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Articles 8911 - 8940 of 10317
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Theory Of Antisymmetric Tensor Fields, Valeri Dvoeglazov
Theory Of Antisymmetric Tensor Fields, Valeri Dvoeglazov
Turkish Journal of Physics
It has long been claimed that the antisymmetric tensor field of the second rank is pure longitudinal after quantization. In my opinion, such a situation is quite unacceptable. I repeat the well-known procedure of the derivation of the set of Proca equations. It is shown that it can be written in various forms. Furthermore, on the basis of the Lagrangian formalism I calculate dynamical invariants (including the Pauli-Lubanski vector of relativistic spin for this field). Even on the classical level, the Pauli-Lubanski vector can be equal to zero after applications of well-known constraints. The importance of the normalization is pointed …
Development Of Double Discharge Pulsed Electron Beam Generator And Its Preliminary Applications In Material Processing, Hi̇lal Göktaş, Gulay Oke, Mircea Udrea
Development Of Double Discharge Pulsed Electron Beam Generator And Its Preliminary Applications In Material Processing, Hi̇lal Göktaş, Gulay Oke, Mircea Udrea
Turkish Journal of Physics
This article presents the construction of a fast, intense electron beam generator, several of its operational properties and its preliminary applications. A fast filamentary discharge produced in a tube filled with Argon gas at pressure of about 0.1 torr. An electron beam is obtained with a current intensity of about 0.6 A for a 25 ns duration. The length of the filamentary discharge and the behavior of the beam in the magnetic field are examined. The interaction of the beam with different targets was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope. It is also demonstrated that the device can be used to …
Interaction Integrals Of Extended Bodies And Convolution/Folding Operation, Şule Kehnemi̇, R. Ömür Akyüz
Interaction Integrals Of Extended Bodies And Convolution/Folding Operation, Şule Kehnemi̇, R. Ömür Akyüz
Turkish Journal of Physics
The convolution, or folding, theorem related to Fourier transforms is applied to the evaluation of interaction integrals of certain extended bodies for the specific purpose of nuclear applications The integrals give analytical results for a class of functions when chosen from among uniform sharp and leptodermous spheres, delta-points, Yukawa, and Coulomb shapes. Such shapes are convenient to use as models for source density and point-point interaction.
On Complex Permittivity Of Dilute Random Binary Dielectric Mixtures In Two-Dimensions, Eni̇s Tuncer, Emre Tuncer
On Complex Permittivity Of Dilute Random Binary Dielectric Mixtures In Two-Dimensions, Eni̇s Tuncer, Emre Tuncer
Turkish Journal of Physics
Influence of the number of particles considered in numerical simulations on the complex dielectric permittivity of binary dilute dielectric mixtures in two-dimensions are reported. In the simulations, dodecagons (polygons with 12-sides) were used to mimic disk-shaped inclusions. Using such an approach we were able to consider 16^2 particles in a unit-square. The effective dielectric permittivity of the mixtures were calculated using the finite element method at two different frequecies which were much higher and lower than the characteristic relaxation rate of the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars polarization. The results were compared to an analytical solution. It was found that the permittivity values at …
Electrical Characteristics Of Si Doped With Sb By Laser Annealing, Raid A. Ismail, Aseel A. Hadi
Electrical Characteristics Of Si Doped With Sb By Laser Annealing, Raid A. Ismail, Aseel A. Hadi
Turkish Journal of Physics
Laser induced diffusion of antimony in silicon was obtained using a Nd:YAG pulsed laser. The irradiation of antimony-coated silicon by laser beam allowed melting and diffusion of antimony inside the silicon. Diodes were fabricated. Laser beam energy and substrate temperature played a major role in electrical sheet conductivity I-V, and C-V characteristics of the fabricated diodes. High laser energy reduced the electrical sheet conductivity and dominated the recombination current due to the generation-recombination process and trapping centers. On the other hand, the diffusion current dominated for diodes fabricated under heating conditions of the sample during laser irradiation. The C-V measurements …
