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Articles 1531 - 1560 of 4868

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Luminescence Dating Of Chinese Loess Beyond 130 Ka Using The Non-Fading Signal From K-Feldspar, Bo Li, Shenghua Li Jan 2012

Luminescence Dating Of Chinese Loess Beyond 130 Ka Using The Non-Fading Signal From K-Feldspar, Bo Li, Shenghua Li

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

A multi-elevated-temperature post-IR IRSL (MET-pIRIR) protocol, which utilizes the IRSL signals measured by progressively increasing the stimulation temperature from 50 to 300 ℃ in a step of 50 ℃, was applied to date the potassium-rich feldspar (K-feldspar) extracts from loess samples at the Luochuan section of the Chinese Loess Plateau. It was observed that the MET-pIRIR ages obtained at elevatedtemperatures (250 and 300 ℃) are consistent with independent chronological control for the samples from the first loess layer (L1) to the third paleosol layer (S3), which correspond to the marine isotope stages (MIS) 2e9. Our results indicate that the MET-pIRIR …

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Comparing The Information Content Of Coral Reef Geomorphological And Biological Habitat Maps, Amirantes Archipelago (Seychelles), Western Indian Ocean, S Hamylton, S Andrefouet, T Spencer Jan 2012

Comparing The Information Content Of Coral Reef Geomorphological And Biological Habitat Maps, Amirantes Archipelago (Seychelles), Western Indian Ocean, S Hamylton, S Andrefouet, T Spencer

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Increasing the use of geomorphological map products in marine spatial planning has the potential to greatly enhance return on mapping investment as they are commonly two orders of magnitude cheaper to produce than biologically-focussed maps of benthic communities and shallow substrates. The efficacy of geomorphological maps derived from remotely sensed imagery as surrogates for habitat diversity is explored by comparing two map sets of the platform reefs and atolls of the Amirantes Archipelago (Seychelles), Western Indian Ocean. One mapping campaign utilised Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imagery (19 wavebands, 1 m spatial resolution) to classify 11 islands and associated reefs into 25 …

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Climate Change, Fuel And Fire Behaviour In A Eucalypt Forest, Stuart Matthews, Andrew L. Sullivan, Penny Watson, Richard J. Williams Jan 2012

Climate Change, Fuel And Fire Behaviour In A Eucalypt Forest, Stuart Matthews, Andrew L. Sullivan, Penny Watson, Richard J. Williams

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

A suite of models was used to examine the links between climate, fuels and fire behaviour in dry eucalypt forests in south-eastern Australia. Predictions from a downscaled climate model were used to drive models of fuel amount, the moisture content of fuels and two models of forest fire behaviour at a location in western Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. We found that a warming and drying climate produced lower fine fuel amounts, but greater availability of this fuel to burn due to lower moisture contents. Changing fuel load had only a small effect on fuel moisture. A warmer, drier …

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Decentring 1788: Beyond Biotic Nativeness, Lesley M. Head Jan 2012

Decentring 1788: Beyond Biotic Nativeness, Lesley M. Head

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The usefulness of the concept of biotic nativeness has been challenged in both the social and natural sciences, for different reasons. This paper explores the particular construction of nativeness in Australia in relation to plants, showing that the definition builds on and inscribes more deeply the boundary between humans and the rest of nature seen in the wider literature. In this context two further boundaries are etched: between some humans and others, and before and after European colonisation. Such a use of nativeness as an axiom of environmental management is argued to be problematic, foreclosing a number of future options …

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Long-Range Correlations In Fourier Transform Infrared, Satellite, And Modeled Co In The Southern Hemisphere, Olaf Morgenstern, Guang Zeng, Stephen W. Wood, John Robinson, Dan Smale, Clare Paton-Walsh, Nicholas B. Jones, David W. T Griffith Jan 2012

