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Articles 2791 - 2820 of 12081

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Mortality Model For A Perennial Grass In Australian Semi-Arid Wooded Grasslands Grazed By Sheep, K. C. Hodgkinson, W. J. Muller Apr 2023

Mortality Model For A Perennial Grass In Australian Semi-Arid Wooded Grasslands Grazed By Sheep, K. C. Hodgkinson, W. J. Muller

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Grazing of sheep in marginal semi-arid environments is risky because grazing appears to predispose grass plants, especially palatable species, to sudden death (Hodgkinson, 1994; 1995). These early observations were based on a preliminary analysis of perennial grass survival in a single drought and supported the concept of tactical grazing proposed by Westoby et al. (1989) as a preferred management. Later this idea was developed by suggesting the existence of critical thresholds for perennial grass survival, which when crossed, collapses grass populations (Hodgkinson, 1994). Here we examine the relationship between mortality of a palatable perennial grass, Thyridolepis mitchelliana, and a …

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The Long Road To Developing Native Herbaceous Summer Forage Legume Ecotypes, James P. Muir, T. J. Butler, W. R. Ocumpaugh Apr 2023

The Long Road To Developing Native Herbaceous Summer Forage Legume Ecotypes, James P. Muir, T. J. Butler, W. R. Ocumpaugh

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Only a handful of well-adapted herbaceous summer forage legumes are currently marketed for drier regions of North America and even fewer are true natives. There is a growing demand for native germplasm in the region as a new generation of landowner attempts to return grasslands to a semblance of their original species and diversity. The objective of this paper is to describe preliminary research results of a grasslands team collecting, studying and promulgating native leguminous germplasm in Texas.

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Working Within Constraints: Managing African Savannas For Animal Production And Biodiversity, J. T. Du Toit Apr 2023

Working Within Constraints: Managing African Savannas For Animal Production And Biodiversity, J. T. Du Toit

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The mean density of livestock biomass on African rangelands now greatly exceeds that of indigenous large herbivores, although livestock cannot fully substitute for wildlife with respect to co-evolved ecosystem processes involving herbivory. The dominance of livestock in semi-arid rangelands is largely due to water provision, which uncouples livestock population dynamics from the rainfall-driven trajectories followed by indigenous ungulate species in wildlife areas. Ecological sustainability cannot be achieved with a few exotic species maintained at unprecedented biomass densities in savanna ecosystems, which are evolutionarily adapted for species-rich communities of ungulates of a wise range of sizes. Integrating wildlife and livestock in …

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Inner Mongolian Herders Move Toward Sustainability And Elevate Their Incomes From Cashmere Goat Production By Reducing Grazing Pressure On Fragile Grasslands, B. P. Fritz, M. Zhao Apr 2023

Inner Mongolian Herders Move Toward Sustainability And Elevate Their Incomes From Cashmere Goat Production By Reducing Grazing Pressure On Fragile Grasslands, B. P. Fritz, M. Zhao

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Overgrazing, mainly caused by Cashmere goats, is contributing to the desertification of West Erdos fragile grasslands resulting in the threat of extinction of several endangered wild plant species. This transition area between desert and grassland includes some 400,000 ha and some 72 unique, relic and endangered plant species. The area is home to 5,000 inhabitants, mainly subsistent goat farming families and coal mining activity. Industrial land use in the reserve adds additional economic pressure to herders operating on a shrinking land base. This phenomenon has elicited the entrenched, traditional response of producing more livestock thus jeopardizing current levels of production …

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Sustainable Semi-Arid Grazing Management Based On Indigenous Shona Practices Prior To Introduction Of Western Ideas In Zimbabwe, O. Mugweni, R. Mugweni Apr 2023

Sustainable Semi-Arid Grazing Management Based On Indigenous Shona Practices Prior To Introduction Of Western Ideas In Zimbabwe, O. Mugweni, R. Mugweni

