Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Gypsum Karst Of Germany, Stephan Kempe

International Journal of Speleology

Description of gypsum karst and caves in Germany.

Environmental Problems In Gypsum Karst Terrains, Alexander Klimchouk, Vjacheslav Andrejchuk

International Journal of Speleology

Description of environmental problems in gypsum karst areas, especially of the effects related to human impacts that are unique to gypsum karst systems or most commonly occur herein. The paper deals with pollution (oil, radioactive substances and fertilizers), mining activity, underground water abstraction, construction of dams and reservoirs, collapse and subsidence hazards giving examples of former Soviet Union.

Gypsum Karst In China, Lu Yaoru, Anthony H. Cooper

International Journal of Speleology

The Peoples Republic of China has the largest gypsum resources in the world and a long history of their exploitation. The gypsum deposits range in age from Pre-Cambrian to Quaternary and their genesis includes marine, lacustrine, thermal (volcanic and metasomatic), metamorphic and secondary deposits. The gypsum is commonly associated with other soluble rocks such as carbonates and salt. These geological conditions, regional climate differences and tectonic setting strongly influence the karstification process resulting in several karst types in China. Well developed gypsum palaeokarst and some modem gypsum karst is present in the Fengfeng Formation (Ordovician) gypsum of the Shanxi and …

Gypsum Karst In The South Of The Siberian Platform, Russia, Yuri Trzcinski

International Journal of Speleology

Description of gypsum karst in Siberia.

Gypsum Karst Of The World: A Brief Overview, Alexander Klimchouk, Paolo Forti, Anthony Cooper

International Journal of Speleology

Short description of caves and karsts in gypsum of different parts of the World.

Gypsum Karst In The Western Ukraine, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

The great gypsum karst of the Western Ukraine, which is associated with Miocene (Badenian) gypsum, provides the worlds foremost examples of intrastratal gypsum karst and speleogenesis under artesian conditions. Differential neotectonic movements have resulted in various parts of the territory displaying different types (stages) of intrastratal karst, from deep-seated, through subjacent, to entrenched. Internal gypsum karstification proceeded mainly under confined hydrogeological conditions. While such development still continues in part of the territory, other parts exhibit entrenched karst settings. Huge relict maze cave systems have been explored here, five of which are currently the longest known gypsum caves in the world. …

Some Examples Of Gypsum Karsts And The More Important Gypsum Caves In Spain, Jose Maria Calaforra, Antonio Pulido-Bosch

International Journal of Speleology

Spain possesses some of the most important examples of gypsum karst in Europe, in terms of the extent and variety of the gypsiferous outcrops. These are divided into gypsum belonging to the Triassic, Palaeogene and Neogene epochs, each of which displays different lithological and structural aspects. Some of Spain’s most significant gypsum karsts, from the speleological standpoint, are described, and these share a common characteristic of all supporting the development of large caves. Reference is made to the geomorphology, hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of the gypsum karsts of Sorbas, Vallada and Gobantes-Meliones, which provide significant examples of intrastratal karst, speleogenesis by …

The Gypsum Karst Of Italy, Paolo Forti, Ugo Sauro

International Journal of Speleology

Gypsum karst has been studied in Italy since the last decades of the l9th Century. In 1917 the geographer Olinto Marinelli published “Fenomeni carsici delle regioni gessose d’Italia”, a fundamental synthesis of the early research. He distinguished 56 different morpho-karstic gypsum units and/or areas, which are all different in size and character, and described them, paying special attention to their surface morphology and hydrology. Marinelli listed all the main gypsum units and only a few secondary outcrops were overlooked. After Marinelli’s synthesis, except for some discussion of archaeological caves, only a few papers about gypsum karst and environment were published …

First Record Of Parastenocarididae (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida) From Subterranean Freshwater Of Insular Greece And Description Of Two New Species, Vezio Cottarelli, Maria Cristina Bruno

International Journal of Speleology

The genus Parastenocaris, new for Greece, has been discovered in the hyporheic habitat of Kos and Kythira Island with two new species, that are described and discussed in this work. Parastenocaris aesculapii n. sp. shares some characters with P. nolli from Germany and P. italica from Italy, Macedonia and Turkey. Parastenocaris aphroditis n. sp. belongs, according to the Authors, to a group of species living exclusively in estuarine interstitial habitats, which are all characterised by peculiar morphology and ecology, that are as well considered and interpreted.