Long-Range Correlations In Fourier Transform Infrared, Satellite, And Modeled Co In The Southern Hemisphere, Olaf Morgenstern, Guang Zeng, Stephen W. Wood, John Robinson, Dan Smale, Clare Paton-Walsh, Nicholas B. Jones, David W. T Griffith

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

We use Fourier transfonn infrared ground-based measurements and satellite and model data to assess long-range correlations in tropospheric carbon monoxide. We fmd that CO columns measured in New Zealand correlate well with those measured in Antarctica, if a transport-related lag is taken into account. The model suggests that this long-range correlation is part of a mode of anomalous CO comprising almost the whole southern extratropics, which is linked to biomass burning in the southern continents. No such mode is modeled for the Northern Hemisphere. The area of long-range correlations maximizes for the southern subtropical Pacific, which is identified as an …

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Molecular Characterization Of Commensal Escherichia Coli Adapted To Different Compartments Of The Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract, Sam Abraham, David M. Gordon, James Chin, Huub J. M Brouwers, Peter Njuguna, Mitchell D. Groves, Ren Zhang, Toni A. Chapman Jan 2012

Molecular Characterization Of Commensal Escherichia Coli Adapted To Different Compartments Of The Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract, Sam Abraham, David M. Gordon, James Chin, Huub J. M Brouwers, Peter Njuguna, Mitchell D. Groves, Ren Zhang, Toni A. Chapman

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The role of Escherichia coli as a pathogen has been the focus of considerable study, while much less is known about it as a commensal and how it adapts to and colonizes different environmental niches within the mammalian gut. In this study, we characterize Escherichia coli organisms (n=146) isolated from different regions of the intestinal tracts of eight pigs (dueodenum, ileum, colon, and feces). The isolates were typed using the method of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and screened for the presence of bacteriocin genes and plasmid replicon types. Molecular analysis of variance using the RAPD data showed that E. …

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Molecular Mechanisms Of K+ Selectivity In Na/K Pump, Haibo Yu, Ian Ratheal, Pablo Artigas, Benoit Roux Jan 2012

Molecular Mechanisms Of K+ Selectivity In Na/K Pump, Haibo Yu, Ian Ratheal, Pablo Artigas, Benoit Roux

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The sodium–potassium (Na/K) pump plays an essential role in maintaining cell volume and secondary active transport of other solutes by establishing the Na+ and K+ concentration gradients across the plasma membrane of animal cells. The recently determined crystal structures of the Na/K pump to atomic resolution provide a new impetus to investigate molecular determinants governing the binding of Na+ and K+ ions and conformational transitions during the functional cycle. The pump cycle is generally described by the alternating access mechanism, in which the pump toggles between different conformational states, where ions can bind from either the …

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A Comparison Of Bushfire Fuel Hazard Assessors And Assessment Methods In Dry Sclerophyll Forest Near Sydney, Australia, Penny J. Watson, Sandra H. Penman, Ross A. Bradstock Jan 2012

A Comparison Of Bushfire Fuel Hazard Assessors And Assessment Methods In Dry Sclerophyll Forest Near Sydney, Australia, Penny J. Watson, Sandra H. Penman, Ross A. Bradstock

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Over the last decade, fire managers in Australia have embraced the concept of ‘fuel hazard’, and guides for its assessment have been produced. The reliability of these new metrics, however, remains to be determined. This study compared fuel hazard ratings generated by five assessment teams using two Australian hazard assessment methods, in two dry sclerophyll forest sites on Sydney’s urban fringe. Attributes that underpin hazard scores, such as cover and height of various fuel layers, were also assessed. We found significant differences between teams on most variables, including hazard scores. These differences were more apparent when fuel hazard assessments focussed …

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Manipulating Thermal Stress On Rocky Shores To Predict Patterns Of Recruitment Of Marine Invertebrates Under A Changing Climate, Justin A. Lathlean, Todd E. Minchinton Jan 2012