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In the Shona culture the land, i.e. the plants, animals, soil, water, air and others, evolved with herding animals. Hence, the absence of one results in the destruction of the other. It is argued that the conventional grazing management belief that too many animals cause overgrazing is a misconception of the semi-arid savanna environments of Southern Africa where these environments evolved with thousands of herding grazers and mega-faunas such as elephants, wildebeests and buffalo. The objective of the research is to establish that grazing with an adequate recovery period for grazed plants, as a result of domesticated animals being managed …

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Profitable And Sustainable Grazing Systems For Livestock Producers With Saline Land In Southern Australia, N. J. Edwards, D. G. Masters, Edward G. Barrett-Lennard, M. Hebart, M. Mccaskill, W. King, W. Mason Apr 2023

Profitable And Sustainable Grazing Systems For Livestock Producers With Saline Land In Southern Australia, N. J. Edwards, D. G. Masters, Edward G. Barrett-Lennard, M. Hebart, M. Mccaskill, W. King, W. Mason

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Dryland salinity affects over 2.5 M ha in Australia, mostly in southern states and is expanding at 3-5% per year (NLWRA, 2001). The prognosis is for considerable expansion of the area affected by salinity and waterlogging (12–17 M ha at equilibrium), because groundwater levels continue to rise and only small-scale land management programmes have been implemented. In addition, many waterways are increasingly saline, especially in the Murray Darling Basin and in Western Australia (WA). Sustainable Grazing on Saline Land (SGSL) addresses the need to make productive use of saline land and water resources. Its research component operates at 12 sites …

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Glm+ Delivers Improved Natural Resource Management And Production Outcomes To Extensive Grazing Properties In The Savannas Of Semi-Arid North Queensland, Australia, Joe W. Rolfe, K. Shaw Apr 2023

Glm+ Delivers Improved Natural Resource Management And Production Outcomes To Extensive Grazing Properties In The Savannas Of Semi-Arid North Queensland, Australia, Joe W. Rolfe, K. Shaw

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Native pastures are the main feed resource on extensive cattle grazing properties (each usually >25,000 ha) in the savannas of semi-arid north Australia and it is widely accepted that condition of many important land types is declining. A wealth of resource information is publicly available but it is usually complex in nature, diffuse and not presented in terms readily understood by land managers. Extension agencies have also moved towards information delivery using group processes that are not readily accepted by remote land managers. The GLM+ program uses concepts and tools from the Grazing Land Management (GLM) workshop (Chilcott et al. …

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The Milk Yield By Cinisara Cows In Different Management Systems: 1. Effect Of Season Of Calving, C. Giosuè, M. Alabiso, M. L. Alicata, G. Parrino Apr 2023

The Milk Yield By Cinisara Cows In Different Management Systems: 1. Effect Of Season Of Calving, C. Giosuè, M. Alabiso, M. L. Alicata, G. Parrino

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The Cinisara cow is Sicilian autochthonous breed; the milk has very interesting qualitative characteristics (chemical, physical and technologic parameters, principally due to its high part β of K casein) and is processed to make Caciocavallo cheese. Characteristics of milk yield are influenced by exogenous factors, such as management system, lactation number and season of calving. Pastures provide the basic feed but grazing is not continuous through the year. The aim of this research was to optimize the distribution of production over the year through the study of the effect of season of calving on qualitative characteristics of milk from Cinisara …

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Cow-Calf Production On Perennial Pastures In The Central Semi-Arid Region Of Argentina, C. A. Frasinelli, K. Frigerio, J. Martínez Ferrer, J. H. Veneciano Apr 2023

Cow-Calf Production On Perennial Pastures In The Central Semi-Arid Region Of Argentina, C. A. Frasinelli, K. Frigerio, J. Martínez Ferrer, J. H. Veneciano