Sulphate Rocks As An Arena For Karst Development, Alexander Klimchouk, Vjacheslav Andrejchuk

International Journal of Speleology

The rocks in which karst systems develop are most commonly composed of carbonate sulphate and chloride minerals. The sulphate minerals are quite numerous, but only gypsum and anhydrite form extensive masses in sedimentary sequences. Other minerals, which represent sulphates of K, Mg and Na, normally occur as minor beds (0.1-5.0 m), or as inclusions associated with chloride rocks. However some minerals precipitated in salt-generating basins, such as mirabilite and glauberite (typically formed in the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf, salt lakes of Siberia and in China), form sequences up to 5-10 m thick where karst may develop. Due to the very high solubility …

Results Of The City Of Tampa Surface Water Compliance Monitoring Program For The Year 1994 And Examination Of Long-Term Water Quality And Biological Indicator Trends In Hillsborough Bay, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

This report is submitted to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) to satisfy the requirements set forth in specific condition No. 14 of the Howard F. Curren WWTP permit No. D029-184532B. The report is based on data obtained by the City of Tampa (COT) compliance water quality monitoring program approved under construction permit DC29-152799. The report also includes examination of long-term trends for water quality parameters and biological indicators collected by the City of Tampa Bay Study Group and the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County (EPC).

Three Nonhomogeneous Poisson Models For The Probability Of Basaltic Volcanism: Application To The Yucca Mountain Region, Nevada, Charles B. Connor, Brittain E. Hill

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

The distribution and timing of areal basaltic volcanism are modeled using three nonhomogeneous methods: spatio‐temporal nearest neighbor, kernel, and nearest‐neighbor kernel. These models give nonparametric estimates of spatial or spatio‐temporal recurrence rate based on the positions and ages of cinder cones and related vent structures and can account for migration and shifts in locus, volcano clustering, and development of regional vent alignments. The three methods are advantageous because (1) recurrence rate and probability maps can be made, facilitating comparison with other geological information; (2) the need to define areas or zones of volcanic activity, required in homogeneous approaches, is eliminated; …

Hydrobiological Monitoring Program - Summary Report For The Lower Peace River And Charlotte Harbor, Environmental Quality Laboratory, Inc.

Reports

Unlike previous Long-Term Hydrobiological Monitoring Summary Reports, this document has been subdivided into three separate subsections to facilitate the reader in reviewing the large number of Tables and Figures contained within the overall text.

As required under the most recent Peace River Water Supply Facility WUP Permit (#2010420.01), this document summarizes and extends the findings reported previously regarding phytoplankton primary production and community structure at four salinity zones within the Lower Peace River and Upper Charlotte Harbor between 1983 and 1993. In addition, the taxonomic composition and structure of phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages from samples collected, between 1988 and 1993, …

Seagrass And Caulerpa Monitoring In Hillsborough Bay Sixth Annual Report, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

This is the sixth annual report to FDER to satisfy the requirements set forth in specific condition #14 of FDER construction permit DO29-1845321B.

The City of Tampa, Bay Study Group (BSG), has monitored the effects of sewage pollution abatement in Hillsborough Bay since 1976. Within the last decade, water quality improvements and evidence of minor seagrass revegetation in Hillsborough Bay prompted the BSG to initiate a seagrass study to compliment other programs assessing the environmental status of Hillsborough Bay.

State Of Tampa Bay 1994, Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council (Tbrpc), Agency On Bay Management

Reports

This is the eighth "State of Tampa Bay" report on the projects, programs and organizations that influence the Bay and its watershed . This status report identifies the condition of Tampa Bay over the past year and describes activities and issues addressed by the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council's Agency on Bay Management during 1994. It was prepared in accordance with the adopted rules of the Agency , and this year is sponsored, in part, by the Tampa Bay National Estuary Program.

1995 File Geodatabase Containing Photo Point Locations, Aerial Photos, And Flight Maps, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers Bay Study Group, Pete Reehling, Richard Mckenzie

Data Sets

The Bay Study Group was created by the City of Tampa in 1976 to monitor the effects of pollution abatement that occurred in Hillsborough Bay when the city’s wastewater treatment plant was upgraded from primary to advanced treatment in 1979. The Bay Study Group documented a remarkable restoration of water quality parameters and biological indicators in Hillsborough Bay from the mid 1980s until 2009, when it was disbanded. This zip Geodatabase file contains the photo point locations, aerial photos, and flight maps for the year 1995.