Manipulating Thermal Stress On Rocky Shores To Predict Patterns Of Recruitment Of Marine Invertebrates Under A Changing Climate, Justin A. Lathlean, Todd E. Minchinton

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

For rocky intertidal organisms, temperature is often considered the most influential factor governing early survival and growth. Nevertheless, our review of the literature revealed that few studies have manipulated temperatures in the field to test for effects on these critical early life history processes. Here, we present the results from a novel manipulation of substratum temperature using settlement plates of different colour (black, grey and white) and infrared measurements of temperature to test hypotheses that temperature influences the early survival and growth of recent settlers of the intertidal barnacle Tesseropora rosea. Mean surface temperatures of black and grey plates …

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Living Together But Apart: Material Geographies Of Everyday Sustainability In Extended Family Households, Natascha Klocker, Chris Gibson, Erin Borger Jan 2012

Living Together But Apart: Material Geographies Of Everyday Sustainability In Extended Family Households, Natascha Klocker, Chris Gibson, Erin Borger

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

In the Industrialized West, ageing populations and cultural diversity-combined with rising property prices and extensive years spent in education-have been recognized as diverse factors driving increases in extended family living. At the same time, there is growing awareness that household size is inversely related to per capita resource consumption patterns, and that urgent problems of environmental sustainability are negotiated, on a day-to-day basis (and often unconsciously), at the household level. This paper explores the sustainability implications of everyday decisions to fashion, consume, and share resources around the home, through the lens of extended family households. Through interviews with extended family …

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P2x7 Receptor Activation Mediates Organic Cation Uptake Into Human Myeloid Leukaemic Kg-1 Cells, Safina Gadeock, Aleta Pupovac, Vanessa Sluyter, Mari Spildrejorde, Ronald Sluyter Jan 2012

P2x7 Receptor Activation Mediates Organic Cation Uptake Into Human Myeloid Leukaemic Kg-1 Cells, Safina Gadeock, Aleta Pupovac, Vanessa Sluyter, Mari Spildrejorde, Ronald Sluyter

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The P2X7 purinergic receptor is an ATP-gated cation channel with an emerging role in neoplasia. In this study we demonstrate that the human KG-1 cell line, a model of acute myelogenous leukaemia, expresses functional P2X7. RT-PCR and immunochemical techniques demonstrated the presence of P2X7 mRNA and protein respectively in KG-l cells, as well as in positive control multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells. Flow cytometric measurements demonstrated that ATP induced ethidium(+) uptake into KG-l cells suspended in sucrose medium (EC(50) of ∼3 μM), but not into cells in NaCl medium. In contrast, ATP induced ethidium(+) uptake into RPMI 8226 cells suspended …

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Using Rigorous Selection Criteria To Investigate Marine Range Shifts, Rachel Przeslawski, Inke Falkner, Michael B. Ashcroft, Pat Hutchings Jan 2012

Using Rigorous Selection Criteria To Investigate Marine Range Shifts, Rachel Przeslawski, Inke Falkner, Michael B. Ashcroft, Pat Hutchings

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

We reassess whether range shifts in marine organisms are occurring in a direction predicted by causation due to climate using two different methods: a global meta-analysis and a regional analysis of museum records focussing on marine molluscs. Globally we used rigorous selection criteria to investigate studies describing range shifts in marine organisms, including exclusion of single-species studies and those that inferred range shifts through shifting abundance. For each species meeting these criteria (311 species from 13 studies), the distance in kilometres moved per year was calculated, and life history characteristics such as mobility, habitat, dispersal potential and trophic level were …

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Driving, Cities And Changing Climates, Gordon R. Waitt, Theresa Harada Jan 2012

