterization of some $\mathcal{A}$ complexes is obtained.
Weakly $2$-Absorbing Submodules Of Modules, Sedigheh Moradi, Abdulrasool Azizi
Weakly $2$-Absorbing Submodules Of Modules, Sedigheh Moradi, Abdulrasool Azizi
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Let $M$ be a module over a commutative ring $R.$ A proper submodule $N$ of $M$ is called weakly $2$-absorbing, if for $r,s\in R$ and $x\in M$ with $0\neq rsx\in N,$ either $rs\in (N:M)$ or $rx\in N$ or $sx\in N.$ We study the behavior of $(N:M)$ and $\sqrt{(N:M)},$ when $N$ is weakly $2$-absorbing. The weakly $2$-absorbing submodules when $R=R_1\oplus R_2$ are characterized. Moreover we characterize the faithful modules whose proper submodules are all weakly $2$-absorbing.
The Sharpening Hölder Inequality Via Abstract Convexity, Gülteki̇n Tinaztepe
The Sharpening Hölder Inequality Via Abstract Convexity, Gülteki̇n Tinaztepe
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this work, a new inequality by sharpening the well-known Hölder inequality by means of a theorem based on abstract convexity is derived.
Problems In Matricially Derived Solid Banach Sequence Spaces, Peter D. Johnson, Faruk Polat
Problems In Matricially Derived Solid Banach Sequence Spaces, Peter D. Johnson, Faruk Polat
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Let $\mathbb{F}^\mathbb{N}$ denote the vector space of all scalar sequences. If $A$ is an infinite matrix with nonnegative entries and $\lambda$ is a solid subspace of $\mathbb{F}^\mathbb{N}$, then $ sol-A^{-1}(\lambda)=\{x\in \mathbb{F}^\mathbb{N} : A x \in \lambda\} $ is also a solid subspace of $\mathbb{F}^\mathbb{N}$ that, under certain conditions on $A$ and $\lambda$, inherits a solid topological vector space topology from any such topology on $\lambda$. Letting $\Lambda_0=\lambda$ and $\Lambda_m=sol-A^{-1}(\Lambda_{m-1})$ for $m>0$, we derive an infinite sequence $\Lambda_0, \Lambda_1, \Lambda_2,...$ of solid subspaces of $\mathbb{F}^\mathbb{N}$ from the inputs $A$ and $\lambda$. For $A$ and $\lambda$ confined to certain classes, we …
Combining Euclidean And Adequate Rings, Huanyin Chen, Marjan Sheibani
Combining Euclidean And Adequate Rings, Huanyin Chen, Marjan Sheibani
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
We combine Euclidean and adequate rings, and introduce a new type of ring. A ring $R$ is called an E-adequate ring provided that for any $a,b\in R$ such that $aR+bR=R$ and $c\neq 0$ there exists $y\in R$ such that $(a+by,c)$ is an E-adequate pair. We shall prove that an E-adequate ring is an elementary divisor ring if and only if it is a Hermite ring. Elementary matrix reduction over such rings is also studied. We thereby generalize Domsha, Vasiunyk, and Zabavsky's theorems to a much wider class of rings.
Existence And Nonexistence Of Sign-Changing Solutions To Elliptic Critical Equations, Mokhless Hammami, Houria Ismail
Existence And Nonexistence Of Sign-Changing Solutions To Elliptic Critical Equations, Mokhless Hammami, Houria Ismail
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
We consider the nonlinear equation $ -\Delta u = u ^{p-1}u -\varepsilon u \quad \mbox{in } \Omega , u =0 \quad \mbox{on } \partial \Omega ,$ where $\Omega $ is a smooth bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$, $n \geq 4$, $ \varepsilon$ is a small positive parameter, and $p=(n+2)/(n-2)$. We study the existence of sign-changing solutions that concentrate at some points of the domain. We prove that this problem has no solutions with one positive and one negative bubble. Furthermore, for a family of solutions with exactly two positive bubbles and one negative bubble, we prove that the limits of the …
$H$-Admissible Fourier Integral Operators, Chafika Amel Aitemrar, Abderrahmane Senoussaoui
$H$-Admissible Fourier Integral Operators, Chafika Amel Aitemrar, Abderrahmane Senoussaoui
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
We study in this work a class of $h$-admissible Fourier integral operators. These operators are bounded (respectively compact) in $L^{2}$ if the weight of the amplitude is bounded (respectively tends to 0).
Uniqueness Of $P(F)$ And $P[F]$, Kuldeep Singh Charak, Banarsi Lal
Uniqueness Of $P(F)$ And $P[F]$, Kuldeep Singh Charak, Banarsi Lal
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Let $f$ be a nonconstant meromorphic function, $a (\not\equiv 0, \infty)$ be a meromorphic function satisfying $T(r,a) = o(T(r,f))$ as $r \rightarrow \infty$, and $p(z)$ be a polynomial of degree $n \geq 1$ with $p(0) = 0$. Let $P[f]$ be a nonconstant differential polynomial of $f$. Under certain essential conditions, we prove that $p(f) \equiv P[f]$, when $p(f)$ and $P[f]$ share $a$ with weight $l \geq 0$. Our result generalizes the results due to Zhang and L$\ddot{\text{u}}$, Banerjee and Majumdar, and Bhoosnurmath and Kabbur and answers a question asked by Zhang and L$\ddot{\text{u}}$.