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In cow-calf production systems in San Luis, the annual crops are heavily used (eastern region) or the natural pastures are over-used (western region). Both cases constitute unsustainable systems. In the present study, the possibility of structuring an efficient and stable stockbreeding agroecosystem based exclusively on perennial summer grasses was tested. The objectives were: 1) to test a cow-calf production system based on perennial pastures: Digitaria (Digitaria eriantha Steudel subsp. eriantha cv Irene), without protein supplement during winter, and 2) to determine the physical and economical efficiency of the production system and sustainability of such indicators in the short-term (6 …

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Growth Performance Of Crossbred Steers On Unfertilised Mountain Pastures At Low Stocking Rates, A. Chassot, J. Troxler Apr 2023

Growth Performance Of Crossbred Steers On Unfertilised Mountain Pastures At Low Stocking Rates, A. Chassot, J. Troxler

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

As a consequence of increasing economic pressure on Swiss agriculture, marginal areas are threatened by abandonment, especially in the mountainous regions. Using these areas for extensive beef production might preserve an open landscape and favour biodiversity. A grazing experiment was conducted with steers on an unfertilised mountain pasture to study the effects of a reduction of stocking rate on the growth of the animals and on changes in the vegetation.

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Snp Discovery And Haplotypic Variation In Full-Length Herbage Quality Genes Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.), R. C. Ponting, M. C. Drayton, N. O. I. Cogan, G. C. Spangenberg, K. F. Smith, J. W. Forster Apr 2023

Snp Discovery And Haplotypic Variation In Full-Length Herbage Quality Genes Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.), R. C. Ponting, M. C. Drayton, N. O. I. Cogan, G. C. Spangenberg, K. F. Smith, J. W. Forster

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The development of forages with enhanced nutritive value through improvements of herbage quality (digestibility, carbohydrate content) is potentially capable of increasing both meat and milk production by up to 25%. However, the expense and time-consuming nature of the relevant biochemical and biophysical assays has limited breeding improvement for forage quality. The development of accurate high-throughput molecular marker-based selection systems such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) permits evaluation of genetic variation and selection of favourable variants to accelerate the production of elite new varieties.

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Use Of Cross-Species Amplification Markers For Pollen-Medicated Gene Flow Determination In Trifolium Polymorphum Poiret, M. Dalla Rizza, D. Real, R. Reyno, K. Quesenberry Apr 2023

Use Of Cross-Species Amplification Markers For Pollen-Medicated Gene Flow Determination In Trifolium Polymorphum Poiret, M. Dalla Rizza, D. Real, R. Reyno, K. Quesenberry

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The species Trifolium polymorphum Poiret is endemic to Uruguay and is widespread in native grasslands throughout the country. Preliminary observations suggested that the aerial flowers are chasmogamous (open at maturity for potential cross-pollination) while the basal flowers are cleistogamous. Several approaches have been practised to determine the reproductive system of forage legumes by the aid of co-dominant markers (Real et al., 2004; Dalla Rizza et al., 2004). The aim of this study is to explore cross-species amplification as a quick approach to obtain co-dominant markers to study the breeding system of T. polymorphum.

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Development Of Genetic Markers For Drought Tolerance In Festuca-Lolium Complexes, J. P. Wang, S. S. Bughrara Apr 2023

Development Of Genetic Markers For Drought Tolerance In Festuca-Lolium Complexes, J. P. Wang, S. S. Bughrara

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Drought stress is one of the most complex environmental constraints on turf. It is a major factor limiting the growth of cool-season turf grasses in a wide range of climatic regions. As water conservation becomes increasingly limiting, the development of drought tolerant lines becomes important. However, the progress in breeding turfgrass for drought resistance has been very slow, primarily because of the genetic complexity of drought stress responses and lack of screening procedures for rapid selection of germplasm with superior drought tolerance. Marker assisted selection (MAS) provides breeders with valuable tools to develop newer germplasm with improved drought tolerance (Quarrie …