Driving, Cities And Changing Climates, Gordon R. Waitt, Theresa Harada

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The relevance of cars in relation to changing climates seems indisputable: scientific evidence points out the significant contribution of cars globally in causing greenhouse gas emissions. Despite higher levels of general public understanding and concern about climate change, this has not generally resulted in decreased car use. This paper outlines how a spatial perspective drawing on a cultural economy approach may provide insights into the paradox of the environmental ‘value action gap’ by focusing on suburban belongings, passions and anticipations derived from driving. Drawing on insights from Burraneer Bay, an affluent Sydney suburb, the paper illustrates how habituated and embodied …

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Slip Rate Of The Aksay Segment Of Altyn Tagh Fault Revealed By Osl Dating Of River Terraces, Yiwei Chen, Sheng-Hua Li, Bo Li Jan 2012

Slip Rate Of The Aksay Segment Of Altyn Tagh Fault Revealed By Osl Dating Of River Terraces, Yiwei Chen, Sheng-Hua Li, Bo Li

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The slip rate of Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) was studied near the Aksay segment (39°24.572´N, 94°16.012´E), China, based on dating the terraces of a river passing through the ATF. Two river terrace risers were offset by the ATF and the fault displacements were recorded. Average slip rate of the Aksay segment of the ATF was estimated using the offset of terrace risers divided by the corresponding ages. The ages of the terraces were determined by optical dating of the loess deposited on the river terrace. Our results demonstrated that: (1) The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of loess can be …

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A Reply To The Comments By Thomsen Et Al. On "Luminescence Dating Of K-Feldspar From Sediments: A Protocol Without Anomalous Fading Correction", Bo Li, Shenghua Li Jan 2012

A Reply To The Comments By Thomsen Et Al. On "Luminescence Dating Of K-Feldspar From Sediments: A Protocol Without Anomalous Fading Correction", Bo Li, Shenghua Li

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

We are pleased that Thomsen et al. (2012) has tested our newly proposed multi-elevated-temperature post-IR IRSL (MET-pIRIR) procedure (Li and Li, 2011) using their own samples, which provides an independent test on the validity of this procedure. In their study, Thomsen et al. (2012) found that the METpIRIR procedure gave consistent results with the two-step post-IR IRSL (TS-pIRIR) procedure originally proposed by [Thomsen et al., 2008] and [Buylaert et al., 2009] and Thiel et al. (2010), indicating the validity of both methods for their samples investigated. Based on this observation, they argued that the MET-pIRIR procedure has no advantage over …

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The Synthesis, Structures And Reactions Of Zinc And Cobalt Metal-Organic Frameworks Incorporating An Alkyne-Based Dicarboxylate Linker, Andrew D. Burrows, L C. Fisher, David M. Hodgson, Mary F. Mahon, Naomi Cessford, Tina Duren, Christopher Richardson, S P. Rigby Jan 2012

The Synthesis, Structures And Reactions Of Zinc And Cobalt Metal-Organic Frameworks Incorporating An Alkyne-Based Dicarboxylate Linker, Andrew D. Burrows, L C. Fisher, David M. Hodgson, Mary F. Mahon, Naomi Cessford, Tina Duren, Christopher Richardson, S P. Rigby

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The reaction of zinc(II) nitrate and 4,4′-ethynylenedibenzoic acid (H2edb) in DMF at 80 °C gave the metal–organic framework material [Zn4O(edb)3(H2O)2]·6DMF 1 in which edb ligands connect Zn4O centres into a doubly-interpenetrated cubic network with a similar topology to observed with other linear dicarboxylates in the IRMOF series. Analysis of the nitrogen isotherm revealed the material to have a BET surface area of 1088 m2 g−1, which is approximately one-third of the value calculated from GCMC simulations, suggesting incomplete activation or pore blocking in the activated …

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Riverine Source Of Arctic Ocean Mercury Inferred From Atmospheric Observations, Jenny A. Fisher, Daniel J. Jacob, Anne L. Soerensen, Helen M. Amos, Alexandra Steffen, Elsie M. Sunderland Jan 2012

