Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Mapped Karst Ground-Water Basins In The Campbellsville 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangle, Joseph A. Ray, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

This map shows karst ground-water basins in the Campbellsville quadrangle, determined primarily by ground-water tracer studies. It can be used to quickly identify the ground-water basins and springs to which a site may drain. Major springs and the relative size of their catchment areas can be evaluated for potential as water supplies. The map also serves as a geographic index to literature on karst ground water in the area.

Mapped Karst Ground-Water Basins In The Harrodsburg 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangle, James C. Currens, Joseph A. Ray

Map and Chart--KGS

This map shows karst ground-water basins in the Harrodsburg quadrangle, determined primarily by ground-water tracer studies. It can be used to quickly identify the ground-water basins and springs to which a site may drain. Major springs and the relative size of their catchment areas can be evaluated for potential as water supplies. The map also serves as a geographic index to literature on karst ground water in the area.

Mapped Karst Ground-Water Basins In The Somerset 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangle, James C. Currens, Joseph A. Ray

Map and Chart--KGS

This map shows karst ground-water basins in the Somerset quadrangle, determined primarily by ground-water tracer studies. It can be used to quickly identify the ground-water basins and springs to which a site may drain. Major springs and the relative size of their catchment areas can be evaluated for potential as water supplies. The map also serves as a geographic index to literature on karst ground water in the area.

Vegetated Filter Strip Removal Of Cattle Manure Constituents In Runoff, Teng T. Lim, Dwayne R. Edwards, Stephen R. Workman, Brian T. Larson, Lloyd Dunn

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Pasture runoff can contribute to elevated concentrations of nutrients, solids, and bacteria in downstream waters. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of vegetative filter strip (VFS) length on concentrations and transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, solids and fecal coliform in runoff from plots treated with cattle manure. Three plots with dimensions of 2.4 × 30.5 m were used. The upper 12.2 m of each plot was treated with cattle manure, while the lower 18.3 m acted as a VFS. Runoff produced by rainfall simulators was sampled at VFS lengths of 0, 6.1, 12.2, and 18.3 m and …

Nucleotide Or Nucleoside Photoaffinity Compound Modified Antibodies, Methods For Their Manufacture And Use Thereof As Diagnostics And Therapeutics, Boyd E. Haley, Heinz Köhler, Krishnan Rajagopalan, Gabriela Pavlinkova

Chemistry Faculty Patents

Sites on antibodies having affinity for photoaffinity compounds, in particular purine or azidopurine containing compounds are taught. Such photoaffinity sites are contained on a conserved region of different antibody molecules. These sites provide for the site-specific attachment of nucleotide photoaffinity compounds to antibodies, e.g., ATP- or GTP-analog photoaffinity compounds by photochemical means. These nucleotide photoaffinity compounds may additionally be attached to molecules having a desired therapeutic or diagnostic activity, and the resultant conjugates used as diagnostics or therapeutics.

Quality Of Runoff From Plots Treated With Municipal Sludge And Horse Bedding, Elizabeth L. Busheé, Dwayne R. Edwards, Philip A. Moore Jr.

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Land application of horse stall bedding and municipal sludge can increase runoff concentrations of nutrients, organic matter, and bacteria as well as steroidal hormones such as estrogen. Concentrations of materials in runoff from sites treated with animal manure can be reduced by aluminum sulfate, or alum [Al₂(SO₄)₃•14H₂O] treatment. The objectives of this study were to assess plots treated with horse stall bedding or municipal sludge for: (a) runoff quality [concentrations of nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), orthophosphate-phosphorus (PO₄-P), fecal coliform (FC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) …

Comparison Of Observed And Simulated Grow-Finish Swine Performance Under Summer Conditions, Larry W. Turner, Thomas C. Bridges, Richard D. Coffey, Richard S. Gates, Gary R. Parker, Tami M. Brown-Brandl, Douglas G. Overhults

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

As a part of a National Pork Producers Council educational program, our research and extension team at the University of Kentucky was linked with an independent commercial swine producer to test the NCPIG model against observed commercial on-farm data. This experience provided improved information for model development as well as increased producer insight into the data input needs and potential benefits of modeling. Detailed production information comparisons between the NCPIG model and producer data are presented for summer time conditions to assess the validity of the NCPIG model for simulation of grow-finish swine performance. Results demonstrated that the NCPIG model …

Temperature Variations And N/O In The Orion Nebula From Hst Observations, R. H. Rubin, P. G. Martin, R. J. Dufour, Gary J. Ferland, J. A. Baldwin, J. J. Hester, D. K. Walter