Constraints On Present-Day Basin And Range Deformation From Space Geodesy, Timothy H. Dixon, Stefano Robaudo, Jeffrey Lee, Marith C. Reheis

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

We use new space geodetic data from very long baseline interferometry and satellite laser ranging combined with other geodetic and geologic data to study contemporary deformation in the Basin and Range province of the western United States. Northwest motion of the central Sierra Nevada block relative to stable North America, a measure of integrated Basin and Range deformation, is 12.1±1.2 mm/yr oriented N38°W±5° (one standard error), in agreement with previous geological estimates within uncertainties. This velocity reflects both east-west extension concentrated in the eastern Basin and Range and north-northwest directed right lateral shear concentrated in the western Basin and Range. …

On Some Cave Minerals From Northern Norway, Bogdan Petroniu Onac, Stein-Erik Lauritzen

International Journal of Speleology

The present paper aims to point out the results of 31 samples from some Norwegian caves that have been analysed with respect to their mineralogical composition. Identification of the minerals was done by X-ray diffraction, thermal, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Seventeen minerals were identified belonging to 4 groups: carbonates, sulphates, oxides-hydroxides and silicates.

Gps Monitoring Data For Active Volcanos Available On Internet, Timothy H. Dixon, Frederic Farina, Ailin Mao, Frank Webb, Marcus Bursik, Ross Stein, Grant Marshall

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Recent technological advances have now made it possible for volcanologists to continuously monitor active volcanoes with the Global Positioning System (GPS). These observations allow detection of large changes in surface strain near active volcanoes that may precede major volcanic eruptions by days, weeks or even months. They are therefore a critical component of programs designed to assess hazard and predict eruptions of active volcanoes.

Researchers who are unfamiliar with GPS technology or who do not have facilities to process large amounts of GPS data may have difficulty obtaining GPS results, however. To address this problem, we recently initiated a “proof …

1995 File Geodatabase Containing Aerial Photos, Pete Reehling, Richard Mckenzie, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers Bay Study Group

Images

The Bay Study Group was created by the City of Tampa in 1976 to monitor the effects of pollution abatement that occurred in Hillsborough Bay when the city’s wastewater treatment plant was upgraded from primary to advanced treatment in 1979. The Bay Study Group documented a remarkable restoration of water quality parameters and biological indicators in Hillsborough Bay from the mid 1980s until 2009, when it was disbanded. This zip Geodatabase file contains the aerial photos for the year 1995.

Paleokarst Of The Bohemian Massif In The Czech Republic: An Overview And Synthesis, Pavel Bosàk

International Journal of Speleology

Paleokarst of the Bohemian Massif on the territory of the Czech Republic developed as polygenetic and polycyclic forms with several phases of fossilization and rejuvenation depending on tectonic phases and deep chemical weathering. Paleotectonic period (pre-Permian in general) was characterized by evolution of relatively minor depositional and local paleokarsts. Neotectonic (platform) period (post-Permian) favoured the prolonged karst evolution of interregional paleokarst in two karst periods and several more or less distinctly separated karst phases.

Inflation Of Long Valley Caldera From One Year Of Continuous Gps Observations, Frank H. Webb, Marcus Bursik, Timothy H. Dixon, Frederic Farina, Grant Marshall, Ross S. Stein

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

A permanent Global Positioning System receiver at Casa Diablo Hot Springs, Long Valley Caldera, California was installed in January, 1993, and has operated almost continuously since then. The data have been transmitted daily to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for routine analysis with data from the Fiducial Laboratories for an International Natural sciences Network (FLINN) by the JPL FLINN analysis center. Results from these analyses have been used to interpret the on going deformation at Long Valley, with data excluded from periods when the antenna was covered under 2.5 meters of snow and from some periods when Anti Spoofing was enforced …

The 1993 Klamath Falls, Oregon, Earthquake Sequence: Source Mechanisms From Regional Data, Jochen Braunmiller, John Nábělek, Beate Leitner, Anthony Qamar

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

We use regional broadband seismograms to obtain seismic moment-tensor solutions of the two September 20, 1993, M_w=6, Klamath Falls, Oregon earthquakes, their foreshock and largest aftershocks (M_D>3.5). Several sub-groups with internally consistent solutions indicate activity on several fault segments and faults. From the estimated moment-tensors and depths of the main shocks and from the aftershock distribution we deduce that both main shocks occurred on an east-dipping normal fault, possibly related to the Lake of the Woods fault system. Rotation of T-axes between the two main shocks is consistent with the two dominant trends of the aftershocks …

