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An Introduction To The Japanese Groundwater Animals With Reference To Their Ecology And Hygienic Significance, Kôichi Matsumoto

International Journal of Speleology

1) Nearly two hundred species of troglobites are known from the groundwaters of Japan. Most of these troglobiontic species, sixteen of seventy-seven genera, and what is more, four of forty-seven families are endemic to Japan. Uchidastygacaridae, Nipponacaridae, and Kantacaridae are endemic acaridan families of Japan. The coleopterous family, Phreatodytidae, is alto endemic to Japan. 2) Though studies on Protozoa, Turbellaria, Annelida, Aschelminthes, and Ostracoda, etc. remain sparse, the interstitial fauna is actively investigated recently and many specimens of Bathynellacea, Ingolfiella, Bogidiella, Microcerberus, Pseudovermis (Opisthobranchia), and Nerillidae, etc. have been collected from freshwater and marine environments. 3) None of the troglobites …

Stenasellus Bragai N. Sp., Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines D'Espagne Méridionale, Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

This small species has been found in the underflow of Guadalquivir River (Jaén Province). It belongs to the phyletic line of Stenasellus breuili Racovitza, distributed in the underground waters of the Iberic Peninsula.

Remarques Sur La Biologie Et L'Écologie De Stenasellus Virei Dollfus (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines), Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

Recent observations indicate that a laying season seems to exist, in karstic as well as in phreatic populations. Nevertheless, a single female cannot lay each year, because the reproductive intermolt averages 15-16 months and is always followed by one (9-10 months) or several non-reproductive intermolts. So, the minimum laying rhythm of female St. virei is biennial. The cavernicolous population (St. v. virei) of the Padirac swallow-hole is not a relict, but a colony separated from the main settlement of the alluvial waters of the Dordogne river. On the contrary, it is possible to find, close to each other, …

Groundwater Inhabitants In Poland, Andrzej W. Skalski

International Journal of Speleology

This paper states the present progress achieved in research regarding the ground-water fauna of Poland.

Zwei Neue Pseudoskorpion-Arten (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) Aus Marokkanischen Höhlen, Volker Mahnert

International Journal of Speleology

Chthonius (E.) longesetosus n. sp. (1 female) collected in the cave of Sidi Mejbur Tazas, and Allochernes maroccanus n. sp. (4 males 1 female 4 Tritonympha), collected in the cave of Caid (- 1fri et Caïd), Ait Mohammed, are described and figured. It is the first record of cave dwelling pseudoscorpions in Morocco aside from the publication of a Chthonius sp. from a cave near Taza.

1st International Symposium On Groundwater Ecology. Introduction: Sense And Course Of The Meeting, Siegfried Husmann

International Journal of Speleology

Short introduction on the meeting on Groundwater Ecology held at Shlitz (Germany) in 1975.

Untersuchungen Zur Funktion Des Mesopsammon Bei Der Reinigung Von Infiltriertem Oberflächenwasser, Barbara Ritterbusch

International Journal of Speleology

Based upon the hypothesis that the Metazoa (nematoda and rotifera) in the interstitial stratum of a slow sand filter are of importance in the process of purification of surface water, a filter was built to check the substrate characteristics of different grain sizes compared with the natural soil. It was found that the granulometric composition of sands as found in the settling basins did have the best comparative screening properties. This was demonstrated by chemical analyses of NH₄, NO₂, NO₃, PO₄, KMnO₄-consumption and O₂-saturation. Only the NO_{3 …}

Stygiomysis Major, A New Troglobitic Mysid From Jamaica, And Extension Of The Range Of S. Holthuisi To Puerto Rico (Crustacea: Mysidacea: Stygiomysidae), Thomas F. Bowman

International Journal of Speleology

Stygiomysis major, new species, the third species of the genus, is described from Jackson Bay Cave, Jamaica. It is up to twice the length of the other known species. S. holthuisi, until now known only from its type-locality in St. Martin, is reported from 2 caves in Guànica State Forest, Puerto Rico. It differs slightly from St. Martin specimens in the armature of the uropods.

Recent Karyological Research On Cave Planarians From Europe, Nicole Gourbault

International Journal of Speleology

Very few studies have been involved with karyology in Planarian living in total darkness. The first results indicate however, that most of the hypogeous Paludicoles have a diploid chromosome number notably superior to the similar surface forms. In another connection a relative uniformity of the morphology of the chromosome is observed in the same group, so that the studied karyotypes show a similar general aspect.