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Using the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) and the Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) on the Hubble Space Telescope, we measured the flux of the N II] (2s2p^{3 5}S₂ --> 2s²2p^{2 3}P_2,1) lines at λ_vac = 2143.45, 2139.68 Å in the Orion Nebula--the first detection of these lines in an H II region. In order to assess the N⁺/O⁺ ratio, we also measured the flux of the [O II] (2p³²P^o_1/2,3/2-->2p³⁴S^o_3/2) lines at λ_{vac …}

The Ultraviolet-Optical Albedo Of Broad Emission Line Clouds, Kirk Korista, Gary J. Ferland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We explore the effective UV-optical albedos of a variety of types of broad emission line clouds, as well as their possible effects on the observed spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). An important albedo source in moderately ionized ionization-bounded clouds is that which is due to neutral hydrogen: Rayleigh scattering of continuum photons off the extreme damping wings of Lyα. The photons resulting from this scattering mechanism may contribute significantly to the Lyα emission line, especially in the very broad wings. In addition, line photons emitted near 1200 Å (e.g., N V λ1240) that stream toward the neutral portion of …

No Tillage Use For Crop Production In Kentucky Counties In 1997, G. R. Haszler

Soil Science News and Views

Three years ago (1994) and again last year (1996), we reported the status of no-tillage adoption in Kentucky counties. Now, CTIC has published the results for 1997. As before, Kentucky leads the nation in percent of all crops produced under no tillage, but the percentage has slightly decreased from 1996. In 1994, 44% of all crops were produced under no tillage in Kentucky, whereas in 1996, that figure had reached 51% . It dropped to 48% in 1997. The results for 1994, 1996 and 1997 are shown in Table 1. The percentage of major grain crops (corn, soybeans and small …

Precision Agriculture: A Field Study Of Soil Test Variability And Its Effect On Accuracy Of Fertilizer Recommendations, Kenneth L. Wells, James E. Dollarhide

Soil Science News and Views

Use of precision agriculture techniques in Kentucky during the past several years has generated interest in how to soil sample a field for use in programming computer-driven, on-the-go, variable rate fertilizer spreaders (VRS). The advantage achieved by VRS is related directly to variability of soil test (ST) values within a specific field and the accuracy of how they represent the field. Since variability of ST values commonly exists on a small scale, a very intensive sampling procedure (grids of one acre or less in size) would be required to accurately describe the nature and extent of such variability within a …

Precision Agriculture: The Effect Of Variable Rate Fertilizer Application On Soil Test Values, Kenneth L. Wells, James E. Dollarhide

Soil Science News and Views

Use of variable rate fertilizer spreaders (VRS) is available to farmers in many areas of Kentucky. For use of VRS, a soil fertility map must be prepared for the field to be spread which requires subdividing the field into subunits. Each subunit is then soil sampled separately. A common procedure in commercial use is to grid a field into 2.5 acre blocks and to take a composite sample of 6-8 cores along the perimeter of a circular radius of 60-80 ft from the center of each block. Each block receives a separate fertilizer recommendation based on results from the soil …

Late Season Supplemental Nitrogen On Double-Cropped Soybeans, Curt Judy, Lloyd W. Murdock

Soil Science News and Views

Soybeans produce their own nitrogen for crop growth with the aid of nitrogen fixing bacteria in the soil that infect the soybean root and form nodules which contain the bacteria. This is a symbiotic relationship that benefits both the plant and the bacteria. The bacteria are able to take atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into a form of nitrogen that the plant can use. Much of the nitrogen requirement for soybean production begins at seed development. Soybean physiology studies suggest that the amount of nitrogen supplied for the soybean plant from fixation in the nodules is less than the potential …

A Two Year Evaluation Of Nitrate-N And Triazine Herbicides In Groundwater And Surface Water Of An Intensively Row Cropped Agricultural Watershed In Western Kentucky, Larry Reber, John Potts

Soil Science News and Views

The quality of water in Kentucky's agricultural watersheds has received considerable attention in recent years. The main concerns in corn production areas usually center on water content of nitrate-N from commercial fertilizer and triazines from herbicide applications. Although N can be found naturally in Kentucky soils, it cannot supply all the N that corn needs to produce optimum yields. Therefore, fertilizer N is added to ensure ample nutrition. Triazines, on the other hand, do not occur naturally in the soil but are applied to the soil to effectively control weeds. Most commonly, these herbicides are applied at the time of …

Kentucky's Coal Industry: Historical Trends And Future Opportunities, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, James C. Cobb, John C. Ferm, Carol L. Ruthven

Information Circular--KGS

Coal has been produced in Kentucky since the late 18th century. In the early years, all mining was by underground methods, but surface mining became the dominant method during and after World War II. In recent years, surface-mine production in both fields has decreased while underground mining has increased.