Microwave Signal Attenuation In Harmattan Weather Along Calabar-Akampkpa Line-Of-Sight Link, O. E. Eyo, A. I. Menkiti, Sunday O. Udo
Microwave Signal Attenuation In Harmattan Weather Along Calabar-Akampkpa Line-Of-Sight Link, O. E. Eyo, A. I. Menkiti, Sunday O. Udo
Turkish Journal of Physics
Line-of-sight (LOS) attenuation at 6.44GHz was measured at Calabar (4° 58' N, 8° 17' E) for ten months (Aug '93-May '94) using the Nigerian Telecommunications radio signal. The measurement was made with the intent of highlighting microwave signal attenuation in Harmattan weather conditions. The results are presented in terms of mean signal level and fog attenuation, fade rate distribution, fade depth distribution and scintillation index. The observed attenuation values due to Harmattan (fog) and the calculated (using Altshuler's model) are in fairly good agreement. Also, the statistics of fade distribution show fast fading of longer duration of the order of …
Relationship Between Global Solar Radiation And Sunshine Duration For Onne, Nigeria, Louis E. Akpabio, Sunday E. Etuk
Relationship Between Global Solar Radiation And Sunshine Duration For Onne, Nigeria, Louis E. Akpabio, Sunday E. Etuk
Turkish Journal of Physics
Measurements of global solar radiation and sunshine duration data during the period from 1984 to 1999 at Onne (within the rainforest climatic zone of southern Nigeria) were used to establish an Angstrom-type correlation equation. Five other commonly used correlations between global solar radiation and sunshine duration were also used to estimate global solar irradiation for Onne and their results are compared with our model. A good agreement (greater than 90% in most cases) was observed between the measured and the predicted values of our model.
Fourth Sm Family Manifestations At Clic, R. Çi̇ftçi̇, A. K. Çi̇ftçi̇, Erdal Recepoğlu, Saleh Sultansoy
Fourth Sm Family Manifestations At Clic, R. Çi̇ftçi̇, A. K. Çi̇ftçi̇, Erdal Recepoğlu, Saleh Sultansoy
Turkish Journal of Physics
The latest electroweak precision data allow the existence of additional chiral generations in the standard model. We study prospects of search for the fourth standard model family fermions and quarkonia at e^{+}e^{-} and \gamma \gamma options of CLIC. It is shown that CLIC will be powerfull machine for discovery and investigation of both fourth family leptons and quarkonia. Moreover, the formation of the fourth family quarkonia will give a new opportunity to investigate Higgs boson properties.
Study Of The Structure And Some Physical Properties Of Sodium-Boro-Phosphate Glasses Containing Antimony And Iron Oxides, Karam Abdel-Aati̇ Ali, Ahmet Gamal El-Din Mostafa
Study Of The Structure And Some Physical Properties Of Sodium-Boro-Phosphate Glasses Containing Antimony And Iron Oxides, Karam Abdel-Aati̇ Ali, Ahmet Gamal El-Din Mostafa
Turkish Journal of Physics
Boro-phosphate glasses containing transition metal oxides are of special interest. Hence, some sodium-Boro-phosphate glasses containing iron and antimony oxides were prepared and investigated. The structural investigation indicated the presence of different borate groups as well as tetragonal phosphate units. Most of the iron cations were found to occupy the low spin Fe^{3 +} in the tetrahedral coordination state. It was observed that some antimony act as network former cations and some others act as bridges between any two adjacent polyhedra. At high antimony oxide content, the formation of some Sb-Fe bonds was also detected. The magnetic susceptibility measurements showed a …
Extragalactic Objects In Basle Fields, Selçuk Bi̇li̇r, Yüksel Karataş, Serap Ak
Extragalactic Objects In Basle Fields, Selçuk Bi̇li̇r, Yüksel Karataş, Serap Ak
Turkish Journal of Physics
We discriminated between the extragalactic objects (galaxies and quasars) and stars for Basle star fields, Plaut I, SA 54, and SA 82 by comparing Basle fields and APS POSS I finder charts. Their numbers are 187, 70, and 93 for Plaut I, SA 54, and SA 82, respectively. Most of these objects are apparently faint in V, and they cause an overestimated local luminosity function for absolutely faint magnitudes, M(V) > 5. This effect is more conspicious for the field Plaut I.