New Data On The Foraminifera Of The Groundwaters Of Middle Asia, V. I. Mikhalevich

International Journal of Speleology

New data obtained during the expedition to Middle Asia (1973) essentially enlarge our knowledge of foraminifera living in underground waters. Seven new species were discovered in the wells of the Kara-Kum and Ust-Urt deserts. All of them contain cytoplasma. The wells are situated in the region of bedding of underground waters of the heightened salinity in the zone of balance of runoff and evaporation. The majority of the species described in our work like many of the species recorded from the underground waters earlier (Brodsky, 1928; Nikoljuk, 1968; Jankovskaja and Mikhalevich, 1972) belong to the genera living in coastal brackish …

Bragasellus Comasi N.Sp., Crustacea Isopoda Asellots Cavernicole D'Espagne Occidentale, Jean-Paul Henry, Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

This new, albinistic and anophtalmous Bragasellus has been collected in the waters of the Cova del Infierno (“Hell Cave”) near Covadonga, province of Asturias, Northwestern Spain.

Quelques Données Sur La Population De Proasellus Slavus Ssp. N. Sket (Crustacea, Isopoda) Dans L'Hyporhéique De La Rivière Drave Près De Legrad, Romana Lattinger-Penko

International Journal of Speleology

An analysis of the population in the hyporheic medium of the Drava river shows that Proasellus slavus ssp. n. is one of the smallest known Asellids. It is living in an interstitial biotope as a permanent population in which density varies in space and time. Our observations show that reproduction takes place throughout the year, however with a maximum rate at the beginning of summer. Females may produce a relatively great number of offspring, notwithstanding the smallness of the species.

Die Vertikale Verteilung Von Ciliaten Im Stygorhithral Der Fulda (Beitrag Zur Kenntnis Mesopsammaler Ciliaten In Fließgewässern), Günther Lüpkes

International Journal of Speleology

19 species of ciliates were found in interstitial biotopes of the Fulda Headwater. Two of these were new: Haplocaulus hengsti, n.sp. and Epistylis rotti, n.sp. (Peritrichida). The number of ciliate species decreases from the surface down so deeper layers; in a depth of 50 cm, only three species were found: Haplocaulus hengsti and Epistylis rotti and another small ciliate Trachelophyllum apiculatum. There was little detritus in this layer, and so, the abundance of the ciliates was low. On the other hand, there is little predation in deeper layers of stygorhithral sand and gravel. Small, long …

Sur La Distribution Géographique De La Faune Interstitielle Du Danube Et De Certains De Ses Affluents En Basse-Autriche, Dan L. Danielopol

International Journal of Speleology

The wide distribution of the interstitial isopod Proasellus slavus as well as new records of Troglochaetus (Archiannelida) and BogidielIa (Amphipoda) in Lower-Austria are presented. Species of the genera Microcharon (Isopoda Microparasellidae), Kovalevskiella (Ostracoda Metacyprinae) and of the family Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea) are recorded for the first time in Austria.

Systematische Untersuchungen An Grundwasserkrebsen - Eine Bestandsaufnahme (Mit Der Beschreibung Zweier Neuer Gattungen Der Familie Parabathynellidae, Bathynellacea), Horst Kurt Schminke

International Journal of Speleology

This paper reviews critically some recent work on the systematics of subterranean Crustacea, in particular Jakobi’s work on the Parastenocarididae (Copepoda), Serban’s work on the Bathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) and Schminke’s revision of the Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida). It is pointed out that three different approaches have been adopted in each of the three cases and advantages and shortcomings of each of them are analysed. Finally descriptions are given of two new genera of Parabathynellidae, Afrobathynella gen. n. and Nunubathynella gen. n., from a locality near Port Elisabeth (South Africa).