In the last half of this century, the traditional steam coal market for locomotives has virtually disappeared, leaving electric power generation and coking coal for the steel industry as the principal markets. More than half of all coal produced in the State has been produced in the last 25 years. Whether …

Effect Of Parameter Distributions On Uncertainty Analysis Of Hydrologic Models, C. Thomas Haan, Daniel E. Storm, T. Al-Issa, Sandeep Prabhu, George J. Sabbagh, Dwayne R. Edwards

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Increasing concern about the accuracy of hydrologic and water quality models has prompted interest in procedures for evaluating the uncertainty associated with these models. If a Monte Carlo simulation is used in an uncertainty analysis, assumptions must be made relative to the probability distributions to assign to the model input parameters. Some have indicated that since these parameters can not be readily determined, uncertainty analysis is of limited value. In this article we have evaluated the impact of parameter distribution assumptions on estimates of model output uncertainty. We conclude that good estimates of the means and variances of the input …

Validating A Vegetative Filter Strip Performance Model, Puneet Srivastava, Thomas A. Costello, Dwayne R. Edwards, James A. Ferguson

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Vegetative filter strips (VFS) reduce losses of nutrients, solids, and other materials from land area treated with fertilizers and manures. A number of models are available that simulate nutrient and sediment transport in VFS. While VFS effectiveness is considered to depend on lengths of pollutant source area and VFS areas, few published studies have tried to validate these models using variable pollutant source area and VFS area. The objective of this study was to validate an event-based nutrient transport model (Chaubey et al., 1995) that simulates soluble nutrient transport in VFS. This model links three sub-models: modified Green-Ampt infiltration, non-linear …

Impact Of Topographic And Data Resolution On Hydrologic And Nonpoint-Source Pollution Modeling In A Karst Terrane, Alex W. Fogle

Report of Investigations--KGS

To prevent or reduce the contamination of ground water from agricultural sources, Best Management Practices (BMP’s) such as land-use changes, modifications to control surface runoff, various tillage methods, variations in rates and kinds of chemical applications, and handling procedures for chemicals are being employed and analyzed for effectiveness. The effectiveness of a BMP is often estimated before implementation by evaluating the BMP through the use of computer simulation models. The interactions between surface water and ground water that are unique to karst terranes are not incorporated into the frequently used predictive models. The purpose of this study was to document …

Error Estimation Of The Padé Approximation Of Transfer Functions Via The Lanczos Process, Zhaojun Bai, Qiang Ye

Mathematics Faculty Publications

Krylov subspace based moment matching algorithms, such as PVL (Padé approximation Via the Lanczos process), have emerged as popular tools for efficient analyses of the impulse response in a large linear circuit. In this work, a new derivation of the PVL algorithm is presented from the matrix point of view. This approach simplifies the mathematical theory and derivation of the algorithm. Moreover, an explicit formulation of the approximation error of the PVL algorithm is given. With this error expression, one may implement the PVL algorithm that adaptively determines the number of Lanczos steps required to satisfy a prescribed error tolerance. …

Oil And Gas Map Of The Hazard 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangle, Kentucky, Brandon C. Nuttall

Map and Chart--KGS

No abstract provided.

Oil And Gas Map Of The Evansville 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangle, Kentucky, Brandon C. Nuttall

Map and Chart--KGS

No abstract provided.

Total Coal Thickness Of The Lower Elkhorn Coal In Eastern Kentucky, Ernest E. Thacker, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, William M. Andrews Jr.

Map and Chart--KGS

This map is one of a series that shows the regional characteristics of the Lower Elkhorn coal. The maps were prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Surveys National Coal Assessment Program, which compiles regional maps and databases that provide a comprehensive assessment of the most important coal beds in the nation. The Lower Elkhorn coal is one of the leading producers in the state of Kentucky and has, in some areas, a reputation as an excellent metallurgical-grade coal. It is known locally as the Pond Creek, Imboden, Path Fork, Blue Gem, Straight Creek, Bruin, or Vires coal bed. This …

Use Of Animal Wastes On Cropland, Monroe Rasnake, M. Scott Smith

Soil Science News and Views

In recent months, environmental issues relating to land application of animal and industrial wastes have been widely debated in Kentucky. On several occasions, members of the University of Kentucky Agronomy Department have been asked to provide scientific information and technical interpretation related to these complex and controversial issues. To be certain that the public and policy makers are provided with consistent and scientifically sound information, the Agronomy Department has decided to release consensus statements on some of the major agronomic issues involved. These statements reflect our best scientifically based interpretations of these important subjects. Several of our faculty with long …

Mineral And Fuel Resources Map Of Kentucky, Warren H. Anderson, Garland R. Dever Jr.