Microwave Rotational Components Of The \Nu_9= 1 And \Nu _{10} = 2 Vibrational Modes Of ^{13}Ch_{3}Cch Molecule In The Range 16 -- 50 Ghz, Mohammad Al-Share, J. A. Roberts
Microwave Rotational Components Of The \Nu_9= 1 And \Nu _{10} = 2 Vibrational Modes Of ^{13}Ch_{3}Cch Molecule In The Range 16 -- 50 Ghz, Mohammad Al-Share, J. A. Roberts
Turkish Journal of Physics
Some rotational components have been measured in the ground, the \nu _9 = 1 and the \nu _{10} = 2 vibrational states for ^{13}CH_3CCH isotopic species in the frequency range 16--50 GHz. A set of rotational constants has been determined, which gives the best fit between the observed and the calculated frequencies, for each vibrational state. A Fermi resonance was found between these two states.
Studies On Some Lithium-Borate Glasses Containing Iron And Copper, G. A. Yahya
Studies On Some Lithium-Borate Glasses Containing Iron And Copper, G. A. Yahya
Turkish Journal of Physics
A lithium-borate-glass system containing iron and copper cations has been thoroughly investigated, in order to obtain information about the structural role of both the iron and copper in such glass hosts. The amorphous phase of the prepared glass samples was confirmed from their X-ray diffraction. From the infrared spectra it was concluded that the glass networks are highly deformed and boron appeared in both tri- and tetra-hedral coordination states as well as in some ring structure. As copper was introduced, replacing lithium, it acts as a network modifier only while the iron acts as network former (FeO_4). The molar magnetic …
Esr Studies Of A Quartz Single Crystal From The Menderes Massif-Turkey, Ülkü Ulusoy
Esr Studies Of A Quartz Single Crystal From The Menderes Massif-Turkey, Ülkü Ulusoy
Turkish Journal of Physics
In a recent work, quartz single crystal extracted from the pegmatitic vein in the Menderes Massif (Western Turkey) was investigated and the most recent geological events of the sample was dated using Al centers by ESR (electron spin resonance) techniques. The estimated age of 1.8 \pm 0.5 My agree with neither the previous age evaluated to be 12 My by using isotopic dating techniques nor the lifetimes of these centers in the sample. It was suggested that the thermal or geothermal stressing history of the metamorphic region must have changed the apparent ESR age several cycles in this period. The …
Photoelectrochemical Properties Of Cdse:Sb Thin Film Based Solar Cells: Influence Of Electrode Thickness, Elahipasha U. Masumdar, L. P. Deshmukh
Photoelectrochemical Properties Of Cdse:Sb Thin Film Based Solar Cells: Influence Of Electrode Thickness, Elahipasha U. Masumdar, L. P. Deshmukh
Turkish Journal of Physics
CdSe:Sb (0.1 mol%) thin films of varying thicknesses (423--1838 nm) have been deposited onto the glass and stainless steel substrates in an alkaline medium (pH = 10) using a solution growth technique. The photoelectrochemical activities of these films have been examined using CdSe:Sb (0.1 mol%)/0.25 M NaOH - 0.25M Na_2S- 0.25M S/graphite cell configuration. The films were characterized under illumination of 20 mW/cm^2} intensity to evaluate various cell parameters such as \eta, ff, R_s, R_{sh} etc. It is found that the efficiency \eta and fill factor ff increased from 0.24% to 0.45%, and 51% to 52.9%, respectively, with increase in …
Electrical, Optical, Structural And Morphological Properties Of Nis Films, Ferhunde Atay, Sali̇h Köse, Vi̇ldan Bi̇lgi̇n, İdri̇s Akyüz
Electrical, Optical, Structural And Morphological Properties Of Nis Films, Ferhunde Atay, Sali̇h Köse, Vi̇ldan Bi̇lgi̇n, İdri̇s Akyüz
Turkish Journal of Physics
The electrical, optical, structural and morphological properties of NiS films are less studied than other materials such as CdS, CdTe, ZnS, ZnO, CdO etc. Our aim in this work is to deposit NiS films, examine some of their physical properties and investigate their suitability for photovoltaic devices. NiS films were deposited onto glass substrates at a substrate temperature of 300 \pm 5 °C using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique. The variations of temperature-dependent conductivity under the conditions of light and dark were investigated and it was seen that illumination reduces conductivity. The activation energy for the doped region and …
Phase Measurements In Aharonov-Bohm Interferometers, Amnon Aharony, Ora Entin-Wohlman, Yoseph Imry
Phase Measurements In Aharonov-Bohm Interferometers, Amnon Aharony, Ora Entin-Wohlman, Yoseph Imry
Turkish Journal of Physics