The Effect Of Cave Entrances On The Distribution Of Cave-Inhabiting Terrestrial Arthropods, Stewart B. Peck

International Journal of Speleology

Populations of cave invertebrates are generally considered to be food-limited. The cave entrance is a major source of food input into the community in the form of decaying organic matter. Thus, the densities of scavenging terrestrial cave invertebrates should be related to the distance from the cave entrance because this represents a measure of food abundance. A test showed this expectation to be true in Crossings Cave, Alabama. A population density peak occurred 10 m inside the cave where the dark zone and detritus infall regions meet. The greatest population peak occurred at 100 m where densities of crickets and …

Les Adaptations À La Volvation Du Squelette Externe De La Tête Chez Caecosphaeroma Burgundum Dollfus, Crustacé Isopode Des Eaux Souterraines, C. Marvillet

International Journal of Speleology

The study of the cephalic capsule of Caecosphaeroma burgundum, a subterranean waters Isopod, demonstrates improved adaptations to volvation; these concern in a similar manner the other regions of the body, particularly the pleotelson. From a primitive aquatic Isopod structure, the head of this blind Spheromid has been completely fashioned by many mechanical factors: posterior margin of pleotelson providing support on the head, relation of anterior angles of the second pereionit and, above all, the mandibular palps and antennae which retract into two deep grooves of the face. The comparative study of the head of other volvational Isopods shows the …

Hydrologische Und Chemische Untersuchungen An Den Fließgewässern Des Schlitzerlandes. A. Quellen. I. Übersicht, Jörg Brehm

International Journal of Speleology

In a Triassic sandstone woodland (Schlitzerland in Hesse, Western Germany) 17 springs were hydrologically and hydrochemically investigated throughout one year (April 1973 - April 1974). Measurements were carried out on water volume, temperature, electrolytical conductivity, pH, aikalinity, chlorinity, dissolved molecular oxygen, dissolved organic material (COD), ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and free phosphate. Among the hydrochemical factors investigated the pH-value was closely related especially to the micro-climate in the spring drainage area. In particular the pH rose both with increasing length of the drainage area and — within the same spring with decreasing water supply. On the other hand the pH-value diminished …

Die Tierische Besiedlung Des Hyporheischen Interstitials Eines Urgebirgsbaches Unter Dem Einfluß Von Allochthoner Nährstoffzufuhr, Hans-Gerd Pieper

International Journal of Speleology

The Mettma, a mountain stream in the Black Forest, W. Germany, was investigated for effects of input of nutrients and energy by domestic waste water and effluent from a brewery introduced at one specific point. The investigation time ranged from May 1970 to February 1971. Initially, there is an impoverishment and structural changes of the biocoenosis in the hyporheic interstitial. There is an almost complete O₂-depletion immediately after the waste water has been added. In winter, temperatures in the interstitial were higher than those in the current. No direct correlation between population densities and amount of organic matter …

La Dynamique De Population De L'Isopode Proasellus Slavus Ssp.N. Et Les Larves De Chironomides Dans L'Hyporhéique De La Drave Du Point De Vue De La Pollution, Milan Meštrov, Romana Lattinger-Penko, Vlatka Tavčar

International Journal of Speleology

If we sum up the data and observations derived from our researches on the Drava river, we conclude after consideration of surface water fauna and after comparison of chemical parameters that it influences the hyporheic water of a rough gravel-sandy alluvium more than 2 m deep, while in the compact sandy substratum it has less influence. The next conclusion is that the horizontal and vertical distribution of Proasellus slavus ssp.n. in the alluvium of the Drava river, depends upon the granulation of substratum, with reference so the largeness of interstices; that the populations vary in density and structure according to …

The Effects Of Sewage Pollution Abatement On Environmental Quality In Hillsborough Bay, Florida, Joseph J. Simon, Wen H. Huang

Reports

Owing to the construction of a large municipal advanced (tertiary) waste water treatment (AWT) plant, a unique opportunity exists to study the side effects of removal of a major point source of pollution on the estuarine environment of Hillsborough Bay. The data is still in more or less raw form, with little analyses or interpretation attempted to date.

Contribution Á L'Étude Des Zonitidae (Gastropoda) Cavernicoles Et Endogés De Roumanie, Alexandrina Negrea

International Journal of Speleology

This paper is a contribution to the study of the species of cavernicolous and endogean Zonitidae from Romania. For each of the 24 species belonging to 6 genera we present the geographical distribution, their relation to the country’s territory and data concerning the morphological characteristics, the genital apparatus included. The paper ends with a short faunistic, zoogeographical and ecological analysis.

Stenasellus Kenyensis N.Sp., Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines Du Kénya, Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

Description of the first cavernicolous Stenasellid discovered in Kenya. St. kenyensis n.sp. is related to Somalian and Eurasiatic species of the genus.