Riverine Source Of Arctic Ocean Mercury Inferred From Atmospheric Observations, Jenny A. Fisher, Daniel J. Jacob, Anne L. Soerensen, Helen M. Amos, Alexandra Steffen, Elsie M. Sunderland

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Methylmercury is a potent neurotoxin that accumulates in aquatic food webs. Human activities, including industry and mining, have increased inorganic mercury inputs to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Methylation of this mercury generates methylmercury, and is thus a public health concern. Marine methylmercury is a particular concern in the Arctic, where indigenous peoples rely heavily on marine-based diets. In the summer, atmospheric inorganic mercury concentrations peak in the Arctic, whereas they reach a minimum in the northern mid-latitudes. Here, we use a global three-dimensional ocean–atmosphere model to examine the cause of this Arctic summertime maximum. According to our simulations, circumpolar rivers …

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Meteorological Modes Of Variability For Fine Particulate Matter (Pm2.5) Air Quality In The United States: Implications For Pm2.5 Sensitivity To Climate Change, A. P K. Tai, L J. Mickley, D J. Jacob, E M. Leibensperger, L Zhang, J A. Fisher, H. O T. Pye Jan 2012

Meteorological Modes Of Variability For Fine Particulate Matter (Pm2.5) Air Quality In The United States: Implications For Pm2.5 Sensitivity To Climate Change, A. P K. Tai, L J. Mickley, D J. Jacob, E M. Leibensperger, L Zhang, J A. Fisher, H. O T. Pye

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

We applied a multiple linear regression model to understand the relationships of PM2.5 with meteorological variables in the contiguous US and from there to infer the sensitivity of PM2.5 to climate change. We used 2004–2008 PM2.5 observations from ~1000 sites (~200 sites for PM2.5 components) and compared to results from the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM). All data were deseasonalized to focus on synoptic-scale correlations. We find strong positive correlations of PM2.5 components with temperature in most of the US, except for nitrate in the Southeast where the correlation is negative. Relative humidity (RH) is …

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Radiocarbon Bomb Spike Reveals Biological Effects Of Antarctic Climate Change, Laurence J Clarke, Sharon A. Robinson, Quan Hua, David J. Ayre, David Fink Jan 2012

Radiocarbon Bomb Spike Reveals Biological Effects Of Antarctic Climate Change, Laurence J Clarke, Sharon A. Robinson, Quan Hua, David J. Ayre, David Fink

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The Antarctic has experienced major changes in temperature, wind speed and stratospheric ozone levels during thelast 50 years. However, until recently continental Antarctica appeared to be little impacted by climate warming, thusbiological changes were predicted to be relatively slow. Detecting the biological effects of Antarctic climate changehas been hindered by the paucity of long-term data sets, particularly for organisms that have been exposed to thesechanges throughout their lives. We show that radiocarbon signals are preserved along shoots of the dominant Antarcticmoss flora and use these to determine accurate growth rates over a period of several decades, allowing us toexplore the …

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Gelapin, A Degradable Genipin Cross-Linked Gelatin Hydrogel, Damian Kirchmajer, C Watson, Marie Ranson, Marc In Het Panhuis Jan 2012

Gelapin, A Degradable Genipin Cross-Linked Gelatin Hydrogel, Damian Kirchmajer, C Watson, Marie Ranson, Marc In Het Panhuis

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The synthesis of genipin cross-linked gelatin (Gelapin) hydrogel materials is presented. Gelapin hydrogels were comprehensively characterised through chemical, mechanical and physical analysis techniques. It was found that the hydrogels could be cross-linked to up to 90% using a genipin concentration of 24.4% (w/ w). The hydrogels reach a stable swollen state and cease leaching of residual starting materials after 72 h in phosphate buffered saline solution at 37 uC. The proteolytic degradation of Gelapin by collagenase is tuneable through manipulation of the material composition with the rate of degradation ranging from 60 mg per day up to 500 mg per …