In this paper we address measurements of the resonant quantum transmission amplitude t_{QD} = -i t_{QD} e^{i\alpha_{QD}} through a quantum dot (QD), as function of the plunger gate voltage V. Mesoscopic solid state Aharonov-Bohm interferometers (ABI) have been used to measure the ``intrinsic" phase, \alpha_{QD}, when the QD is placed on one of the paths. In a ``closed" interferometer, connected to two terminals, the electron current is conserved, and Onsager's relations require that the conductance G through the ABI is an even function of the magnetic flux \Phi = \hbar c\phi/e threading the ABI ring. Therefore, if one fits G …
Dephasing Of Entangled Electron-Hole Pairs In A Degenerate Electron Gas, J. L. Van Velsen, M. Kindermann, C. W. J. Beenakker
Dephasing Of Entangled Electron-Hole Pairs In A Degenerate Electron Gas, J. L. Van Velsen, M. Kindermann, C. W. J. Beenakker
Turkish Journal of Physics
A tunnel barrier in a degenerate electron gas was recently discovered as a source of entangled electron-hole pairs. Here, we investigate the loss of entanglement by dephasing. We calculate both the maximal violation E_{max} of the Bell inequality and the degree of entanglement (concurrence) C. If the initially maximally entangled electron-hole pair is in a Bell state, then the Bell inequality is violated for arbitrary strong dephasing. The same relation E_{max} = 2 \sqrt{1 + C^2} then holds as in the absence of dephasing. More generally, for a maximally entangled superposition of Bell states, the Bell inequality is satisfied for …
Decoherence In Ballistic Mesoscopic Interferometers, Georg Seelig, Sebastian Pilgram, Markus Büttiker
Decoherence In Ballistic Mesoscopic Interferometers, Georg Seelig, Sebastian Pilgram, Markus Büttiker
Turkish Journal of Physics
We provide a theoretical explanation for two recent experiments on decoherence of Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in two- and multi-terminal ballistic rings. We consider decoherence due to charge fluctuations and emphasize the role of charge exchange between the system and the reservoir or nearby gates. A time-dependent scattering matrix approach is shown to be a convenient tool for the discussion of decoherence in ballistic conductors.
Qce: A Simulator For Quantum Computer Hardware, Kristel Michielsen, Hans De Raedt
Qce: A Simulator For Quantum Computer Hardware, Kristel Michielsen, Hans De Raedt
Turkish Journal of Physics
The Quantum Computer Emulator (QCE) described in this paper consists of a simulator of a generic, general purpose quantum computer and a graphical user interface. The latter is used to control the simulator, to define the hardware of the quantum computer and to debug and execute quantum algorithms. QCE runs in a Windows 98/NT/2000/ME/XP environment. It can be used to validate designs of physically realizable quantum processors and as an interactive educational tool to learn about quantum computers and quantum algorithms. A detailed exposition is given of the implementation of the CNOT and the Toffoli gate, the quantum Fourier transform, …
Adiabatic Quantum Pumping Of Coherent Electrons, Ora Entin-Wohlman, Amnon Aharony, Vyacheslavs Kashcheyevs
Adiabatic Quantum Pumping Of Coherent Electrons, Ora Entin-Wohlman, Amnon Aharony, Vyacheslavs Kashcheyevs
Turkish Journal of Physics
We review recent theoretical calculations of charge transfer through mesoscopic devices in response to slowly-oscillating, spatially-confined, potentials. The discussion is restricted to non-interacting electrons, and emphasizes the role of quantum interference and resonant transmission in producing almost integer values (in units of the electronic charge e) of the charge transmitted per cycle, Q. The expression for the pumped charge is derived from a systematic expansion of the system scattering states in terms of the temporal derivatives of the instantaneous solutions. This yields the effect of the modulating potential on the Landauer formula for the conductance in response to a constant …
Quantum Computing With Electrons On Liquid Helium, İsmai̇l Karakurt
Quantum Computing With Electrons On Liquid Helium, İsmai̇l Karakurt
Turkish Journal of Physics
A quantum computer based on electrons floating over liquid helium is described. Each qubit is made of combinations of ground and first excited states of an electron trapped over micro-electrodes just below the helium surface. We describe mechanisms for preparing the initial state of the qubit, operations with the qubits, and a proposed readout. This system is, in principle, capable of \sim 10^4 operations in a decoherence time, the time in which the wave function collapses.