Map and Chart--KGS

The production of minerals and fuels in Kentucky is a multibillion dollar industry. Historically, coal, oil, natural gas, limestone, sand and gravel, clay, fluorite, barite, lead, iron, phosphate, zinc, and brines have been produced in the State. These resources have greatly influenced the development of Kentucky by providing raw materials for the early settlers who settled the State and for current industrial and economic development. Electrical power for homes, businesses, and factories; materials for constructing houses, buildings, automobiles, and roads; and products we consume in everyday life come from the earth's mineral and fuel resources.

Use Of Algal And Macroinvertebrate Indicators To Assess The Impact Of Agricultural Practices On Surface Water Quality In The Mammoth Cave National Park Region, Kentucky, Jeffrey D. Jack

KWRRI Research Reports

The karst aquifer underlying the Mammoth Cave area supports a unique and diverse cave aquatic ecosystem as well as providing the principal source of drinking water for many local residents of the region. This unique and fragile ecosystem is surrounded by one of the most intensively used agricultural areas in the Commonwealth with more than 80% of the surrounding region used in beef, dairy, burley tobacco and alfalfa production. Agricultural practices resulting in run-off of pollutants into the aquifer via sinkholes and sinking streams have a pronounced impact on an important drinking water source and on the cave ecosystem. The …

Kentucky River Basin Water Quality Assessment Study, L. Ormsbee, L. Jarrett, B. Perkins

KWRRI Research Reports

The current report summarizes the work associated with the construction, calibration, and application of the CE-QUAL-W2 water quality model to the Kentucky River. In applying the model to the Kentucky River System, the primary objective was to assess the impact of the operation of low-level control valves on water quality of the Kentucky River. This was accomplished by modeling the impact of the valves for low flow conditions associated with the 1930 drought of record along with projections for the year 2020. The results of this study indicate that for the modeled scenario, the proposed valves can be used to …

Development Of A Kentucky Cso Database, L. Ormsbee

KWRRI Research Reports

This report provides an overview of several products developed for the management of CSO data for the state of Kentucky. These products have been developed in fulfillment of the Memorandum of Agreement No. 13814 between the University of Kentucky and the Environmental Protection Cabinet. The developed products include: 1) an overall management structure, 2) a stand-alone data management computer program, 3) background maps for each CSO city, 4) a customized Access database management environment, 5) a computer program for automating monthly CSO discharge monitoring reports, and 6) a customized Arcview 3 project for visualization and management of physical CSO datasets.

Solute And Bacterial Transport Through Partially-Saturated Intact Soil Blocks, Edmund Perfect, Mark S. Coyne, Michael C. Sukop, Gerald R. Haszler, Virgil L. Quisenberry, Ligia Bejat

KWRRI Research Reports

Steady-state transport of water, chloride and bacteria was measured through intact blocks of Maury and Cecil soils, under partially saturated conditions. Major objectives were to determine if transport occurs uniformly or via preferential flow paths, and if soil physical properties could be used to predict breakthrough. The blocks were instrumented with TDR probes and mounted on a vacuum chamber containing 100 cells that collected eflluent. After each experiment the blocks were sampled for soil physical properties. The fluxes showed no spatial autocorrelation and the eflluent variance was not statistically different between soils. Less than 3% of the influent bacteria appeared …

Spatial And Temporal Variability In Seepage Between A Contaminated Aquifer And Tributaries To The Ohio River, Alan E. Fryar, David L. Brown, David B. Wenner, Todd C. Rasmussen, Eric J. Wallin

KWRRI Research Reports

Because interactions between ground water and tributaries may influence contaminant loading to rivers, we delineated seepage along Little Bayou and Bayou Creeks in McCracken County, Kentucky, during a two-year period. From the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant, on the divide between the creeks, trichloroethene and technetium-99 plumes extend several km toward the Ohio River. Gaining conditions occur where the creeks are incised into coarse sediments in the river's flood plain. Such conditions were marked by upward hydraulic gradients within the bed; maximum specific discharge (q) > 0.24 m d^-1; relatively narrow ranges of stream, piezometer, and bed temperatures; relatively cool …

A Review Of Research On The Kentucky River Ecosystem: Biota And Human Impacts, R. M. Waltman, R. J. Stevenson

KWRRI Research Reports

This report provides information about the water conditions in the Kentucky River Basin, through collection of previous studies.