Interaction Between Competition And Predation In Cave Stream Communities, David C. Culver

International Journal of Speleology

Predation by salamander larvae (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus) reduces the density of one of its prey (the isopod Asellus recurvatus) but increases the density of the other (the amphipod Crangonyx antennatus in a Virginia cave stream. This happens because predation on the isopod reduces its competitive effect on the amphipod. Both prey populations tend to occur more frequently in refugia when predators are present. In another cave where there are no prey refugia, the predator reduces the density of both species. It appears that it is easier for a predator to invade a community than to reach a stable …

Chronologie Du Développement Et Évolution Du Stockage De Calcium Et Des Cellules À Urates Chez Niphargus Schellenbergi Karaman, François Graf, Philippe Michaut

International Journal of Speleology

The intra-marsupial development of Niphargus schellenbergi is divided into three phases: within the chorion, embryonic intermoult and juvenile intermoult. The disappearance of the chorion divides the first phase from the second. A double exuviation exists between the last two. The chronology of the embryonic development and of the beginning of post-embryonic development is established. On hatching the juvenile N. schellenbergi has one pair of hepatopancreatic caeca. During the first post-embryonic intermoults the ventral hepatopancreatic caeca, posterior caeca and anterior caecum are formed. The relation between posterior caeca and the aorta is described. The study of calcium storage before moulting showed …

The Invertebrate Fauna Of Tropical American Caves, Part Iii: Jamaica, An Introduction, Stewart B. Peck

International Journal of Speleology

The scattered literature on the physical speleology and biospeleology of the West Indian island of Jamaica is brought together. As a result of recent field work, a summary of the Jamaican vertebrate and invertebrate caves is given. The invertebrate fauna is known to include some 150 free-living macroscopic species. These are mostly troglophilic scavengers and predators associated with guano accumulations. However, some 25 species, mostly terrestrial and undescribed, are known to be troglobites. This is one of the largest known assemblages of tropical troglobites. Brief descriptions are given for the 54 cave sites which have been biologically studied.

Water Quality 1973 - 1974 Hillsborough County, Florida, T. Cardinale, C. Dunn, R. Powell, A. Shaw, R. Wilkins

Reports

The Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Act charges the Environmental Protection Commission with the function of establishing, operating and maintaining a continuous program for monitoring water pollution. A county-wide water quality surveillance network has been designed to provide accurate data and information as to whether the requirements of the Act are being complied with and whether the level of water pollution is increasing or decreasing throughout the county.

Comparison of this 1973 and 1974 data with similar sampling during 1972 permitted evaluation of trends, effectiveness of local control programs, relative contributions from individual sources, general effectiveness of the monitoring network, as …

The Life Cycle Of A Kentucky Cave Beetle, Ptomaphagus Hirtus, (Coleoptera; Leiodidae; Catopinae), Stewart B. Peck

International Journal of Speleology

Ptomaphagus hirtus has been successfully kept in laboratory culture at 12.5°C with food in surplus at all times. Eggs hatched in 18.5 days. Three larval instars were present, which had a total larval life span of 42 days. The pupal stage lasted 32 days. Adult males and adult females had average life spans of 2.2 years and 1.6 years respectively. Maximum adult longevity was 4.2 years. Females reached reproductive maturity a month after eclosion, young and old females produced one egg every 3.5 and 3.8 days respectively, and were reproductively active for as long as 2.5 years. Compared to European …

Pseudosinella Styriaca Sp.N (Collembola: Entomobryidae) A New Collembolan Species From The Styrian Cave "Raudner - Höhle" (Austria), Heinz Neuherz, Josef Nosek

International Journal of Speleology

Description of a new cavernicolous species of Pseudosinella, P. styriaca. The species was found in the cave “Raudner - Hohle” (Styria, Austria). P. styriaca sp. n. belongs to the Mediterranean group of Pseudosinella.

Observations Sur La Biologie De Stenasellus Virei (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Caux Souterraines), Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

St. virei has been bred in the laboratory for many years (1960-1974). Most of the St.v.hussoni were captured in karstic waters, near the Moulis subterranean laboratory. Some St.v.virei from the Padirac sink-hole; St.v.buchneri from Cantabrian caves; St.v.boui and St.v.virei from phreatic waters; and St.buili and St.breuili have also been bred. Since Stenasellids are unable to swim, very low aquariums are used, with a bed of cave clay, some calcareous stones, dead wood and dead elm tree leaves. Little depth of water is necessary. Stenasellus was originally carnivorous, being able to capture and devour living prey, such as Chironomid larvae, but …