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Isolation And Characterisation Of Genes Encoding Ice Recrystallisation Inhibition Proteins (Irips) In The Cryophilic Antarctic Hair-Grass (Deschampsia Antarctica) And The Temperate Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne), U. P. John, R. M. Polotnianka, K. A. Sivakumaran, L. Mackin, M. J. Kuiper, J. P. Talbot, O. Chew, G. D. Nugent, N. O. I. Cogan, M. C. Drayton, J. W. Forster, G. E. Schrauf, G. C. Spangenberg Apr 2023

Isolation And Characterisation Of Genes Encoding Ice Recrystallisation Inhibition Proteins (Irips) In The Cryophilic Antarctic Hair-Grass (Deschampsia Antarctica) And The Temperate Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne), U. P. John, R. M. Polotnianka, K. A. Sivakumaran, L. Mackin, M. J. Kuiper, J. P. Talbot, O. Chew, G. D. Nugent, N. O. I. Cogan, M. C. Drayton, J. W. Forster, G. E. Schrauf, G. C. Spangenberg

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Antarctic hairgrass (D. antarctica Desv.), the only grass species indigenous to Antarctica, has a well developed tolerance of freezing, strongly induced by cold-acclimation. In response to low temperatures D. antarctica exhibits recrystallisation inhibition (RI) activity, localised to the apoplasm, that prevents further growth of ice crystals following freezing.

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Optimising Forage Production On Degraded Lands In The Dry Tropics Through Silvopastoral Systems, P. S. Pathak Apr 2023

Optimising Forage Production On Degraded Lands In The Dry Tropics Through Silvopastoral Systems, P. S. Pathak

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In India, 187 M ha out of a total area of 328 M ha face the problem of land degradation, mostly due to water and wind erosion. The problems are aggravated by poor land cover and increasing pressure of human and livestock populations. There is over-exploitation of the scarce resources of forage and firewood. Several techniques, including watershed based silvopastoral land use have been proposed (Patil & Pathak, 1977). Tree, grass and legume based systems have been tried after land treatment to reduce runoff and soil loss while meeting the forage needs of the livestock and firewood for cooking in …

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Agroforestry Systems In Cuba: Some Aspects Of Animal Production, J. M. Iglesias, L. Simón, L. Lamela, I. Hernández, M. Milera, T. Sánchez Apr 2023

Agroforestry Systems In Cuba: Some Aspects Of Animal Production, J. M. Iglesias, L. Simón, L. Lamela, I. Hernández, M. Milera, T. Sánchez

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The silvopastoral systems, that nowadays constitute scientific achievements of the Grasses and Forages Research Station “Indio Hatuey ", have been developed from the results of investigations that were carried out since the 1980s, to improve the productivity of natural pastures through the introduction of valuable herbaceous species and tree legumes. Those investigations also determined the essential elements of pasture management such as the optimal stocking rates for low input systems and suitable methods of grazing to obtain sustainability of grasslands.

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Hedgerow Systems And Livestock In Philippine Grasslands: Ghg Emissions, D. B. Magcale-Macandog, E. Abucay, R. G. Visco, R. N. Miole, E. L. Abas, G. M. Comajig, A. D. Calub Apr 2023

Hedgerow Systems And Livestock In Philippine Grasslands: Ghg Emissions, D. B. Magcale-Macandog, E. Abucay, R. G. Visco, R. N. Miole, E. L. Abas, G. M. Comajig, A. D. Calub

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Hedgerow systems are widely adopted in the smallholder farms in the sloping grassland areas of Claveria, Mindanao, Philippines. The system is effective in addressing soil erosion problems and in conserving the topsoil. Gmelina arborea and Eucalyptus deglupta are two fast-growing timber species that are planted in hedgerow systems while maize is planted in the alley areas in between the hedgerows. Livestock holdings are widespread in Claveria, with 74% of the households having livestock. Cattle and carabao are the most common livestock in smallholder farms providing draught power for land preparation and transportation. In hedgerow systems, fodder tree leaves and crop …