Some Topological Properties Of The Spaces Of Almost Null Andalmost Convergent Double Sequences, Medi̇ne Yeşi̇lkayagi̇l, Feyzi̇ Başar
Some Topological Properties Of The Spaces Of Almost Null Andalmost Convergent Double Sequences, Medi̇ne Yeşi̇lkayagi̇l, Feyzi̇ Başar
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Let $\mathcal{C}_{f_0}$ and $\mathcal{C}_{f}$ denote the spaces of almost null and almost convergent double sequences, respectively. We show that $\mathcal{C}_{f_0}$ and $\mathcal{C}_{f}$ are BDK-spaces, barreled and bornological, but they are not monotone and so not solid. Additionally, we establish that both of the spaces $\mathcal{C}_{f_0}$ and $\mathcal{C}_{f}$ include the space $\mathcal{BS}$ of bounded double series.
Further Results On Edge - Odd Graceful Graphs, Mohammed Seoud, Maher Salim
Further Results On Edge - Odd Graceful Graphs, Mohammed Seoud, Maher Salim
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
wheel $W_n$, for $n\equiv 1,\ 2$ and $3\ mod\ 4$; $C_n\bigodot\bar{K}_{2m-1}$; even helms; $P_n\bigodot\bar{K}_{2m}$ and $K_{2,s}$. Also we present two theorems of non edge - odd graceful graphs and an idea to label complete graphs.
The Reversibility Problem For A Family Of Two-Dimensional Cellular Automata, Mehmet Emi̇n Köroğlu, İrfan Şi̇ap, Hasan Akin
The Reversibility Problem For A Family Of Two-Dimensional Cellular Automata, Mehmet Emi̇n Köroğlu, İrfan Şi̇ap, Hasan Akin
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this paper the reversibility problem of a family of two-dimensional cellular automata is completely resolved. It is well known that the reversibility problem is a very difficult one in general. In order to determine whether a cellular automaton is reversible or not the reversibility of its rule matrix is studied via linear algebraic tools. However, in this particular study the authors consider a novel approach. By observing the algebraic structures of rule matrices that represent these families and associating them with polynomials in two variables in a quotient ring, the solution to the reversibility problem is simplified greatly. Hence, …
Heuristic Methods For Postoutage Voltage Magnitude Calculations, Oğuzhan Ceylan, Aydoğan Özdemi̇r, Hasan Dağ
Heuristic Methods For Postoutage Voltage Magnitude Calculations, Oğuzhan Ceylan, Aydoğan Özdemi̇r, Hasan Dağ
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Power systems play a significant role in every aspect of our daily lives. Hence, their continuation without any interruption (or with the least duration of interruption due to faults or scheduled maintenances) is one of the key aims of electrical energy providers. As a result, electrical energy providers need to check in great detail the integrity of their power systems by performing regular contingency studies of the equipment involved. Among others, line and transformer outage simulations constitute an integral part of an electrical management system. Both accuracy and calculation speed depend on the branch outage model and/or the solution algorithms …
Behavior Learning Of A Memristor-Based Chaotic Circuit By Extreme Learning Machines, Ayşegül Uçar, Emrehan Yavşan
Behavior Learning Of A Memristor-Based Chaotic Circuit By Extreme Learning Machines, Ayşegül Uçar, Emrehan Yavşan
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
As the behavior of a chaotic Chua's circuit is nonstationary and inherently noisy, it is regarded as one of the most challenging applications. One of the fundamental problems in the prediction of the behavior of a chaotic Chua's circuit is to model the circuit with high accuracy. The current paper presents a novel method based on multiple extreme learning machine (ELM) models to learn the chaotic behavior of the four elements canonical Chua's circuit containing a memristor instead of a nonlinear resistor only by using the state variables as the input. In the proposed method four ELM models are used …
Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis Of Gabor Features For Online Palmprint Verification, Murat Eki̇nci̇, Murat Aykut
Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis Of Gabor Features For Online Palmprint Verification, Murat Eki̇nci̇, Murat Aykut
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
We propose an online palmprint identification and verification algorithm with the use of kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (KFD) on the Gabor wavelet representation of palm images. Desirable palm features are derived by Gabor wavelets on the palm region. The KFD method is then employed to extract higher order relations among the Gabor-palm images for palmprint recognition. As a real-world application, the proposed algorithm was adapted into a novel online palmprint verification system that was employed in a student laboratory for 3 months. The feasibility of the Gabor-based KFD method was successfully tested on our proposed online palmprint system and on …