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Beyond Barcoding: A Mitochondrial Genomics Approach To Molecular Phylogenetics And Diagnostics Of Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Leigh Nelson, Christine L. Lambkin, Philip Batterham, James F. Wallman, Mark P. Dowton, Michael F. Whiting, David K. Yeates, Stephen L. Cameron Jan 2012

Beyond Barcoding: A Mitochondrial Genomics Approach To Molecular Phylogenetics And Diagnostics Of Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Leigh Nelson, Christine L. Lambkin, Philip Batterham, James F. Wallman, Mark P. Dowton, Michael F. Whiting, David K. Yeates, Stephen L. Cameron

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Members of the Calliphoridae (blowflies) are significant for medical and veterinary management, due to the ability of some species to consume living flesh as larvae, and for forensic investigations due to the ability of others to develop in corpses. Due to the difficulty of accurately identifying larval blowflies to species there is a need for DNA-based diagnostics for this family, however the widely used DNA-barcoding marker, cox1, has been shown to fail for several groups within this family. Additionally, many phylogenetic relationships within the Calliphoridae are still unresolved, particularly deeper level relationships. Sequencing whole mt genomes has been demonstrated both …

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Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Retrieved From The Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (Gosat): Comparison With Ground-Based Tccon Observations And Geos-Chem Model Calculations, A Cogan, H Boesch, R Parker, L Feng, Paul Palmer, J-F Blavier, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Ronald Macatangay, Justus Notholt, C M. Roehl, Thorsten Warneke, Debra Wunch Jan 2012

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Retrieved From The Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (Gosat): Comparison With Ground-Based Tccon Observations And Geos-Chem Model Calculations, A Cogan, H Boesch, R Parker, L Feng, Paul Palmer, J-F Blavier, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Ronald Macatangay, Justus Notholt, C M. Roehl, Thorsten Warneke, Debra Wunch

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

We retrieved column-averaged dry air mole fractions of atmospheric carbon dioxide (XCO 2) from backscattered short-wave infrared (SWIR) sunlight measured by the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). Over two years of XCO 2 retrieved from GOSAT is compared with XCO 2 inferred from collocated SWIR measurements by seven ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) stations. The average difference between GOSAT and TCCON XCO 2 for individual TCCON sites ranges from -0.87 ppm to 0.77 ppm with a mean value of 0.1 ppm and standard deviation of 0.56 ppm. We find an average bias between all GOSAT and TCCON …

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Comparison Of Chemical Constituents And Antibacterial Activities And Antioxidant Activities Of The Essential Oil From Leaves And Fruits Of Bridelia Retusa (L.) A. Juss, D Sanseera, W Niwatananun, Saisunee Liawruangrath, Apiwat Baramee, Banyong Khantawa, Stephen G. Pyne, Boonsom Liawruangrath Jan 2012

Comparison Of Chemical Constituents And Antibacterial Activities And Antioxidant Activities Of The Essential Oil From Leaves And Fruits Of Bridelia Retusa (L.) A. Juss, D Sanseera, W Niwatananun, Saisunee Liawruangrath, Apiwat Baramee, Banyong Khantawa, Stephen G. Pyne, Boonsom Liawruangrath

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The essential oils from the leaves and fruits of Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss. were isolated by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were obtained in 0.0013% yield as a pale yellow liquid and 0.0026% yield as a violet-light brown liquid for the leaf oil and fruit oil respectively. The composition of each essential oil was analysed by means of GC-(FID) and GC-MS. Eleven constituents accounting for 48.77% of total leaves oil were identified. The most abundant compound was phytol (33.4%), followed by phthalic acid (5.2%), 6, 13-dimethoxy-2, 3, 9, 10-tetramethylpentacene-1, 4, 8, 11-tetrone (3.4%), heptacosane (2.3%) and nonacosane (1.2%). Sixteen constituents accounting …