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Grazing Prohibition Programme And Sustainable Development Of Grassland In China, X. Y. Hou, L. Yang Apr 2023

Grazing Prohibition Programme And Sustainable Development Of Grassland In China, X. Y. Hou, L. Yang

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Prohibition of grazing is now the main grassland management measure in China. From 1999, prohibition of grazing has been implemented on a trial basis in some areas. From 2001, the grazing prohibition programme (GPP) has been carried out in five provinces (Shaanxi, Gansu, Hebei, Jilin and Yunnan) and two autonomous regions (Inner Mongolia and Ningxia), with the objective of protecting and restoring grassland by seasonal or yearly banning of grazing with subsidiary assistances. The area within which grazing was prohibited of 2.93×107 ha in 2001 was increased to over 3.33×107 ha in 2004. With a view to improving …

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Forage Arachis In Nepal: A Simple Success, A. D. Robertson Apr 2023

Forage Arachis In Nepal: A Simple Success, A. D. Robertson

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Nepali farming systems are remarkably diverse. Livestock play a central role in livelihoods and sustainable farming on most farms. There is a need for productive forage legumes that can fit existing farming patterns and that can be multiplied easily. A wide array of genetic material has been introduced recently into the cropping, cut-and-carry, grazing, and forestry systems, mainly in the Terai (Ganges Plain) and in the "mid-hills" to about 2km ASL. In 1999/2000, 8 lines of Arachis pintoi were introduced from CIAT, and additional A. pintoi and A. glabrata lines from Queensland. The introduced arachis was established on a small …

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Effect Of Urea-Treated Pennisetum Pedicellatum And Supplementation Of Concentrates With Urea On Milk Production Of "Mossi" Ewes, V. M. C. Bougouma-Yameogo, A. J. Nianogo Apr 2023

Effect Of Urea-Treated Pennisetum Pedicellatum And Supplementation Of Concentrates With Urea On Milk Production Of "Mossi" Ewes, V. M. C. Bougouma-Yameogo, A. J. Nianogo

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The "Mossi" sheep is a near parent of "Djallonke" sheep that live in sudano-sahelian area of Burkina Faso. However, there are few available results on dairy production from this breed. The treatment of straw with urea is a technique used in several developing countries to improve the nutritional value of gramineous forages (Sourabié et al., 1995). The aim of this study was to test the influence on the performance of "Mossi" ewes and on milk composition of treatment of Pennisetum pedicellatum (Pp) with urea in comparison with addition of urea to the concentrate feed.

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Stem Anatomy Of Switchgrass Plants Developed By Divergent Breeding Cycles For Tiller Digestibility, G. Sarath, K. P. Vogel, R. Mitchell, L. M. Baird Apr 2023

Stem Anatomy Of Switchgrass Plants Developed By Divergent Breeding Cycles For Tiller Digestibility, G. Sarath, K. P. Vogel, R. Mitchell, L. M. Baird

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum. L.) is an important perennial forage and biomass crop that is native to the temperate prairies of the North America east of the Rocky Mountains. Breeding for improved forage in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) has been conducted using post-heading, whole-tiller IVDMD as the selection criterion (Hopkins et al., 1993; Vogel et al., 2002). One breeding cycle (C-1) for low IVDMD and three cycles for high IVDMD (C1, C2, C3) were completed in a switchgrass population adapted to the USA mid- latitudes. Sward trials demonstrated that whole plant IVDMD had been improved (Hopkins …

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Geographic Patterns In The Genetic Diversity Of Elymus Species From Qinghai-Tibetan And Inner Mongolian Plateau, Xuebing Yan, Yuxia Guo, Z. He, W. Kun Apr 2023

Geographic Patterns In The Genetic Diversity Of Elymus Species From Qinghai-Tibetan And Inner Mongolian Plateau, Xuebing Yan, Yuxia Guo, Z. He, W. Kun

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The genus Elymus is the largest genus in the tribe Triticeae with about 150 species distributed in most temperate regions of the world (Dewey, 1984). The genetic diversity of Elymus spp. from alpine regions is very important for improving resistance to adverse condition. The goals of this study were to investigate micro- satellite and enzyme polymorphism and population structure of different regions and Elymus spp. in China.