The Classification Of Cave Minerals And Speleothems, Carol A. Hill, Paolo Forti

International Journal of Speleology

The classification scheme of Hill and Forti, as used in the second edition of Cave Minerals of the World, is presented as a "practical" solution to the classification of cave minerals and speleothems. Classification and naming of cave minerals is by crystal class and follows nomenclature approved by the International Mineralogical Association. Classification of speleothems is based on morphology and whatever is known about origin, with division of speleothems into types, subtypes, and varieties. It is proposed that new speleothem types, subtypes, and names be approved by a UIS Commission of cave mineralogists.

Karst In Siliceous Rocks - Karst Landforms And Caves In The Auyàn-Tepui Massif (Est. Bolivar, Venezuela), Leonardo Piccini

International Journal of Speleology

During the expedition "Tepuy 93", six caves were explored in the precambrian quartzites of Roraima Group, in the Auyan-tepui massif. One of this caves reaches the depth of 370 m and a development of almost 3 km; its name is “Sima Auyan-tepui Noroeste” and it is currently the deepest cave in the world discovered in siliceous rocks The geological and morphological study of this cave has underlined again the importance of deep solutional weathering, along the network of fractures for the formation of caves in siliceous rocks. The different formation stages of the big superficial shafts, called “simas” were observed …

Karst In Siliceous Rocks: The Speleothem Medium Of Finger Flutings And Its Isotopic Geochemistry, Robert G. Bednarik

International Journal of Speleology

The isotopic geochemistry relating to the re-precipitation of calcite in caves is considered, in terms of its theory, natural manifestations, and relationship with questions of radiometric dating of carbonate speleothems. Specific forms of’ such deposits are considered, together with the various modification processes they are subjected to. More specifically, particular forms of rock art found within, as well as on or under such deposits are examined, such as finger flutings commonly found in caves of Europe and Australia. Some of the variables relating to their occurrence are elucidated, their preservation and possible dating is reviewed in the light of these …

Second Interpretive Report Tampa Bypass Canal And Hillsborough River Hydro-Biological Monitoring Program Volume I Of Ii, Water And Air Research, Inc., Sol Environmental Services, Inc.

Reports

Water and Air Research, Inc. (WAR), is under contract to the WCRWSA to perform this three-year study on the southern reaches of the TBC and the HR in Hillsborough County, Florida. SDI Environmental Services, Inc. (SDI), is under contract to the WCRWSA to evaluate the existing hydrologic monitoring program for the TBC and the HR and develop and calibrate a groundwater/surface water flow model for that system. This second interpretive report includes an assessment of all biological and water-quality data collected during the first three years of the study. In addition, discussions of the hydrologic model and various water withdrawal …

Second Interpretive Report Tampa Bypass Canal And Hillsborough River Hydro-Biological Monitoring Program Volume Ii Of Ii, Water And Air Research, Inc., Sol Environmental Services, Inc.

Reports

Appendix A - W

Nutrient Bioassays In Tampa Bay, Dr. Vargo

Reports

Water samples were collected seasonally at four locations in Tampa Bay to determine if nitrogen, phosphorus and a chealtor (ETDA), alone or in combination, were limiting growth rate and/or biomass.

Ambient Surface Water Monitoring Report, Data Year January, 1992 - December, 1992 Pinellas County, Florida, Pinellas County Department Of Environmental Management-Water Resources Management Section, Donald Moores, Earl "Gene" Quinn, Pamela Leasure, Nancy Page, Mariben Anderson, Sean Coats, Susan Myers, Donald Hicks, Lisa Baltus

Reports

Whereas ambient surface water monitoring in Pinellas County had been limited and sporadic in the past, there has recently been a renewed interest in monitoring programs. Partly this has been encouraged by the activities of the National Estuary Program and the mandates of the federal NPDES Municipal Storm Sewer permitting program. In the case of Pinellas County, the County's Comprehensive Plan, adopted in 1989, mandated the implementation of ambient water quality monitoring in the waters of the County. The first annual report of monitoring results was published in December, 1992 (Moores, et. al., 1992).

This is the second annual report …