Persistent Currents In Mesoscopic Loops And Networks, Igor O. Kulik
Persistent Currents In Mesoscopic Loops And Networks, Igor O. Kulik
Turkish Journal of Physics
The paper describes persistent (also termed ``permanent", or ``non-decaying") currents in mesoscopic metallic and macromolecular rings, cylinders and networks. The current arises as a response of system to Aharonov-Bohm flux threading the conducting loop and does not require external voltage to support the current. Magnitude of the current is periodic function of magnetic flux with a period of normal-metal flux quantum \Phi_0 = hc/e. Spontaneous persistent currents arise in regular macromolecular structure without the Aharonov-Bohm flux provided the azimuthal periodicity of the ring is insured by strong coupling to periodic background (a ``substrate"), otherwise the system will undergo the Peierls …
Au Nanoparticle Clusters: A New System To Model Hopping Conduction, Ç. Kurdak, J. Kim, L. A. Farina, K. M. Lewis, X. Bai, M. P. Rowe, A. J. Matzger
Au Nanoparticle Clusters: A New System To Model Hopping Conduction, Ç. Kurdak, J. Kim, L. A. Farina, K. M. Lewis, X. Bai, M. P. Rowe, A. J. Matzger
Turkish Journal of Physics
We study electrical transport through self-assembled Au nanoparticle clusters which can be viewed as a new model system to study hopping transport. The physics of such systems is governed by two parameters: the charging energy and tunnel coupling between the particles. The charging energy is determined by the size of the nanoparticles. When the diameter of the nanoparticles is less than 4-5 nm the charging energy is large enough that Coulomb blockade effects were observed in electrical transport even at room temperature. The magnitude of the tunnel coupling between the particles was determined by the thiol coating used. To study …
Towards Quantum Communication With Electron Spins, D. S. Saraga, G. Burkard, J. C. Egues, H. A. Engel, P. Recher, Daniel Loss
Towards Quantum Communication With Electron Spins, D. S. Saraga, G. Burkard, J. C. Egues, H. A. Engel, P. Recher, Daniel Loss
Turkish Journal of Physics
We review our recent work towards quantum communication in a solid-state environment with qubits carried by electron spins. We propose three schemes to produce spin-entangled electrons, where the required separation of the partner electrons is achieved via Coulomb interaction. The non-product spin-states originate either from the Cooper pairs found in a superconductor, or in the ground state of a quantum dot with an even number of electrons. In a second stage, we show how spin-entanglement carried by a singlet can be detected in a beam-splitter geometry by an increased (bunching) or decreased (antibunching) noise signal. We also discuss how a …
Orbital Entanglement And Violation Of Bell Inequalities In The Presence Of Dephasing, P. Samuelsson, Eugene Sukhorukov, Markus Büttiker
Orbital Entanglement And Violation Of Bell Inequalities In The Presence Of Dephasing, P. Samuelsson, Eugene Sukhorukov, Markus Büttiker
Turkish Journal of Physics
We discuss orbital entanglement in mesoscopic conductors, focusing on the effect of dephasing. The entanglement is detected via violation of a Bell Inequality formulated in terms of zero-frequency current correlations. Following closely the recent work by Samuelsson, Sukhorukov and Büttiker [1], we investigate how the dephasing affects the possibility to violate the Bell Inequality and how system parameters can be adjusted for optimal violation.