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Divergent Breeding For Tiller Digestibility Modified Leaf, Sheath, And Stem Composition Of Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.), K. P. Vogel, G. Sarath, R. Mitchell Apr 2023

Divergent Breeding For Tiller Digestibility Modified Leaf, Sheath, And Stem Composition Of Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.), K. P. Vogel, G. Sarath, R. Mitchell

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum. L.) is a cross-pollinated, C4 species that is native to the prairies of temperate North America. Breeding to improve its forage quality has been conducted using post-heading, whole-tiller in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) as the selection criterion. One breeding cycle (C-1) for low IVDMD and three cycles for high IVDMD (C1, C2, C3) were completed in a switchgrass population adapted to the USA mid-latitudes. Sward trials demonstrated that whole plant IVDMD had been improved (Hopkins et al., 1993). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of breeding for tiller …

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Genetic Structure Of Mongolian Wheatgrass (Agroypron Mongolicum Keng) In Inner Mongolia Of China, Y. Jinfeng, Mengli Zhao, X. Xinmin Apr 2023

Genetic Structure Of Mongolian Wheatgrass (Agroypron Mongolicum Keng) In Inner Mongolia Of China, Y. Jinfeng, Mengli Zhao, X. Xinmin

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Mongolia wheatgrass (Agroypron mongolicum) is a cross-pollinated, long-lived, cool-season and drought-resistant perennial bunchgrass, which plays an important role in arid and semi-arid grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Collections of A. mongolicum from different areas of Inner Mongolia are valuable sources of useful genes for its breeding. The genetic diversity of 8 accessions of A. mongolicum were examined in this study. A dendrogram was constructed to obtain information on the relationship between cultivated and wild A. mongolicum genotypes, which is basic information to explore the possibility of its use in intra- and inter-specific breeding programs.

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Genetic Engineering For Breeding For Drought Resistance And Salt Tolerance In Agropyron Spp. (Wheatgrass), Fugui Mi, Jinfeng Yun, Xiuwen Huo Apr 2023

Genetic Engineering For Breeding For Drought Resistance And Salt Tolerance In Agropyron Spp. (Wheatgrass), Fugui Mi, Jinfeng Yun, Xiuwen Huo

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Genetic engineering for breeding for drought resistance and salt tolerance in wheatgrass, lucerne and tall fescue is one of the main projects in major national programs of 10th five-year national plan: Research of gene transfer in plants and its industrialisation. The project is a large one that has the financial support for forage crops in China and many research institutes and universities take part in it. The Inner Mongolia Agricultural University is in charge of the project on wheatgrass. The research was started in Nov. 2002. The general situation and the primary results are introduced and summarised in this …

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Germplasm Collection And Dry Matter Production Of Mongolian Forage Plants, D. Tsogoo, Sh. Batsukh Apr 2023

Germplasm Collection And Dry Matter Production Of Mongolian Forage Plants, D. Tsogoo, Sh. Batsukh

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Mongolian rangelands harbour 564 genera, 128 families and 2,823 species of plants (Gubanov, 1996). Approximately 600 species can be used as forage plants (Yunatov, 1968). There are 5 to 6 species of perennial forage plants that are unique to Mongolia and the country has a domestic cultivar "Burgaltai" of lucerne. This paper provides the results of a study on vegetative and seed yield of germplasm collected from naturally occurring forage plants during 1976-2003. To date, seeds have been collected and are involved in the experimental work from approximately 70 percent of forage plants available at the forage plant …