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Behavioural Adaptation Of A Bird From Transient Wetland Specialist To An Urban Resident, John Martin, Kristine O. French, Richard Major Jan 2012

Behavioural Adaptation Of A Bird From Transient Wetland Specialist To An Urban Resident, John Martin, Kristine O. French, Richard Major

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Dramatic population increases of the native white ibis in urban areas have resulted in their classification as a nuisance species. In response to community and industry complaints, land managers have attempted to deter the growing population by destroying ibis nests and eggs over the last twenty years. However, our understanding of ibis ecology is poor and a question of particular importance for management is whether ibis show sufficient site fidelity to justify site-level management of nuisance populations. Ibis in non-urban areas have been observed to be highly transient and capable of moving hundreds of kilometres. In urban areas the population …

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Hominin Dispersal Into The Nefud Desert And Middle Palaeolithic Settlement Along The Jubbah Palaeolake, Northern Arabia, M Petraglia, Abdullah M. Alsharekh, P Breeze, Christopher Clarkson, Remy Crassard, Nick A. Drake, Huw Groucutt, R Jennings, Adrian Parker, A Parton, Richard Roberts, C Shipton, Carney Matheson, A Al-Omari, M Veall Jan 2012

Hominin Dispersal Into The Nefud Desert And Middle Palaeolithic Settlement Along The Jubbah Palaeolake, Northern Arabia, M Petraglia, Abdullah M. Alsharekh, P Breeze, Christopher Clarkson, Remy Crassard, Nick A. Drake, Huw Groucutt, R Jennings, Adrian Parker, A Parton, Richard Roberts, C Shipton, Carney Matheson, A Al-Omari, M Veall

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The Arabian Peninsula is a key region for understanding hominin dispersals and the effect of climate change on prehistoric demography, although little information on these topics is presently available owing to the poor preservation of archaeological sites in this desert environment. Here, we describe the discovery of three stratified and buried archaeological sites in the Nefud Desert, which includes the oldest dated occupation for the region. The stone tool assemblages are identified as a Middle Palaeolithic industry that includes Levallois manufacturing methods and the production of tools on flakes. Hominin occupations correspond with humid periods, particularly Marine Isotope Stages 7 …

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Comment On The Ionization Energy Of B2f4, Bun Chan, Adam J. Trevitt, Stephen J. Blanksby, Leo Radom Jan 2012

Comment On The Ionization Energy Of B2f4, Bun Chan, Adam J. Trevitt, Stephen J. Blanksby, Leo Radom

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The Gn test sets(1) of accurate (uncertainty ≤ 1 kcal mol–1 ≈ 4 kJ mol–1) experimental data are widely employed in the development and assessment of quantum chemistry procedures. However, while all the data in the Gn sets nominally carry a sub-kcal mol–1 uncertainty, several of the experimental values show uncharacteristically large discrepancies when compared with values determined by high-level theoretical calculations. One of these questionable values is the adiabatic ionization energy (IE) of B2F4, for which the theoretical values calculated, for example, with the high-level G2 (1133.9, kJ mol–1),(1b) G3 (1135.4 kJ mol–1),(2) and G4 (1127.2 kJ mol–1)(3) procedures …

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A Pluvial Episode Identified In Arid Australia During The Medieval Climatic Anomaly, T J. Cohen, G C. Nanson, J D. Jansen, L A. Gliganic, J.-H May, J R. Larsen, I D. Goodwin, S Browning, D M. Price Jan 2012

A Pluvial Episode Identified In Arid Australia During The Medieval Climatic Anomaly, T J. Cohen, G C. Nanson, J D. Jansen, L A. Gliganic, J.-H May, J R. Larsen, I D. Goodwin, S Browning, D M. Price