Preparation And Optimization Of High Quality Tin Films, Özlem Duyar, Cengi̇z Koçum, H. Zafer Durusoy
Preparation And Optimization Of High Quality Tin Films, Özlem Duyar, Cengi̇z Koçum, H. Zafer Durusoy
Turkish Journal of Physics
TiN thin films have been deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering method on glass substrates. The effects of the substrate temperature and the substrate bias voltage on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the films were studied by using XRD, STM, optical transmission and resistivity measurements. The bias voltage was varied in the 0 to 200 V range for two substrate temperatures, 100 °C and 300 °C. The results showed that the substrate bias voltage influenced the stoichiometry and structure of the films. The smoothest and least porous TiN films were prepared at about 160 V substrate bias voltage …
Admittance And Impedance Spectroscopy On Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 Solar Cells, A. Sertap Kavasoglu, Habi̇be Bayhan
Admittance And Impedance Spectroscopy On Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 Solar Cells, A. Sertap Kavasoglu, Habi̇be Bayhan
Turkish Journal of Physics
The present work reports some experimental results on the electrical properties of high efficiency ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 heterojunction solar cells. Admittance spectroscopy has been employed for characterisation of the bulk and interface levels in the absorber Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 layer. The temperature dependent capacitance-frequency analysis indicated an emission from a shallow acceptor like defect level with an activation energy of about 75 meV. Information on the equivalent circuit model of the devices has been provided by the analysis of impedance measurements. The impedance data are presented in the Nyquist plot at several dc bias voltages at 300 K. The equivalent circuit model consisting of …
Structural, Electrical And Spectral Studies On Double Rare-Earth Orthoferrites La_{1-X}Nd_Xfeo_3, O.M. Hemeda, Mohsen Mohamed Barakat, D. M. Hemeda
Structural, Electrical And Spectral Studies On Double Rare-Earth Orthoferrites La_{1-X}Nd_Xfeo_3, O.M. Hemeda, Mohsen Mohamed Barakat, D. M. Hemeda
Turkish Journal of Physics
Samples of double rare-earth ferrite La_{1-x}Nd_xFeO_3 are synthesized by a high-temperature double sintering ceramic technique. X-ray diffraction shows that all compounds have an orthorhombic structure. The values of lattice parameter and the volume of the unit cell, changes with increasing Nd^{3+} content. The Goldschmidt tolerance factor decreases and goes far from unity with increasing Nd content. The samples containing Nd ions with x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 have higher resistivity than that of LaFeO_{3}, but for x \ge 0.4 the resistivity decreases. The results indicate the presence of extrinsic semiconducting properties up to 100 °C above which the hopping …
Physical Properties Of Spray Pyrolysed Cds Thin Films, A. Ashour
Physical Properties Of Spray Pyrolysed Cds Thin Films, A. Ashour
Turkish Journal of Physics
Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films were prepared by chemical spray-pyrolysis technique. Cleaned glass substrates were used. The substrate temperature was varied in the range 200 -- 400 °C and seems to be one of the more important parameters affecting the physical properties of the semiconductor. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD patterns indicated the presence of single-phase hexagonal CdS. The resistivity of the as-deposited films was found to vary in the range 10^3 - 10^5 \Omega. Cm, depending on the substrate temperature. Direct band gap values of 2.39--2.42 eV were obtained from optical absorption measurements.
Growth Mechanism And Some Properties Of Cd_{1-X}Mn_X Se Semimagnetic Semiconductor Thin Films, V. S. Karande, S. H. Mane, Vithal Bhivaba Pujari, L. P. Deshmukh
Growth Mechanism And Some Properties Of Cd_{1-X}Mn_X Se Semimagnetic Semiconductor Thin Films, V. S. Karande, S. H. Mane, Vithal Bhivaba Pujari, L. P. Deshmukh
Turkish Journal of Physics
(Cd, Mn) Se dilute semiconductor or semimagnetic semiconductors have recently became the focus of intense research due to their interesting combination of magnetic and semiconducting properties, and are employed in a variety of devices including solar cells, gas sensors etc. A series of thin films of this material, Cd_{1 - x}Mn_xSe (0 \le x \le 0.5), were therefore synthesized onto precleaned amorphous glass substrates using a solution growth technique. The sources of cadmium (Cd^{2+}) and manganese (Mn^{2+}) were aqueous solutions of cadmium sulphate and manganese sulphate, and selenium (Se^{2-}) was extracted from a reflux of sodium selenosulphite. The different deposition …