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Introgression Breeding For Improvement Of Winter Hardiness In Lolium /Festuca Complex Using Androgenenesis, T. Yamada, Y. D. Guo, Y. Mizukami Apr 2023

Introgression Breeding For Improvement Of Winter Hardiness In Lolium /Festuca Complex Using Androgenenesis, T. Yamada, Y. D. Guo, Y. Mizukami

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Intergeneric hybrids between closely related Lolium and Festuca species are used to broaden the gene pool and provide plant breeders with options to combine complementary traits to develop robust but high quality grass varieties. Androgenesis was found to be an effective procedure for selecting Lolium-Festuca genotypes comprising gene combinations rarely or never recovered by conventional backcross breeding programs. Here we describe the optimisation of androgenesis in Lolium perenne x Festuca pratensis. The male fertility and freezing tolerance of the Festulolium microspore-derived progenies were analysed and these progenies were also analysed by using genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH). …

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Morphological Characteristic To Discriminate Festulolium Hybrids (Festuca Pratensis × Lolium Perenne), Mariusz Kulik, Z. Zwierzykowski, W. Jokś Apr 2023

Morphological Characteristic To Discriminate Festulolium Hybrids (Festuca Pratensis × Lolium Perenne), Mariusz Kulik, Z. Zwierzykowski, W. Jokś

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Environmental change and uncertainty is likely to pose new challenges in plant breeders. Recently attention has focused on the crossing of Lolium and Festuca species to obtain hybrids exhibiting many desirable traits of both parents. Key objectives of such programs are to combine the persistency, winter hardiness and drought tolerance of fescues with the high herbage yields and quality of ryegrasses (Zwierzykowski, Naganowska, 1994). One of the hybrids with great practical significance is a F. pratensis × L. perenne hybrid [Festulolium loliaceum (Huds.) P.V. Fourn]. Many morphological traits of Festulolium hybrids demonstrate intermediate character, however, in relation to inflorescence …

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Towards Understanding Photoperiodic Response In Grasses, M. Gagic, I. Kardailsky, N. Forester, B. Veit, J. Putterill Apr 2023

Towards Understanding Photoperiodic Response In Grasses, M. Gagic, I. Kardailsky, N. Forester, B. Veit, J. Putterill

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In many plants, day length is the critical environmental parameter that controls flowering time. In long day plants, such as Arabidopsis and ryegrass (Lolium perenne), increasing day length in spring signals flowering, while in short day plants like rice, flowering is accelerated when days become shorter. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular genetic mechanisms that govern this response. Most results have been obtained in the model plant Arabidopsis where CONSTANS (CO) is a critical candidate gene. Upstream of it is the GIGANTEA (GI) gene which is associated with the circadian clock mechanism (1). The …

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The Identification Of Genetic Synteny Between Lolium Perenne Chromosome 7 And Rice Chromosome 6 Genomic Regions That Have Major Effects On Heading-Date, I. P. Armstead, L. B. Turner, L. Skøt, I. S. Donnison, M. O. Humphreys, I. P. King Apr 2023

The Identification Of Genetic Synteny Between Lolium Perenne Chromosome 7 And Rice Chromosome 6 Genomic Regions That Have Major Effects On Heading-Date, I. P. Armstead, L. B. Turner, L. Skøt, I. S. Donnison, M. O. Humphreys, I. P. King

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Comparative genetic mapping between plant species has established that there has been a conservation of genomic organisation which reflects evolutionary relationships. The genetic mapping of L. perenne has identified such syntenic relationships with both the Triticeae and rice. The recent publication of the complete sequence of the rice genome has allowed these relationships to be analysed more closely and has raised the possibility of using the rice genome as a template for chromosome landing-based gene identification in related non-model species. The aim of the present work was to map particular markers and genes associated with heading-date in rice in L. …

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