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages from a relict shoreline on Lake Callabonna record a major pluvial episode in southern central Australia between 1050 ± 70 and 1100 ± 60 Common Era (CE), within the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA). During this pluvial interval Lake Callabonna filled to 10–12 times the volume of the largest historical filling (1974) and reached maximum depths of 4–5 m, compared to the 0.5–1.0 m achieved today. Until now there has been no direct evidence for the MCA in the arid interior of Australia. A multi-proxy, analogue-based atmospheric circulation reconstruction indicates that the pluvial episode was associated …

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Preparation Of Ordered Tio2 Macroporous Membrane Using Pbma Colloid Crystal As Template, Hongzhong Zhang, Feng Dong, Shengnan Zhai, Xuejing Kang, Shaoming Fang Jan 2012

Preparation Of Ordered Tio2 Macroporous Membrane Using Pbma Colloid Crystal As Template, Hongzhong Zhang, Feng Dong, Shengnan Zhai, Xuejing Kang, Shaoming Fang

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) colloidal crystal templates were assembled orderly on the clean substrates of monocrystalline silicon by dip-drawing technique and titanium dioxide (TiO2) macroporous membranes were prepared by using sol-dipping template method to fill the interstices among the PBMA templates, followed by calcination to remove the templates at 550℃. Calcination of the PBMA templates was carried out according to the following procedure: the rate of rising temperature was 5℃/min from room temperature to 150℃, 2℃/min from 150℃ to 270℃, 1℃ /min from 270℃ to 430℃, 2℃/min from 430℃ to 550℃ and maintained it at 550℃ for 2h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) …

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Retention Of Different-Sized Particles And Derived Gut Fill Estimate In Tammar Wallabies (Macropus Eugenii): Physiological And Methodological Considerations, Adam J. Munn, Susie Tomlinson, Tom Savage, Marcus Clauss Jan 2012

Retention Of Different-Sized Particles And Derived Gut Fill Estimate In Tammar Wallabies (Macropus Eugenii): Physiological And Methodological Considerations, Adam J. Munn, Susie Tomlinson, Tom Savage, Marcus Clauss

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The capacity of the digestive tract is an important parameter in understanding digestive adaptations, particularly in herbivores. Measures of this capacity (‘gut fill’) are commonly performed in killed animals, which has ethical and logistical implications. Alternatively, dry matter gut contents (DMC) can be estimated in live animals from food intake, digesta retention and digestibility, based on physical principles (Holleman and White, Can. J. Zool. 67, 488–494, 1989). Although this method has been used to some extent, it still awaits thorough validation. Here we estimated DMC in seven tammar wallabies during 5-day feeding trials and compared the results to those gained …

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Selective Reduction Of Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic Acids To Their Hydroxy Derivatives By Apolipoprotein D: Implications For Lipid Antioxidant Activity And Alzheimer's Disease, Surabhi Bhatia, Bianca Knoch, Jenny Wong, Woojin Scott Kim, Paul Else, Aaron J. Oakley, Brett Garner Jan 2012

Selective Reduction Of Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic Acids To Their Hydroxy Derivatives By Apolipoprotein D: Implications For Lipid Antioxidant Activity And Alzheimer's Disease, Surabhi Bhatia, Bianca Knoch, Jenny Wong, Woojin Scott Kim, Paul Else, Aaron J. Oakley, Brett Garner

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

ApoD (apolipoprotein D) is up-regulated in AD (Alzheimer's disease) and upon oxidative stress. ApoD inhibits brain lipid peroxidation in vivo, but the mechanism is unknown. Specific methionine residues may inhibit lipid peroxidation by reducing radical-propagating L-OOHs (lipid hydroperoxides) to non-reactive hydroxides via a reaction that generates MetSO (methionine sulfoxide). Since apoD has three conserved methionine residues (Met49, Met93 and Met157), we generated recombinant proteins with either one or all methionine residues replaced by alanine and assessed their capacity to reduce HpETEs (hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids) to their HETE (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) derivatives. ApoD, apoDM49-A and apoDM157-A all catalysed the reduction of HpETEs to …

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